please make more videos about the lives of cells. this is incredible

Amazing work. Although I am an immunologist, the helminth clearance, just surpasses me. Congratulations, your endeavor simply is the strongest motive for any young scientist. Wish I had KZfaq during my bachelor studies.

RIP to us medical students with an medical immunology exam in a few days.

Now that is quality beyond anything you can imagine possible

Full transcription Our body is in constant contact with environmental factors. Epithelial barriers like the skin or gut mucosa represent the first line of defense in the gut mucosa specialized immune cells actively reinforce the barrier and induce tolerance against food or commensal bacteria. Among those immune cells a recently discovered type of lymphocytes called innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) orchestrate immune responses and maintain tissue homeostasis. Unlike the T and B lymphocytes, ILCs do not express adaptive antigen recognition receptors. As such, their activation and expansion is not driven by antigen but rather by cytokine signals from the tissue. ILCs come in three types: ILC 1 / 2 / 3. ILC 3 interact with dendritic cells to maintain the epithelial barrier. Dendritic cells which are specialized in the presentation of antigen, acquire antigen from the gut microbiota and secrete IL-23. IL-23 stimulates the ILC3s to make IL-22 which then activates the epithelium to secrete antimicrobial peptides or AMPs that kill bacteria directly. IL-22 also enhances IL-23 production in dendritic cells. This dialogue between dendritic cells and ILC 3s maintains the barrier against pathogenic or commensal bacteria. ILC3s also interact with macrophages to establish tolerance towards the commensal microbiota. Antigen from gut bacteria induces the inflammatory cytokine IL-1β in macrophages which in turn triggers the secretion of GM-CSF in ILC3s. GM_CSF signals back to macrophages to induce retinoic-acid which promotes the differentiation of regulatory T-cells. Regulatory T-cells are essential in maintaining tolerance towards the commensal microbiota. ILC2s contributes to responses against helminths. These parasitic worms release enzymes that digest the mucus barrier and cause massive cell death. Epithelial cells sense the danger signals released by the dying cells and produce alarmins (IL-25,IL-33, TSLP). In response to the alarmin IL-25, ILC2s make mediators that induce mucus production from goblet cells, send activated dendritic cells to the lymph node (by IL-13 secretion) where they can prime T-cell effectors, recruit eosinophils and mast, and induce muscle contraction. These actions results in the expulsion of worms from the gut. In response to IL-33, ILC2s also make Amphiregulin, which induces tissue repair following worm clearance. However, ILCs also contribute to tissue pathology. ILC 1s which make the inflammatory mediator IFN-gamma and ILC3s which can acquire the ability to make INF-gamma during chronic inflammation are found in inflammatory bowel diseases such as colitis and Crohn's disease and contribute to gut pathology. As such, ILCs participate in various aspects of immunity from maintenance of the epithelial barrier and tolerance against commensals to immune responses against parasites and pathology associated with chronic inflammation.

Stunning illustration. Extremely clear and concise. Thank you!

This is the most amazing thing I've ever seen. Do other people drool over molecular biology like I do?

And this is why i love science!!!! Microscopic responses are always going on in and outside of our bodies! and untill you study medical science won't really understand it all but once you do trust me you will feel like a damn super hero with all that amazing knowledge btw im a Paramedical Esthetician and even though its a specialty in skin care i did understand what this video was talking about, The body is simply amazing!

so i have been binge watching on cellular interpretation and am now in awe of the complexity of our immune response system. i can not believe that we have evolved into this magnificent entity and we have no idea who we are under the skin. i know that doctors and scientist already think this is boring stuff but holy shit!... i had no idea. mind blown!!!!!!!

Superlatives are well-deserved here. Amazing work!!! Pleeeeeease more!!!!

this is such a beautifully made video, thank you for the clear explanation!

If you think about it, this is happening right now in our bodies

this makes me so happy for some reason

Incredibly well done

Going for quality explanations like this is the way, the way to get better doctors and scientists which are less confused about their knowledge and so can make easier the next steps in the medical science.

absolutely fascinating

wonderful , thank you

thanks nature, you did it again

Excellent! Many Thanks.

Perfect!

Beautiful!

Astounding!

What an Amazing video... #after read so many writings and in a deep of lack of knowledge this video makes it brief clear!

Fascinating!!! Thanks for posting :)

Estou encantada com as animações espetaculares presente nesse canal. PARABÉNS!!!

It is very amazing thank you

thank you very much

This is beautiful. I study the immune system / tolerance and exhaustion /and always open to collaborations. Best,

Marvelous animation, great narrative. Serious problems with the closed captioning, though.

This is amazing....thank you so much🥰

increidible explanation i appreciate

thanks ad

Obscure but crazy beautiful

Fantastic !

amazing so complex system going on in our bodies 😊

Insane animation.

this is great!!!! thanks

Simply great channel. I subscribed.

Had this been available 40 years ago I would have likely not switched from pre-med to poli sci...Never too late to learn.

Great video ❤ please keep making videos like this ❤

I'm amazed by the fact that there is a class of molecules that are called alarmin

Super explanation and animation ❤️💙💛

3:10 What about peyer's patches instead of a LN?

I love this work, it feels like you are watching a movie 🎬

awesome videos

This was so intense😰I loved it

cool animated videos plz dont stop making videos like this

Excellent video. 👏👏👏

Please explain the work of the enzyme 5 alpha reductase in changing the male hormone, and where it is produced. Thank you.

Good video

Amazing❤❤❤

Informative

Maravilloso

Amazing!!!!! 👏🏼👏🏼👏🏼

Beautiful 😯👍🏽

Superb !

AWESOME 👏🏽

These videos and the narration are so helpful. Spell-binding.

Amazing what we don’t know.

Is it a similar situation in the lung?

Good video👍😉

I love this work and appreciate your efforts to make this | ❀ ☆✿♡

I want to become a scientist now

please make the video on MHC pathways

hi everyone hope all are keeping fine .reactive population of lymphoid cells pls help us how to overcome with lymphoid cells what is best treatments ? thank you very much in advance ,

Helminthic worms also evolve to counteract the gut's defences. Thus, how effective is the current stage of human gut evolution vis-a-vis helminthic worm evolution; are we ahead or just equal?

So good I "almost" get it !!

في بعض المصطلحات ما فهمتها

I could watch videos like this on every single subject inside of biological creatures. This is like a version of the magic school bus haha

Strange to see when a cell fires signal molecules directly in direction to an another cell. It is wrong visualization

A replica of the universe

It's magic

spacy animation :D

so many interleukins,,,,,, cries

Anyone else sent here by Jenny/A Kelly?

Immunology Out Of The Gut Mucosa 2

our bodies are kinda badass

👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍

اخخخ😟لو يترجم الى عربي ب يكون أحسن للفهم

This is kind of complex

Those Parasite Worms

Hummugos

Boja

Lol lol 😂

"evolution" ... ha ha!

Everything is proving one end Allah (God) is great