WOW. I love this. No bullshit, no speculation, no subjective opinion. Straight up measurement and definitive testing and conclusion. If only KZfaq was filled with people dedicated to facts and figures as yourself it would be a much more educational and valuable place. Thank you.

You are one impressive scientific photographer. Being a RF hardware engineer working at Apple in Cupertino, USA, I perfectly relate to the DB, MSE and SNR, but I also learned something new: Structural Similarity Index !!!. I also Lear Ed that you can write python scripts. Incredible talent!!. So for this Q3 sensor construction, the sweet spot is 36MP, and I assume that for a different density either a different pixel size (like the one in Hasselblad’s X2D) there would be a different pixel binning sweet spot (were it to be offered). Many thanks for the both the educational and entertainment value you provide in your videos.

Now I see where your ”mathphotographer” channel name comes. This was really enjoyable to whatch and informative at the same time, thank you for your effort!

This is the Q3 video I’ve been looking for. Thank you for spending the time to articulate it in depth and so clearly and precisely!

thank you! best in-depth content! I was able to try out the Q3 last week at Photoville in Brooklyn and was blown away at the quality of the images.

Excellent analysis! Thorough and informative.

I’ve been waiting for someone to test the different raw sizes. Excellent work.

Clear and concise explanation of an important topic. Regards

What a superb technical video!

Great scientific investigations!!! Thank you for your hard work! Very impressive and interesting to watch!

Great analysis!

Awesome deep dive. My respect. Thank you,

As an engineer (and Q3 owner). i appreciated the methodical quantitative approach. More of these videos please!

You are amazing in this review!

One of the best content I learnt a lot today Thanks

Amazing video, thank you. Now I can’t wait for my Q3

Amazing work. Thank you for doing this 😊

This is absolutely awesome, thank you!

WOOOW this is the best analysis ever. thank you, so I still use 36MP

Matt, I just watched the Video from the Leica Store in Nürnberg, very very good and extreme well explained, thanks for that link. It's more or less what I prayed over the years since I was confronted with this subject in my Fuji days. I also have to admit that You (your channel) are the only person I can discuss this stuff on this level and I am happy about that. What we also can learn from this excellent video, straight from the beginning, is that photography with a digital camera is still ANALOG PHOTOGRAPHY. More light equals more output voltage and besides that further down the (electrical) road there is a A/D convertor to prove this point again. In the video they show an example of a dark area that had more chroma noise in the 200 ISO version ( with added exposure in LR) than the 3200 ISO version (50:50) Now this is exactly what I wanted to point out when you use LR to enhance exposure with the exposure slider and C1 with the lightness slider. In the video at 32:15 the left guy makes a very important comment about the sensitivity of different coloured LEDs. The separation of colours in a sensor is done by the colour filter, RGB, but the fact is that R , G and B have different measures of attenuation of the light. So further down the (electric) road this has to be compensated (levelled) by increasing the the R, G an B channel separately to make it even again. Now there are companies that make you BELIEVE that removing the colour filter will make your camera a monochrome version of itself. This is not completely true, yes the an output is monochrome only by removing the filter , the attenuation per diode is also removed, HOWEVER later on the road the attenuation will still be applied so your output is not levelled. This can only be done by altering the firmware or any other internal setup to let the light per diode pass through 1 to 1 Then the right guy made another remark in the video I would like seriously debunk but that will "open up a can of worms" would rather save it for another day. Okay Matt rest me only to give you the link to the Leica Camera USA channel where Leica lens developers talk about quality of Leica lenses and in particular the SL (APO) lenses It's 2 years old but still very relevant: Search for - Leica Tech Talk: For the Love of Lenses Hope you enjoy. Greetings from a sunny Amsterdam, although I have to do some work today, but I don't mind, it's for myself, not for somebody else ;-)

You just can’t beat a bit empirical rigour … and this my friend, is empirically rigorous!! Thanks 😊 📷

Always honest thorough and no bullshit just facts on this youtube channel. always enjoyable

Another outstanding, beautifully illustrated and expertly explained video. Leica ought to give you a consultancy contract, if only for teaching. I would love to see you analyse the Q2 sensor in the same way, if you would have time. It would enable us to objectively and scientifically understand the differences better. By the way, with an ISO of 3200 in both my Q2 and SL-2 with APO Summicron 75mm 2.0, DxO PureRAW 3.0 allons me to recover all details I need, including the very dark areas, from images taken of ocular gene therapy interventions in the operating room. Thank you for your videos, simply superb, Bart

Well, that made my brain hurt but well worth it. I wouldn't gave guessed I will likely use the mid resolution when my Q3 finally arrives. Thanks so mush for sharing this work!!

Great video. Very well done! So much objective information. Thank you!

Excellent, highly interesting.

Amazing video! Thanks!!!

oh man...Du bist geil. Honestly, I was torn between buying the Leica Q2 Monochrom and the Leica Q3 because I want to take black and white photos in low light conditions. After your detailed and scientific explanations, I will definitely buy the Leica Q3.

Holy cow! How I like when you get nerdy and geeky :D my head exploded, but it was worth it. Many great photographic channels on KZfaq, yours is way ahead of them. But what can I say, my Q2M is already at the Leica store and I am waiting for my Q3...

Interesting video thank you!

❤Thank you for a wonderful video I picked up so many more reasons to change to the Q3 for street photography from my M11, where I am getting camera shake at even 180th of a second when shooting from the hip. I had to wait a long time to get to it but it was so worth it, as I also found out along the way I should be shooting M-DNG for social media (my main use), hopefully this will speed up my workflow as the 60MP images were slowing down my computer. Hoping to pick up the Q3 soon and will use the M lenses (those I will keep) on my SL2-S. Bye Bye M11. Great video Sir.

Very good lesson. I am awaiting my Q3 which is on order and I look forward to using it. Thank you for a very detailed video for us. I just subscribed and will follow you. Thank you again.

You put a lot into this video, and it was excellent. Thank you &✌️out Maths

Profoundly awesome educational video. I finally understand why Leica does the three choices for resolution. I’m wondering if the next get SL2, the SL3 will have the LDNG, MDNG and SDNG, which will mitigate the need for a second camera (SL2 vs the SL2-S) with lower megapixels for low light shooting and video.

thank you again for your great video! and i felt like just atended a lecture lol!

Thank you!!!

Thank you. Very much looking forward to your similar analysis of the m11 (and maybe someday m11m)! Will be extremely interesting if there is a secondary independent threshold among the ISO settings (i.e. 3200 or 6400) where there is a second step of invariability OR where the invariability ends due to gain if there is only one linear invariability threshold for the m11 sensor. Great work!

As an engineer really appreciate the work here.

In another video you should upscale a 15MP photograph from the 60MP sensor and compare it to the same scene shot at 60MP. There you will discover that there is only a very minor difference, some extra sharpness in the green channel. That is because each pixel only measures 1 colour (RBGG per Bayer micro-lenses) and the rest are interpolated. This is why the Leica monochrome cameras are such sharpness beasts!

Matt, EXCELLENT VIDEO, no lie detectors went of here so everything you said is solid an true ;-) I watched the whole video and found it very interesting. As you know I advocate shooting low ISO and take advantage of the ISO Invariant Sensor, when available Love the calculations and your Python script (use Python a lot for almost everything), very very interesting HOWEVER I have some commands but more in the additional way (things that I missed) so you can breathe in peace and I hope you read my info: 1. What does ISO in Digital Cameras stand for: Where as ISO in film stands for the sensitivity of a film in a digital camera it does not represent the sensitivity of the sensor. A shot taken with higher ISO than base will be shot in base ISO and after the shot is taken a gain will be implied to boost the exposure. This is done by a tailor made algorithm for the camera sensor combination. 2. ISO Invariance, as you explained very well this is the opportunity of adding exposure in post with the same results as in camera iso boost, however in post we have more control cause we can adjust by shot, by looks and in camera it will be on average (still very good). I practice ISO invariance editing from my from Fuji days 10 years ago, with success cause the Fuji sensors excelled in that. Nowadays almost all brands have more or less ISO invariant sensors except Canon (they work with a different algorithm and there for it is better to rely on their higher ISO levels In those days I used Iridient developer, a far out better RAW editor for Fuji. 3. Capture one over Lightroom, as my Mantra goes, use C1 for those things cause the Ligthness slider has a far better algorithm to boost Exposure. 4. Now in your examples it was still reasonable light, but I used in pitch dark situations where I shot sceneries with a small amount of little streetlights and then C1 will give even better results. In examples where you showed Chroma Noise in the dark/black areas, C1 lightness will give you so much better control. 5. I already knew that the 36 MP position would give you the best Dynamic Range and I have seen it in pictures with half shadow and half sun reflected on white buildings. 6. For noise reduction and sharpness (which I don't use and is always set to zero in all my RAW editors), I rely on third party Applications dedicated to solve those problems, all available by a plugin in PS. I agree on your final conclusion that the Q3 is one of the better cameras out there. As you know 24MP is my favourite resolution but since I have seen the resolution the 36MP sensor setting, I am in doubt to chance my mint Q-P with all its boxes and what not and trade it for a Q3 This week I am busy but in the week after that I will go to my camera store and ask the for an offer. Who knows, but I also state: An OG Q is a hell of a camera and there are no reason for starters to buy in the Q system starting with an OG Q Matt, thanks for the effort to put this all together and I will link people in the future to show them the pure facts. And thanks for sharing, good weekend my friend !

Amazing analysis! Going from L to M gets you the classical 3dB per 2x oversampling. Going to S suggests you may have started to get into under sampling regime. And I know the person in the Kodak Man reproduction. He is now an IBM technical fellow!

Very interesting and thorough video, well done. It's easy to explain the constant SNR between ISO200 and ISO3200. The saturation level of the sensor stayed the same because your aperture/shutter settings were always the same. A few more comments: - The dynamic range of the sensor does not change - this can be explained theoretically. - Your focus was to analyze the image - The focus should be the sensor, like: 1. Study the noise floor of the sensor and analyze 2. The rated saturation level of the sensor, ISO range, and DR 3. This will enable you to explain a lot about the camera's performance characteristics - ISO100000 means nearly 10 stops of image signal amplification. That means the sensor received almost no reflected light which could mean you are amplifying nothing or at best the native noise floor of the sensor... See the point. Unfortunately, your study consists mostly of arguments and explanations used in the commercial "size and capture" theory. Perspective or what you are analyzing has a lot to do with what your results look like. I honestly do not think you are purposely presenting a commercial theory. You need to step away from the size and capture theory... What does the size and capture theory promise us? - The bigger one captures more light - The bigger one has less noise - The bigger one has more DR - The bigger one has better image quality - The bigger one.... (you get my point) For example, I wear my biggest shoes when I go walking. I like the math and software approach. It will be amazing to see the results when your focus shifts. See this website and the interesting theoretical discussions and calculations: www.strollswithmydog.com Best Siegfried myolympusomd.blogspot.com .

Mein Kopf raucht... Aber vielen Dank für die Erklärungen. Ich schätze diese Erklärungen sehr.

time for a Q3 Setup Guide... Would love you to walk through the new features and how you set them up.

Thank you for the very detailed exmaples!!! Love the videos you are making with Q3. One question, do you know the ISO invariance range of the Q3? is does this ISO range apply in video mode?

Wow, what a fantastic, educational video! Many thanks for taking the time and effort to educate so precisely and clearly. The new Light Room Classic noise reduction is very impressive indeed. I wonder if you compared the L-DNG at 25,00 ISO vs M- DNG in your detailed train station composition, do you think would the extra resolution and detail of L-DNG would allow the adobe NR algorithm to work slightly better (more data points in fine detail) , despite the slightly better DR of the M-DNG file, or maybe about the same? Also, if 0.5 seconds is about the slowest shutter you can hand hold the Q3, what do you think that slowest acceptable shutter speed would be for the Q2, to get a sense of the improvement for the Q3's OIS? Thanks again for all your thoughtful work and clear, scientific explanations.

Excellent review. I suppose this combination of the Maestro 4 processor and the Q3's BSI sensor will be applied or even updated in the upcoming SL3, or even an M 12. I'm dying to see what comes out next year in Leica's 100 year commercial anniversary models. 🙂

Hi - this is a great video, thanks for all the related production efforts, and thanks for sharing! I struggle though with the concept of 'ISO invariance' - can you help me here? - I assume in your examples you shot (nearly) identical pics with the same exposure and aperture; just varying ISO settings - I assume you shot RAW pictures - The sensor does not know about the concept of ISO. It records the amount of light per pixel, as per exposure / aperture settings - The ISO is added as a metadata value to the RAW file - The actual raw data is always the same, irrespective of the ISO settings in the metadata (that's different from the analog film world, where the "hardware" / the characteristic of different ISO films differ and can't "record the same pic") - When opening and displaying a pic e.g. in Lightroom, Lightroom takes the raw data of the pic, and uses the ISO metadata value to make the picture lighter / darker (increases / decreases the exposure behind the scenes) - So what you do if you push one of the pictures is you offset what Lightroom just was doing. Now you compare two pics with nearly identical raw data, displayed with the same ISO ratio - assuming that the algorithm for initial displaing the DNG file and later changing exposure is the same (for working with RAW data, that may be a fair assumtion), there should be no difference in the results. So what you've kind of proven is that x = y + 3 - 3, i.e. that x (pic 1) equaly y (pic 2) when changing (via ISO setting) exposure, and then offsetting this change manually. Right? So in that sense, wouldn't the "ISO variance" at best be a shiny marketing concept? Would love to get your views, thanks!

Excellent video! Any news on the accessories coming out for the Q3 - including the wireless grips?

It would be interesting if you could make a video about the methods of reducing the amount of pixels in a camera. I think that Leica does NOT use PIXEL BINNING as you called it in your video. This might be a detail as the video covers fully other topics. But as a matter of interest it would be great to fully understand what pixel binning does compared to other methods.

Outstanding presentation owing to your rigorous treatment of what is generally handled only subjectively. It highlights the progression of image quality on many fronts - both at Leica in terms of invariance in sensor readout vs ISO setting, but also in the new Lightroom AI based noise reduction - which I too have found to be game changing. I agree with others and eagerly await the next SL installment being a current SL2-S shooter. One question not answered - do you see the same ISO invariance and reduction in noise reported in this study on the M11, both standard and monochrome?

what a fantastic channel! have you also measured the actual sharpness? the last test I've seen made a LR setting of +15 with 0 details the optimal non-oversharpened sharpeness. additionally, have you done some tests with the sharpness levels before ai denoising in LR? i.e. are the images better if you set sharpness to 0 and then denoise?

Thank you indeed. This is like radio Veronica in the 60's or 70's: u vraagt wij draaien (all old belgians or dutch will know this). If all would be so responsive life would be a lot easier. Thanks again.

A masterclass! Your tests were done with binning. Do you think the same applies when digital zooming is used at for example 35 and 50 mm%. I don’t have the Q3 and perhaps binning is not possible with digital zoom.

Very good demonstration. The use of Pixinsight brought back painful memories. This software is not for the fainthearted. My only question is how Leica have done pixel binning so that the MDNG is now 36MP? Usually we used binning of 2X2 or 4X4 pixels to create the super pixel in order to increase the SNR, if we were over sampling the target image. This new sensor of this Q3 seems to be a good one. Thank you.

Hi, I also have the Q3 (and an M11) and this is a great video! Quick question though, at ~20:22 you show that the ISO SNR has improved from ~30 dB to 33dB and that you say that's a 10% improvement. However, since SNR is measured in dB and it's a logarithmic scale, so 33dB is twice as much as 30dB wouldn't it be more precise to say it's a x2 improvement?

I always enjoy your reviews, particularly your rigorous quantitative discussion of many of the issues. With respect to the Q cameras, I have a question regarding the Summilux lens used on these cameras. How does this lens compare optically with 28 mm Summilux for the M system cameras? I have also observed that the M11 and the Q3 handle white balance very differently. The M11 pictures appear to be much cooler than the Q3 pictures and the color temperature shown in Lightroom is generally much lower for the M11 than the Q3. Have you observed this? Finally, one question regarding this video. How can you check for 14 stops of dynamic range with an 8-bit Jpg file? Thanks.

Amazing stuff and some interesting conclusions. Thank you for posting this. It does leave me with a question though. DR is very important. Good to see that there is no difference in shooting with high iso or pushing in lightroom. Very important to conclude the M dng setting offers best DR,. I gues one shoul you use L dng when you want to crop....I would like to know how this sensor containes highlights. The thing with the Q2 is, you have to underexpose a bit and push the shadows. In pratice how does the Q3 compare? Onze again thanks a lot! Waiting for my Q3......

Fantastic! Thank you for an educational video. I have one question that I hope you have time to answer: how did you determine the upper range of the “native” ISO for the Q3 (or for any camera sensor)?

Great content! I got my Q3 a couple days ago and tested it in low light, however the photos I got (5000iso) are very grainy, probably more grainy than photos taken with my M10R (12500iso), and when I convert it to B&W and push the shadow to recover the details, there’s lots of weird white dots appear. Do you have any idea what caused this issue and how to avoid it? For my m10R, I set the maximum iso to 12500 and I don’t mind having a little bit of grain in the photos, however my Q3 photos with high iso are almost unusable as they are too grainy and I can’t push it since there will be white dots.

Math, thanks for a very thorough presentation. I have an interest in statistics and you taught me something. :-) The best way to learn any STEM subject, IMHO, is to apply it to something you already know. I wonder, though, if there is further examination to do. For example, you could examine a full 60Mpx image scaled down to 36Mpx and 18Mpx, and perform the same tests. I wonder what the results would be. I predict that you will get more DR than the 36Mpx image. But not by very much. In addition to that, I have further questions about the ISO invariance test. If a scene is shot at both 200 and 3200, the results will be nearly identical, as you have shown. But, is the highlight recovery the same in each instance? If it is, that means that ISO is treated as metadata by the Q3, and the signal is not being amplified. Apparently, the Fuji GFX cameras treat ISO as metadata, just like Red cinema cameras. So, if highlight recovery is possible in the 200 ISO shot, but not in the 3200 ISO shot, that means that shooting at 200 ISO is the better option - although the image might be too dark on the display. I don't know if the Q3 has OVF 'simulation' or not. I use DxO Photo Lab, and I find that the NR is still better than what I have seen here in Lightroom. Not that it matters, because I never use NR too much. I mainly use it to eliminate chrominance noise. There is no point in removing luminance noise, because there is no genuine detail to be recovered. If detail is gone, it's gone.

Deine sehr detaillierten Reviews sind bemerkenswert, insbesondere die außergewöhnliche analytische Herangehensweise. Vielen Dank dafür. Als Q2 Besitzer würde mich Folgendes sehr interessieren: Zum einen der Vergleich der Q2 zu Q3 im Hinblick auf high-ISO und dynamic-range anhand verschiedener real-life Vergleichsfotos vom gleichen Motiv. Außerdem eine Vergleich der Q2 zur Q3 in der Astrofotografie, z.b. Milchstraßenfotografie, da die Q3 ja nun keine ISO-abhängige Belichtungszeitbeschränkung mehr hat. Die Q3 müsste von der Brennweite und der Objektivqualität ja nun mit der Entfernung dieser Beschränkung der Q2 sehr gut für Astrofotografie geeignet sein. Das wäre höchst interessant. Gruß

Amazing. I skipped some of the analysis, but followed most of the comparisons. Quick question. Why didn’t you try or show a higher level of noise AI in LR? Would there have been even more distortion? Please explain. Thanks! Geoff

Currently so popular there is on average a 3 month waiting list (UK anyway) - Also Japans best selling camera at present.

Love your objective technical analysis. Does the same conclusion of M-DNG being the cleanest apply to the m11 sensor?

Hey, I am not asking for another video -- but what kind of results with a Q2 Mono vs Q3 color? I own a Q2 Mono (not M11 mono). I was planning on taking both Q2 mono and a Q3 on a long adventure on my motorcycle to 3rd world countries... Taking the Q2 Mono for night pics in BW for better dynamic range... Is this now practical or does the Q3 in effect have similar results (all the metrics you outlined) with the new chip in BW?

Hi, just get the Q3. May I know M-DNG / S-DNG get better noise performance or using the Lightroom AI Denoise on L-DNG and reduce the size should be better? Thanks

Thank you, great analysis. I understand the math, but intuitively it seems that the higher amount of pixel binning in S-DNG should result in at least as good an SNR value as M-DNG, even if it didn't further improve over M-DNG. However it is actually a lower SNR value than M-DNG and from a perspective of the physics of the problem, it is not intuitively clear to me why this should be the case. Any thoughts? Thank you again for all of your tremendous content.

When will you review the Leica SUMMILUX-M 21mm f/1.4 ASPH. hope you inform us about this lens soon

Excellent engineering work congratulation, I do not remember is the M-DNG available in the M11 ? seems not (yet ?)

Can you please do same test on M11 please!!!!

Thanks a lot for a very educative topic! 😁Does this apply to the SL3, i.e., is DNG-M also best with regards to dynamic range?

Great video. Do you prefer the Leica Q3 or the Hasselblad X2D for street photography? Would this be AF speed vs medium format resolution?

Probably worth mentioning that this 60MP sensor is most likely made by Sony, possibly with tweaked micro lenses. The performance and specs are otherwise identical.

Grüezi! I might have skipped this info, but to which resolution were all images (60, 36 and 18 mpix) downsized before running all the scripts? If the were saved to lossy format, how did you control quality?

Can you confirm you came to a different result with the M11 i.e. that L-DNG was the best? Or was it a different test you made?

Just a quick note, going from 14 stops to 15 stops is 2x (i.e. 100%) more dynamic range, not 7% more. This is because the scale is logarithmic to base 2.

I got intellectual pleasure and learned a lot while watching this video. Your way of giving information is very clear.

Amazing content again :) Actually I study all my Hasselblad x2d functions with your videos appreciate . I have some questions , had Hasselblad x2d unbelievable quality images , can I get same image quality forhasselblad black and white with 100mp vs Leica b&w ? another question wanna get Leica for street photography cuz I like vintage looks , black and white and size vise so for Leica which one you recommend for images quality q3 or m11 , m11 mono ,sametime never used manual focus before but tried don't think that much difficult

Why isn't s-dng better in low light and noise vs the m-dng?

You made difficult math into something I could follow. I hope there's no final exam. On a practical basis, would you maximize detail with DNG-L unless you needed the extra sensitivity? How often do fifteen stops vs. fourteen stops show up in prints, let alone on screen?

Would you get the same results if you used lossless 16 bits bitmaps instead of lossy 8 bit jpegs?

I loved this test but I have a question from a more image oriented photographer. I would really like to see in the images, the highlights behavior in L an M size, and in the different iso. Because one thing is the DR related to noise. But other very different thing is the Rolloff of an image, that specific latitud in the highlights before the critical clippling of the whites. I had the Q2 and the camera even when in every test appears to have a very good dynamic range, no matter how you expose, there is always a clipped highlight in the frame. Don't know the reason, but from an aesthetic point of view for me is very unpleasing. The other day I had the opportunity to play for some minutes with a Q3 and I bring the files to my computer, What I have noticed immediately is that the files has a lot less noise in the shadow and when you recover shadows, but the highlights still has this contrasty behavior, the good thing is now you can underexpose by 2 to 3 stops confidently and will have good shadows. The problem is that you are going to be looking at a very dark viewfinder, and just trusting in the histogram or your knowledge about metering. Is there any possibility that you make video talking and showing examples specifically for the highlights? I would really love to see for example how you can recover highlights in the iso 200 image underexposed vs the 3200 image correctly exposed. Because visually that kind of exercises could have a different result. May I ask you why did you compare iso 200 overexposed with 3200 and not iso 50? I understand that iso 50 is the highest dynamic range. In the Q2 there was myth about the iso being less contrasty in the whites. I know astro photographers are more concerned about shadows and noise when we talk about dynamic range, but as a daylight photographer and cinematographer I am more concerned about highlights and clipped skies. I loved my nikon d850 and I really hated my Q2. I would really love to love the q3 this time, but I don´t really trust their highlights. Visually speaking, do you have any example comparing L and M highlight recovering? Thank you again for you beautiful and scientific work.

Thank you for the video… I have Q2 Monochrom, I shoot events in bars / nightclubs low light high ISO a lot (can’t use a flash) usually not going past ISO 25,000 but sometimes I need 50,000 ISO .. how do you think Q3 would compare at those high iso to Q2M ?

Danke für den tollen Erklärungen. Eine sache die in deiner Berechnung noch ingeressant gewesen wäre. was passiert mit den verschiedenen werten wenn du das 60Mpix Foto in ein 36,5 umgewandelt hättest. Hier müßte das Rauschen im bild durch die zusammenfassung der pixel eigentlich besser werden und die Frage ist in wie weit sich dann die werte annähern. Interessant ob sich dadurch zu sehen wäre auch ob sich die dynamik der bilder dann auch erhöht. Vielleicht magst du das ja noch einmal in text hinterher schieben. LG

Can I assume your analysis applies to the Sony A7rV L M and S lossless compression raw files? M lossless compression would be the optimal for dynamic range…

Can you do this procedure with the M11? Thanks so much!

Good analysis. But for pixel binning, how does in-camera binning compare with binning in Lightroom/Photoshop? Is the in-camera function just a convenience? And how does the DNR improvement compare with RAW files that start with more than 8 bits? More effect, or less? It’s actually remarkable that they can do pixelbinning with RAW files, which have the Bayer filter, especially since the binning is not by an integer number of pixels. Just thinking about it makes my head hurt. Do they demosaic the image, then scale it down, then remosaic? That would be crazy. Note that digital zoom affects only the JPEG and leaves the DNG whole, but DNG resolution (“binning”) does affect the DNG. There may be a hint in that they talk about the sensor being multi-resolution, this indicates there is some hardware there, it’s not just math in the processor. It’s impressive.

Is the q2 the same?

How does these Lossless compressed modes compare to uncompressed mode? Surely uncompressed is the cleanest mode?

Please correct me if I am wrong, but my understanding is that you do all considerations on pixel level, not on equalised output size, are you? On pixel level it is obvious that averaging several pixels will reduce noise and therefore increase dynamic range (and it can be done in the same afterwards in during raw conversion or after raw conversion), but after equalising the output size (on the monitor or for print), there is no such advantage.

How does this compare to the Q2 or Q2 mono?

In a previous video on M11 pixel binning you concluded that shooting at 60MP (and resampling to 36MP in post-processing) would provide superior resolution and SNR compared to shooting at a pixel-binned 36MP. That conclusion seems at odds with the conclusion in this video since the M11 BSI sensor is similar to the Q3 BSI sensor. Am I missing something?

Grazie per la bella analisi della mia Q3. Ti sarei grato se mi spedisci le tue istruzioni. Saluti Carlo

I'm all over it.

NOW I understand your name of "mathphotographer" lol

Amazing how many youtubers tries all together this new camera which is yet not availlable on the market !! And very surprised that all tell the same story : it's worth to buy this very good camera, ha ha ha!

I'm confused at why the M-DNG pixel-binning has better results than the S-DNG, which should allow twice as many pixels to "bin"? Per your conclusions at 40:40 in the video. Looks like there would never be a good reason to use S-DNG.

If you ever had time lol … could you compare the Q3 (60mp & 36mp) to Q2monochrom at 12,500 / 25,000 / 50,000 … I’m so curious to see how they compare in low light / high ISO … sometimes I miss color but I’m spoiled now with my Q2M quality for lowlight …. Thank you for your channel, I have learned a lot. Q2M is my first Leica.

Then what's the point of having an S-DNG option at all? Doesn't best performance ratio also imply low noise level?