The Science Of Cutting

Рет қаралды 480,282

8 күн бұрын

▶️ Visit brilliant.org/NewMind to get a 30-day free trial + 20% off your annual subscription
This exploration of cutting technology spans from prehistoric stone tools to modern computer-controlled machine tools, tracing how this fundamental concept has shaped human civilization and continues to evolve today.
The story begins in prehistoric times, with the first evidence of sharp tools dating back 2.6 million years. Early hominids used crude stone "choppers" to cut meat and work with wood, empowering them to create more advanced implements. The science of cutting involves separating materials through highly directed force, with the cutting tool needing to be harder than the material being cut.
The Bronze Age marked a revolution in cutting technology, as humans transitioned from stone to metal tools around 6000 BC. Copper's low melting point made it ideal for early metalworking, and the discovery of bronze alloys created harder, more durable cutting tools. This period also saw the rise of metallurgy, the study of metals' physical and chemical properties. Crystal lattice structure, dislocations, and grain boundaries are key concepts in understanding metal behavior. Techniques like alloying, heat treatment, and work-hardening improve metal properties for specific applications.
The Iron Age brought further advancements with improved furnace technology enabling iron smelting. Bloomeries produced workable iron by hot-forging below melting point, while blast furnaces increased production, creating cast iron for structural use. Puddling furnaces later allowed the production of wrought iron with lower carbon content.
The dawn of the Steel Age marked a turning point in cutting technology. Steel combined iron's strength with improved workability, and innovations like the Bessemer process and Open Hearth method made steel production more efficient and affordable. This led to the rise of industrial giants like US Steel, the world's first billion-dollar corporation.
Machine tools evolved from early developments like the bow lathe and water-powered boring mill to Maudslay's revolutionary screw-cutting lathe in 1800. Eli Whitney's milling machine in 1820 enabled mass production, and by 1875, the core set of modern machine tools was established. The mid-20th century saw the introduction of numerical control (NC) for automation, followed by computer numerical control (CNC) machines in the 1970s.
Advancements in cutting tool materials played a crucial role in this evolution. High-speed steel, introduced in 1910, addressed the limitations of carbon steel by maintaining hardness at higher temperatures. Carbide tools, developed from Henri Moissan's 1893 tungsten carbide discovery, combined extreme hardness with improved toughness. The manufacturing process of cemented carbides impacted tooling design, including the development of replaceable cutting inserts. Exotic materials like ceramics and diamonds found use in specific high-speed applications and abrasive machining.
Looking to the future, emerging non-mechanical methods like laser cutting and electrical discharge machining challenge traditional techniques. Additive manufacturing (3D printing) poses a further challenge to traditional subtractive processes. Despite these new technologies, mechanical cutting remains dominant due to its versatility and efficiency, with increasing automation and integration keeping it relevant in modern manufacturing.
From the first stone tools to today's computer-controlled machines, cutting has shaped the world in countless ways. As humanity looks to the future, the principles of cutting continue to evolve, adapting to new materials and manufacturing challenges. This journey through cutting technology offers insights into a fundamental process that has driven human progress for millennia, appealing to those interested in history, engineering, and the intricacies of how things are made.
SUPPORT NEW MIND ON PATREON
/ newmind

Пікірлер: 619

@NewMind 7 күн бұрын

▶ Visit brilliant.org/NewMind to get a 30-day free trial + 20% off your annual subscription

@trumanhw 6 күн бұрын

I so love your writing. You may not remember me but, I'm the guy who quote your writing in your episode, _Pulling Energy Out of Thin Air_ _Without a difference in thermal states from which to establish a flow of energy ..._ _No mechanical work can be extracted from the system. (talk about elegant writing)_ Or ... the full snippet: The 1st law of Thermodynamics dictates: Entropy of an isolated system, left to evolve naturally, can never decrease ... and will always arrive at a state of thermodynamic equilibrium in which, entropy reaches its maxim. Without a difference in thermal states from which to establish a flow of energy, no mechanical work can be extracted from the system. In effect, as entropy increases, the amount of energy that can be extracted decreases. This inherent natural progression of entropy towards Thermal-Equilibrium ... directly contradicts the behavior of all perpetual-motion-machines of the second kind. SUCH beautiful writing; even hearing the second time is still stunning. I hope people don't confuse this extraordinary level of clarity nor the simplicity with which he reduces these complex concepts ... for being "easy." Those who do have really missed out on the joys of edification. But something tells me, those who've found this true gem of youtube ... know, this simply is not the quality of language heard in one's daily life.

@0neIntangible 6 күн бұрын

Not meant to dis Brilliant in any way being the proud sponsor of this, as well as many of your wonderful videos... but it might have been a humoring twist to have "Henson Shaving", or those Chinese made *"Japanese Kitchen Knives"* promos for this one.

@CoincidenceTheorist 3 күн бұрын

3:00 “…..superior to ANY stone blades”…….. hmmmm. Interesting and yet obsidian surgical blade/knives; a so called “stone age technology”still finds a place amongst present day surgeons.

@CoincidenceTheorist 3 күн бұрын

Tanum carbide. I wonder of thats a tantalum alloy.

@derek-64 3 күн бұрын

@jamaluddin9158 7 күн бұрын

Humanity's greatest achievement is passing down information through generations

@UtubeH8tr 6 күн бұрын

Yeah and eventually one of those generations inevitably and utterly fucks it up with their bad ideas to tac on.

@rzrzrzrzrzrzrzrzrzrzrz 6 күн бұрын

@@UtubeH8trlike the monetization and gate keeping of information

@BladeStar420 6 күн бұрын

birds, whales, alligators, turtles, and many more animals do that as well. it is not a human invention to pass information down between generations. but I understood your point.

@bobjohnson3940 6 күн бұрын

This. Once we started writing things down and compressing someone's life's work into a book that can be read in a few weeks and expanded upon it was game on

@RobertLBarnard 6 күн бұрын

I had just wrote something about our unique ability to release and use stored energy. Even though some animals (such as Orka) teach their young and even have culture, you're right. Absolutely right.

@phillies4eva 7 күн бұрын

Bronze is insanely resistant to corrosion. In fact that’s probably why there are still artifacts available today. Bronze is still the preferred metal for use in salt water environments

@taiwanluthiers 6 күн бұрын

Yea, in fact steel rusts, and the rust doesn't protect the metal. When bronze corrodes, the corrosion product forms a layer that stops further corrosion, meaning they can last nearly forever, it's why you can find elemental copper out in the wild, and why you never find elemental iron out in the wild (unless it's meteoric iron). In the old testament it talks about someone becoming upset losing an iron axe head (this was in the bronze age, meaning any iron tool was insanely expensive), and through prayer was able to recover it. Iron/steel tools proved to be vastly superior, but it remains that they do rust. They only last when we actively protect them, or polish them regularly and oil them.

@c0mputer 6 күн бұрын

@@taiwanluthiersYes. Also, interestingly, the fact that iron rusts isn’t technically the issue. All metals corrode in some way and in difference circumstances. But the problem with iron corrosion like red oxide (as opposed to black oxide) is that the resulting size of the material that forms is physically larger than the parent material. It as it grows it must flake and fall off exposing new metal to corrode again and so on and so forth until there’s nothing left. So it’s not that iron corrodes is the issue, it’s that as it corrodes it falls off and re corrodes.

@lenowoo 6 күн бұрын

nice, someone realized that weird statement

@jimurrata6785 6 күн бұрын

@@c0mputerRust jacking is a real thing. It's almost as powerful as ice expanding, which is really saying something!

@Steel0079 6 күн бұрын

@@taiwanluthierswow, upset equals to insanely expensive? Your comment was interesting until I got there. Is this how you religious people form conclusions?

@samsawesomeminecraft 6 күн бұрын

misleading title, should be "The history of cutting tools"

@igorhcc 5 күн бұрын

Agreed. But it's such a good video.

@nilo9456 4 күн бұрын

Sigh, no science noted.

@patrickguyum 3 күн бұрын

Science and history go hand in hand. If the two being interlinked wasn’t deemed important, we would not be bothering with associating scientific principles, math, or technology with people, civilizations, and eras.

@liamernst9626 3 күн бұрын

@@patrickguyumagree, 99.99% of science is historical

@ghowman1 3 күн бұрын

1:13 - 2:09

@laierr 6 күн бұрын

What I expected when i clicked the video titled "The Science of Cutting": the Science of Cutting. Like Mohs scale, tool hardening, shear forces and other factors involved in cutting I'm not even aware of. What i did not expected: Brief history of metallurgy and machine tools development Was i disappointed? Hell no. I still learned a ton of details in the areas I thought I had descent familiarity with.

@ClipsByMiles 6 күн бұрын

Same expectation, different reaction. Didn’t get the science of cutting so I skipped and skipped, until I realised the whole thing was a history lesson.

@cyruswarr1192 6 күн бұрын

agreed. due to the thumbnail, i expected something more along the lines of butchering meat, cutting, trimming.. not that i mind the history lesson...albeit brief, was just not what i was expecting.

@TheRocky3613 5 күн бұрын

Almost all other videos of new mind are super specific, with tons of new information. I was indeed a little bit dissapointed. It´s still one of the better engineering channels here on youtube. Keep up the good worl!

@Redmenace96 2 күн бұрын

Me too.

@NicholasPellegrino 2 күн бұрын

Yeah was hoping for science not history. It was still interesting and enjoyable.

@dougiefresh3075 5 күн бұрын

I was kind of hoping this video was going to be more focused on the actual, physical act of cutting materials - rather than the tools that do the action.

@MyLinguine 6 күн бұрын

Bronze and aluminum bronze is still the king for many maritime machinery components. INCREDIBLE corrosion resistance

@Mastermindyoung14 6 күн бұрын

LC200n, H1/2, and a few other steels are essentially "rust proof"

@copperlemon1 6 күн бұрын

@@Mastermindyoung14 They won't hold up in consistent seawater service. I work in shipbuilding; use AlBrz an NiAlBrz quite frequently, but for stuff that really needs to hold up to seawater it's cupronickel, Monel and K-Monel, Inconel 625, and occasionally Gr 2 Ti.

@c0mputer 6 күн бұрын

1:10 Why whenever they depict early humans they are always waddling around and super uncoordinated. These people were strong and athletic and were way more sure footed and aware of their bodies than we are today, probably. It’s not like they were all hunched over Quasimodos barely surviving on beetles with dirty faces and leaves in their hair. They were a healthy, strong, fully fledged species that survived for thousands of years.

@janami-dharmam 6 күн бұрын

metallurgy needed prospecting for the ore and fuel. Charcoal rather than coal was common. furnace was a real high tech device. controlling fire and temperature and smelting of ores need cooperative efforts.

@MrMonkeybat 6 күн бұрын

Even wild animals groom themselves.You will never see a wild ape or other animal with as matted or unkempt fur as a typical barbarian or caveman depiction. Tribal people have all their decorations just as is the tradition of the tribe. Scruffy people are an urban civilised phenomenon

@anordenaryman.7057 6 күн бұрын

Modern humans have a superiority complex that is off the scale. Most people think they are better than the other bloke. Better workers, better drivers, more intelligent, etc. It follows that we think of our forefathers as being less capable than ourselves. But this is not true. No caveman ever wore rough animal hides with bits dangling off it. Any man who could skin an animal and process the hide into soft leather was well capable of tailoring it onto fitted clothing. Stone age man would often take a break and produce artistic items out of a desire to make his belongings more beautiful. They were much better than we like to admit. They were simply lacking technology that was not yet invented.

@janami-dharmam 6 күн бұрын

@@anordenaryman.7057 just like we think white skin is better than dark skin, if an American girl hangs two meatballs from her two ears we go gaga over that... but it is too easy to criticize. one 7000 year old mummy was found it Italy (Otzi the Iceman) - he had an incredibly nice shoe! Adidas may take note!!

@dakotareid1566 6 күн бұрын

Because early humans were breaching the gap between ape and human, you’re thinking of the generation after, that developed perfect upright walking like we do today.

@cods1pe3r 6 күн бұрын

Machinist are a dying breed, with good reason. As a machinist I make two dollars an hour more than a "sandwich artist" at Subway. You know how depressing that is. I can hold parts to one ten thousandths of an inch both manually and on cnc. I have to buy thousands of dollars of my own tools to do the job, risk serious injury and death just moving the giant metal parts around, not to mention actually running the parts in the machines. The whole reason I make so little is because some poor man in sandals from India or China is willing to do what I do under way worse conditions for two dollars an hour and nobody in the West gives a fuck about him as long as they get cheap shit... And that is what is wrong with the world today.

@julybliss4440 6 күн бұрын

Boils down to what my agriculture teacher always preached in high school. "It's a throw away world". No one cares when you can go buy another piece of crap for couple dollars. He beat it into us to at least sharpen our own screwdrivers if we had quality screw drivers to start with. And to further manufacture and rebuild anything we could for ourselves.

@janami-dharmam 6 күн бұрын

it is wrong to blame poor men in sandals from India or China for your low wage. your wages are fixed by local policies made by local governments or financial bodies in association with local companies. you should rather thank poor workers in India or China for your clothes or shoes or perhaps your underwear - just imagine your clothes being stitched in New York with workers getting paid like state cops! if you want to know more, just find out the terrible conditions (and pays) the garment workers in south asian countries works.

@beantea5592 6 күн бұрын

Big facts. Struggling for a similar reason.

@beantea5592 6 күн бұрын

@janami-dharmam that's exactly why we SHOULDN'T be manufacturing in those countries. People want cheap crap and it isn't good or healthy for us or them. Also if we were manufacturing here it wouldn't be as expensive.

@cods1pe3r 6 күн бұрын

@@janami-dharmam I didn't mean poor in a monetary sense and the sandals were a references to the unsafe conditions they work in.

@MrKotBonifacy 6 күн бұрын

There's more than few inaccuracies here (and mismatched video clips), but that _"[it] blew oxygen through the molten metal"_ was that proverbial last straw. No, back then they blew AIR through molten pig iron, and the oxygen contained in AIR did the job. "Basic oxygen steel making" came much, much later: _The basic oxygen process developed outside of the traditional "big steel" environment. It was developed and refined by a single man, Swiss engineer Robert Durrer, and commercialized by two small steel companies in allied-occupied Austria, which had not yet recovered from the destruction of World War II_ _In 1856, Henry Bessemer _*_had patented_*_ a steelmaking process involving oxygen blowing for decarbonizing molten iron (...). For nearly 100 years commercial quantities of oxygen were not available or were too expensive, _*_and steelmaking used air blowing*. During WWII German (Karl Valerian Schwarz), Belgian (John Miles) and Swiss (Durrer and Heinrich Heilbrugge) engineers *proposed_*_ their versions of oxygen-blown steelmaking, but only Durrer and Heilbrugge brought it to mass-scale production_ ...and it happened only in 1948: _In 1943, Durrer ... returned to Switzerland ... . In 1947 he purchased the first small 2.5-ton experimental converter from the US, and on April 3, 1948 the new converter produced its first steel ... In the summer of 1948, Roll AG and two Austrian state-owned companies, VÖEST and ÖAMG, agreed to commercialize the Durrer process_ Hey, that's Wiki. No need for any in-depth and time consuming research, just basic fact-checking

@josephfcarrillo 5 күн бұрын

Lame

@MrKotBonifacy 4 күн бұрын

@@josephfcarrillo Hello, Lame, nice to meet you... Nah, just kidding ;-)

@chrissorensen9511 4 күн бұрын

Sometimes, nits must be picked.

@MrKotBonifacy 4 күн бұрын

@@chrissorensen9511 ...and some has to do it. Still, I'd rather say that "nitpicking" is when we watch a silly hollywoody utter fiction movie, with, say, a black Cleopatra in it, and then we nitpick on some tertiary details like "the swords they were using in this or that scene came to existence only a century latter", and when someone points out factual inaccuracies in a supposedly pop-science video, he is pointing out inaccuracies, not "knocking" or "nitpicking". Or so I think.

@giraffecat 4 күн бұрын

This is what happens when you get chatgpt to write your script

@Name-ot3xw 6 күн бұрын

Sharp rocks are probably our #3 all time invention. #1 being heavy rocks for hitting things and #2 being fire.

@superchuck3259 6 күн бұрын

Sharp sticks. See if you fire harden the point, a smart human can make pointy sticks that can take on bears/lions/etc. A group of people with pointy sticks to protect themselves will be safe from those predators. Or if people want to, then can become the top predator!

@BillSmith-fx7xx 6 күн бұрын

This is a new one on me ! You can actually make the point of a stick harder with fire ? Does it give up any sharpness ? A harder tip might be worth a little trade off ?

@jessicaheger1880 2 күн бұрын

What about the wheel?

@sirlaser8177 2 күн бұрын

I thimk the wheel needs a place

@ParagonPKC 2 күн бұрын

no wheel or string??

@blackoak4978 6 күн бұрын

This wasn't really the science of cutting. It was the science of metallurgy

@CalvinHikes 3 күн бұрын

The history of metallurgy. The title is simply a lie. Thumbs down and block.

@SpydersByte 2 күн бұрын

@@CalvinHikes block? lol

@chrissorensen9511 4 күн бұрын

I teach engineering students in a machine shop. You have just added content to my mill and lathe classes. You WILL be credited and I will steer students to this video for a deeper dive. Well done.

@ericlotze7724 7 күн бұрын

The Legend has blessed us with another Episode!

@Ghozer 6 күн бұрын

The Bessemer process was invented (and first used) in my city!! :D (Sheffield, UK) Stainless was also invented here :) as well as Crucible steel!

@multirole240 4 күн бұрын

Spot on. Lets get the history right.

@velkoto1 7 күн бұрын

Yet another great video by one of the most underrated science channels on KZfaq. Thank you!

@SillySpaceMonkey 7 күн бұрын

Watched at 5x speed, eh?

@CR-un7wl 7 күн бұрын

613k subscribers, and sponsored. Not sure about underrated lol. Either way it's good introduction to the basics of material properties in regards to cutting. Good stuff

@noonenoesbutme 3 күн бұрын

As the lead mechanical design engineer for a large tech company, this video gets me GOING. On the machine screw level I can tell threads by eye. What amazing history lead to what I use. I can take surface to edge angle / distance, plane to plane measurements and validate fasteners for use with a couple clicks using CAD. What a time to be alive :)

@martindieux 6 күн бұрын

I think you could have gone more into the details of the shapes, angles and hardness of blades and cutting elements. Still, this is a very good summary of tooling technology advancement.

@JKTCGMV13 6 күн бұрын

The material science of cutting It would be cool to see a video like this about blade and cutting tool geometries. The shape of cutting tools varies wildly between tools of the same material

@mariustv927 7 күн бұрын

Is this a reupload?

@anqied 6 күн бұрын

Yeah, it is. I remember watching this.

@iteerrex8166 6 күн бұрын

From what little I know of this topic, almost every statement you made, is a documentary in its own right. Another great production. Thank you NM 👍

@fredchevalier2333 2 күн бұрын

Amateur knifemaker here, this video has answered so many questions, adding this to my favorites! +1 sub

@eve_squared 6 күн бұрын

one of the things that solidified how cutting metals worked for me was using a cold cut saw (not the meat) which had a carbide toothed blade about a quarter inch thick. it spun slow with coolant and was a beast of a machine. It was loud as hell too, so I didn't want to go too rough on it but my boss said I was wasting money not being aggressive with the saw since technically it's taking less cuts and wears the teeth out less.

@tanswork2025 7 күн бұрын

Worth an entire college semester.

@SuperYellowsubmarin 4 күн бұрын

Which college did you attend ?

@tanswork2025 4 күн бұрын

@@SuperYellowsubmarin Engineering Mechanic

@RafaelHe 6 күн бұрын

You forgot to mention crucible steel. The main tool steel used in the 18th and 19th centuries.

@BASE5NYC 6 күн бұрын

As a guy that's carried a pocket knife every single day for the last 25 years & owns probably 30 of them.. this is incredibly interesting.

@buildaboiworkshop 6 күн бұрын

Okay? 😂😂😂😂

@erictaylor5462 5 күн бұрын

It's wild when you discover how interesting a boring mill actually is.

@dakotareid1566 6 күн бұрын

Not what I expected, but still enjoyed. Was expecting to see how manufacturers develop cutters for different materials and situations such as interrupted cuts or hard metals.

@igorhcc 5 күн бұрын

Dude, what a well produced video! As a master's degree student at Materials Science you summarized several classes with maestry! Good job!

@aakashgupta2711 7 күн бұрын

Re-upload?

@CRAiCED. 4 күн бұрын

Toolmaker & CNC programmer here for pharmaceutical and aerospace companies. This was an awesome watch thank you!

@cooldude360180 4 күн бұрын

As a general machinist myself, i love seeing these deep dives into the history and processes of industry.

@IkarimTheCreature 6 күн бұрын

You are making me psychotic man! Every interest I pursue, either leads to one of your old videos, or you upload one while i'm pursuing it. And always being the highest quality. I'm glad I stuck around since the beginning of this channel!

@copperlemon1 6 күн бұрын

You kind of skipped over cam drive, relay control, and pantograph in the lead up to CNC, though it's only tangential to the main topic.

@notlogical4016 12 сағат бұрын

dude summed up my entire materials class in the first six minutes of this video, great job

@Cubic5 6 күн бұрын

I really enjoyed this. It was nice to see a video were all the clips were correctly selected and matched the narration.

@Matthews_Media 6 күн бұрын

Thank you so much for all your hard work making this video. Truly high quality content. 15 years ago the only place to learn anything like this was at university. Just amazing what I am able to learn in the comfort of my own house.

@srgkzy1294 6 күн бұрын

You have no idea how much time I had been looking out this topic in my life !! thx for all the info I didn't know

@RichardAllen7753 4 күн бұрын

This channel is amazing. They take a totally mundane topic and make it fascinating. Thank you!

@LousyBlowfish 6 күн бұрын

11:32 "...could cut a 1m bore to an accuracy of 1.5..." my machinist brain thinks 1.5 thousands of an inch? 1.5 microns??? "...millimeters." Actually lol'd at that. Its crazy how quickly our machine tools advanced in accuracy and precision

@nancyhope2205 3 күн бұрын

Loved the video. I didn’t know what I was getting into and it has been illuminating. Thank you.

@sambolino44 Күн бұрын

My grandfather was a toolroom machinist in a paper mill, my dad had started as a machinist in the Navy and went on to design paper bag machinery. I once found a small sculpture of an eagle that my cousin had made. At dinner one night I (probably around ten at the time) marveled at how he had carved that eagle out of aluminum with an X-Acto knife; until then I had no idea that cutting something as hard as metal was possible. My dad responded, "What do you think we do all day?" Years later I came up with the snappy reply, "How would I know? You never talk about it." I guess this story has more to do with family dynamics than cutting technology. I went on to become a machinist and tooling designer myself, BTW.

@Rockardo_ 3 күн бұрын

The topic of the video is something that you would never really think the history about, but it’s actually quite in-depth

@terencew3840 3 күн бұрын

a must watch for all materials and mechincal engineering students

@LarsPallesen 6 күн бұрын

Is this not a re-upload? It sounded very familiar.

@Ogaitnas900 4 күн бұрын

The footage of dislocations propagating was amazing, I'd never seen anything like it.

@photodoc100 4 күн бұрын

10 of of 10 presentation. Teaching and the history of sharp strong cutting tools. As a ex-Butcher the knife blade edge was very important.,if the blade edge was to sharp eg 11 degrees the knife would become blunt very quickly,if the edge was 25 degrees or more it would make for hard work boning and cutting. Between 20-22 degrees was just right. We were told at college that you never cut yourself with a sharp knife.the blade cuts and flows in the direction you are cutting but a blunt knife has to be forced and can result in changing direction with potential to cut you.growing up in the trade a man at a butcher shop near me was boning a beef chuck and the knife slipped and went straight into his thigh,he died right there were he was working.😢 Thank you 👍🏼 Australia

@woodworkingandepoxy643 3 күн бұрын

As a woodworker I found this really interesting. Great video

@makenchips 6 күн бұрын

This is a good video I did not talk to the actual picture leading the video which is totally disappointing

@mojoxide 2 күн бұрын

This is beautifully explained.

@freecake1 6 күн бұрын

I have been watching your channel since the science of roundness and I always forget exactly how good your videos can be! lmao. When I clicked on this I did not expect an overview of this depth of the topics covered in both my materials and manufacturing classes in uni. Have you tried targeting the struggling mech E students yet?? A ton of students use youtube for help with course work/material and I do wonder how you would approach a video dedicated to material in a college level course. (like heat transfer or applied thermo). Love these vids! This, flatness, roundness, of course the more ME focused vids have been my favorite so far.

@fasted8468 6 күн бұрын

Are there any materials with a lower melting points, capable of cutting material with higher melting points?

@cogoid 6 күн бұрын

Just about any steel would cut platinum which is rather soft, but melts at a higher temperature than steel.

@erickamekonapeper4007 3 күн бұрын

I poured Grey and Ductile Iron at Sather Manufacturing in Everett Washington State for good old Jody 😅 ahww awww and I loved it. I was doing Shakeout. We clamped molds for about an hour and we tapped out. We would pour from a Ladle weighing 1000# and carrying 3000# of bright orange almost yellow molten Iron and poured the molds we just clamped. After doing 9 Heats the first poured Castings were cool enough to shake out and not warp. We put them in the next room over with a power overhead crane. I started work at 11 am and didn't get to go home until All the molds we poured we're shook out and the sand shoved in the corner of the shop to be used to make tomorrow's molds. With a Bobcat Skid Steer 😏 I had so much fun and blasting a manhole cover hanging from the chain and knock off the sand with sludge hammer's was the highlight 🙂❣️🇺🇲🖖 9:04

@James-rx5eb 6 күн бұрын

Videos like this are awesome. Understanding micro-mechanics of common phenomena is great. Stuff like: cutting/shearing, tip deflection, friction

@brokeafengineerwannabe2071 6 күн бұрын

My favourite engineering channel rn, who simply isn’t a clickbait STEM channel that only fouls children but actually delivers knowledge

@brabhamfreaman166 2 күн бұрын

Pretty sure the ‘fouling of children’ is illegal.

@peterp-a-n4743 6 күн бұрын

Solid writing and editing. Well done.

@deathsmileyinc 6 күн бұрын

Id argue cutting was discovered by beaks, teeth and claws

@Ctrlaltdelsean 3 күн бұрын

I would argue it was discovered by angsty teens. Perhaps it was discovered separately depending on definition and use then.

@CraigHollabaugh 6 күн бұрын

Excellent coverage. Thanks.

@rudolfnv6666 6 күн бұрын

The quality of the content on this channel is nuts!! Keep it up! 👏

@peterbabu936 6 күн бұрын

This is cutting edge technology

@rocifier 2 күн бұрын

Dude @1:21 scared the crap out of me when he put his hands right under the working guillotine :O

@FilipiVianna 4 күн бұрын

Congratulations. Wonderful content. You've just made a nice and gentle summary of machining, with details that I wasn't anticipated when I saw the video title… There are some statements that would lead to misinterpretations, like the bronze oxidation, but the overall content is remarkable.

@NicholasPellegrino 2 күн бұрын

I really wanted a science video. History was still good, but not what I was expecting.

@seanglynn8971 2 күн бұрын

Thank you for saving the AD until the end 👍🏻👌 you just got my sub.

@hvanmegen 5 күн бұрын

Fascinating video, as always.. thanks, I've learned a few things today!!

@thrawjive 5 күн бұрын

This is absolutely fantastic!

@richardpowles-brown2775 3 күн бұрын

Thanks for the video, unofrtunately there are so many adverts from KZfaq - is there another platform we can watch this content on?

@Redmenace96 2 күн бұрын

Cruising through the comments, some are saying they didn't understand the title. I saw the title and the thumbnail and knew exactly what you were going to present. Brilliant is a brand. Great content and very,very educational. Personally, I wanted more time on lathes and woodworking, but hey 😛

@RoboArc 4 күн бұрын

I have a gigantic 3D printed CNC i desgined, so this was fun to watch 🙃 i can cut wood, plastics, aluminum, brass, amd copper. Its really cool to see how far we have come and how fast we are moving.

@-sturmfalke- 6 күн бұрын

5:40 I once put a 5cm stripped copper wire into a drill and the other end into a vice, after roughly 250 turns it broke clean at the drill. When I analyzed it, it was almost as hard as a steel nail, but would break when under too much load.

@clemenshenning5525 6 күн бұрын

cast iron has HIGH carbon content, 2-4% (common tool steels have up to .95%)

@einundsiebenziger5488 2 күн бұрын

Would love to see a more in-depth history of the beginnings of metallurgy. Most certanly wasn't there one person who on day said "let's build a furnace, mix copper and zinc and create bronze". How did people come up with melting stones, so metal would come out of them? How did they discover the different properties of different metals and how did they manage to mix (alloy) them so they'd enhance each other properties thousands of years before chemistry became an actual science with methodical proceses?

@whalley6044 2 күн бұрын

Open hearth furnaces were NOT more efficient than Bessemer converters but they did not introduce nitrogen into the steel like blowing air through it. Without nitrogen open hearth steel was much tougher especially at lower temperatures. We operated 1400 ton open hearths in the mid 1960s. Open hearths were replaced by basic oxygen furnaces - similar to Bessemer converters except blown with pure oxygen rather than air. The pictures of dislocations was interesting, especially with them moving. You need to do more research on the history of metallurgy. I'd recommend "making, shaping and treating of steel" as one source. Later bronze swords were better than the early iron swords but iron was much cheaper so a noble could arm more soldiers. Adding Be to copper or bronze can increase the hardness to Rockwell C 45. Egyptians knew this.

@jessicaheger1880 2 күн бұрын

This was about so much more than cutting!

@siddharthdevaraj2781 2 күн бұрын

Excellent research and study

@SeanBeyond Сағат бұрын

Super great video very informative and articulate I enjoyed it thoroughly thank you for sharing 🙏🏻

@mkkd85 2 күн бұрын

Excellent video, thanks!

@mirshafie 3 күн бұрын

Excellent video, I learned a lot. Just wanted to point out that the reason why the discovery of the basic Bessemer process (using alkaline minerals for refractory lining) cut costs so much. As you said it allowed for the use of phosphorous-containing iron ores in steel-making. Phosphorous is a very common contaminant in iron deposits, and thus most deposits were unavailable for exploitation because the phosphorous contaminant would have rendered the steel brittle and useless. The cost of steel dropped when we no longer had to mine phosphorous-free ore (which often also has low iron content).

@krzysztofsoja5301 3 күн бұрын

Great video - as always! Thank You!

@manxman8008 4 күн бұрын

In 1868 English metallurgist Robert Forester Mushet developed Mushet steel, considered the forerunner of modern high-speed steels.

@shanehollander9135 3 күн бұрын

Great video!! Earned my subscription

@samsaek666 2 күн бұрын

Love how these usually start at the EARLIEST possible use of this tech

@reimuhakurei3311 4 күн бұрын

I love your automotive series and I would really love a video on automotive air conditioning !!!

@fightwithbiomechanix663 6 күн бұрын

You made the mechanical engineer and metallurgists very happy 😁

@Platypus_Warrior 6 күн бұрын

4:36 that's obsessive looking to me. I love it !

@matraz10 6 күн бұрын

The title of the video is covered in the first 2 minutes. Then expect a history lesson on metals and technology advancements of computers. I hit pause at 14minutes and thought to myself what then hell am I watching? There's nothing in the majority of this video about cutting, nothing at all about blade design or evolution of a blade. The only thing at this point related to actual cutting is the mention of what is rotating, the cutting tool or the object being cut. Along with how precise a cut can be made, but no mention of how that precision is achieved by a blade. But for some reason I was told what the first billion dollar company was. Why a steel manufacture needs that shout out in a video about cutting, I'm not sure. I assumed blade manufactures would have been getting the shout out. But they are ignored. I'm at 14 minutes a little past half way and couldn't tell you the science of blade design. Why some blades are flat on one side and others are angled on both sides? No clue. The angle of blade has anything to do with cutting? No clue. The actual shape of a cutting edge or how to properly sharpen a cutting edge, no clue. I started to question the video when I saw a refinery displayed while it talked about steel mills. LoL two drastically different shaped facilities and products confused. Detailed information is provided about metal alloys but not how that relates to a cutting edge along with the evolution of the lathe is provided, but no mention is given to the evolution of the cutting tools used. Just the machine itself, missing the whole point of the video

@youtubeis... 18 сағат бұрын

thanks I think i'll just leave now

@noahwail2444 6 күн бұрын

Great video, thanks. As a highly skilled mashinist, it warms my heart to watch this. But a slight correction; it was not Watt the boring mashine was made for, but Thomas Newcomben. Originaly made to bore out canonbarrels. And it was only made possible by Darbys use of coke to melt iron, not charcoal. Otherwise enough iron could not be made, to cast a cylinder.

@enja001 6 күн бұрын

The same newcomben as the steam engine?

@noahwail2444 5 күн бұрын

@@enja001 Yes, exactly. Darby made his melt in 1709, and Newcomben made his engine in 1712. The reason it was an atmospheric engine and not a steamengine was, the tecnologi was not good enough to make a boiler able to withstand the pressiore. The rivet was not invented yet.

@ruperterskin2117 4 күн бұрын

Cool. Thanks for sharing.

@tectzas 6 күн бұрын

I was so enamored by the history of metal alloys that I forgot this video was about cutting until about the 10:40 mark. Great video. I'd love to see a game that incorporates such a granular progressions through metallurgy. Going from stone tools to copper to bronze to iron to pig iron to cast iron to steel to high speed steel.

@MiD218 6 күн бұрын

Maybe not what you'd expect, but LOTRO has a system like that. From mining the ores, to smelting them with coals and such, to mixing the metals and making armours, tools, weapons etc.

@tectzas 5 күн бұрын

@@MiD218 Really? I'll have to check it out

@MiD218 5 күн бұрын

@@tectzas Yeah, besides me being a Middel Earth fan, that crafting system is a good chunk of why I like the game haha. You can check the LOTRO wiki to read all about how the crafting system works.

@unknown-ql1fk 4 күн бұрын

This is super cool but more about metal and the history of metals than about cutting.....not that I am complaining:)

@adcaptandumvulgus4252 7 күн бұрын

Whoever was experimenting with alloys and decided to risk using rare aluminum to make aluminum bronze was super lucky because that's almost as good as steel in a lot of properties , plus gold look would be popular too, I bet.

@notRelevanti 6 күн бұрын

nice informqtive stuff.

@iamJaski 6 күн бұрын

Excellent quality work! Well done sir! +

@3dkiwi920 5 күн бұрын

The 1st notable Metal Turning lathe with toolpost and prismatic ways, was designed and built by Jacques Vaucanson, 1751.

@ThomasRonnberg 4 күн бұрын

Very well made video.

@robitussin7616 4 күн бұрын

Cast Iron is Iron with a Carbon content between 2.06-6.8% Carbon (but only really usable until 5% Carbon)

@SynthRockViking 6 күн бұрын

Very nice video!

@StellarFireflyGaming-rm2xu Күн бұрын

From my understanding, limestone was used in blast furnaces since ancient times although the reason (i.e. the exact chemical processes) were unknown, people just knew limestone created removable slag that improved the final iron product. The other things you mentioned did greatly reduce the cost of steel production in the late 1800's, though, such as the Bessemer Process and the Oxygen Process, and others not mentioned (e.g. Siemens-Martin regenerative preheating). Still, excellent video, very high quality and production level!

@StellarFireflyGaming-rm2xu Күн бұрын

Edit: Wait, you actually did mention Siemens' Open Hearth Processes. :)