Referring to mass extinctions as a "balance patch" is still my favorite thing about tier zoo.

Wolly Mammoths were still around when they started building the pyramids in Egypt.

"This looks like an armadillo." That's cause they are. Glyptodonts are literally giant armadillos. Tier Zoo has a lot of really cool videos. Hope to see you react to more in the near future!

I really enjoy your videos. Useful, insightful commentary, no long tangents and you even provide references to pique interests. Of course, no obnoxious introductions and everything is kept in context and on subject. You’re a diamond in the rough.

There were social cave bears in Europe, in the Carpathians. In Romania there is a cave where close to 100 bears died when during a storm the entrance caved in and they couldn't get out anymore. They were social animals that lived in packs apparently. A pack of bears is pretty much the most OP build there was.

The local museum here in Daytona Beach, FL has complete skeletons of both the Giant Ground Sloth and Glyptodon. The GGS stands at least 1.5 stories tall and the Glyptodon is like a bowling ball the size of a dinner table. Cool stuff!

Yessss always excited for more Tierzoo reactions. Such an amazing channel with so few people reacting to it lol

Tier Zoo is one of my favorite channels. Patrick Lacey's writing is some of the best on the internet, and his tongue-in-cheek style of expressing everything in gaming terms just works. It's not just a clever conceit. In matters of species' thriving or not, gaming terminology really does capture the "survival of the fittest."

Loved the video! Hearing that old school runescape music will always bring me back to being a kid and exploring that world

Before the colonization on North America, coyotes were only found from the west coast to the Rockies. The great plains was full of wolves and grizzlies making it impassable for the coyotes. Many of the coyotes found in where wolves went extinct are wolf/coyote hybrids making them larger and more dangerous.

Love your channel, such a beautiful combination of eloquent dialogue and insightful commentary. I'm a big fan of the no nonsense introduction and the clear passion you show when learning and also sharing your own knowledge. Every video of yours helps me either refresh my memory or learn new things and i’m very thankful.

It's cool how mammals really came into their own after the big die off blamed/caused by a meteor impact. Using game stats for these animals was fun and worked. Thanks for another great video.

I’ve lived my 71 years in Kentucky, but have done some traveling. I once visited the Brea Tar Pits in California. You would love the giant sloths! And the Saber Tooth Tigers. Love your channel and your intelligence, you are very gifted and well read. My Great Pyrenees Wendell loves you too. Regards from Kentucky 🐎.

I'll be here for a lot of your videos but I will absolutely be here for every tierzoo video; love his shtick, lots of fun

I have read all five of that series. Here’s to hoping that the sixth edition comes before I pass. I love your channel!🖖🏼

Most deer lose their antlers every year, as do reindeer. Reindeer does also have antlers, and they lose them later in the year than the bucks. Only female reindeer still have antlers at Christmas time. Which is why the joke is that all of Santa's reindeer are female. Most of the antlers that are purchased as dog treats are dropped antlers. Another oddity, is that both sides don't drop at the same time, so one side will fall off, and it could be another week before the other side drops. This makes finding matched antlers much rarer, and they command a premium price, as they are used in many folk arts.

You’re very intelligent and beyond beautiful! Also, I gain an abundance of knowledge after every video you react to. Thanks and keep it up Love!❤️

I do appreciate how this video didn't simplify the Irish elk's extinction to "its antlers were too big" like often happens and pointed out the other drawbacks of having huge antlers. For a long time people thought they went extinct because of expanding forests at the end of the ice age that they couldn't navigate with their antlers, but ironically, we now think it might be the opposite--their numbers started declining earlier in the ice age when forests shrank and left them with fewer hiding spots from predators.

Love Zoo tier. His sound edits are always on point

Fun bit of trivia: due to climate changes in the north the habitat for Polar bears and Grizzly bears now overlap. There also ( iirc credible) reports of hybridized bears. No recollection if they were sterile or not.

It is so good to listen to someone with your intelligence I love your videos 😀😀

Oh , I love your way of seeing the world and your eclectic interests too learn about the world. Your a rare jewel of a woman. I look forward to experiencing every single bit of your content. Thank you so much 🖖😉

TierZoo packs info into a fun package, i've been watching their videos for a good while now and i'm sure you'll love most of the videos they have. I have a comedian suggestion for you, one of the best story teller comedians i can think of, Billy Connolly. And i also know you like, lets say.. the ruder kind of humor, he should be right up your ally, and Billy is rude in a very inoffensive way. To get an idea of his style, i'd suggest the "Dwarf on a bus" story, it's short but gives a good idea of how Billy sees the world around him. Ty for your lovely videos, i really enjoy your curiosity and need for knowledge, keep learning and keep asking questions :)

I'd love to see more TierZoo reactions :)

Love your reactions!

i know that you get this a lot, but i really am blown away by your takes. also you are stunning, you look like you're early 20s, but the knowledge you drop and how well studied you are wants me to say early 30s. doesn't matter just keep putting out content and hopefully you'll get big enough to start doing conversations with some these video's creators and i'd love to see you interacting with other studied individuals.

Short-Faced Bear was a genuine menace.

7:05 Perfect note to segue into TierZoo's City Animal Tier List video

I love that you're reading ASOIAF Moqorro is my favorite right now..

Yeah, it's crazy how many people don't know that deer shed their antlers. Elk, moose, and reindeer as well.

love the picture behind you. All the greats.

Yes, the Irish Elk and the Giant Deer are the same species scientifically known as Megaloceros giganteus. I think the reason it was the IRISH elk was because they first found the skeletons of this deer in Ireland, but it spans from Ireland all the way to Siberia in range.

gotta love the intro! barley time to mention who, or what you are watching:D "its in the TITLE!!" :D

Hi love your channel for the variety of content, can I recommend Adam Curtis HyperNormalisation or Can't get you out of my head documentaries a very good spin on post war history

Not only deers loose the antlers every year and regrow them but the number of branches on the antlers are based on the age, even if not always 1 to 1.

One night when I came home it sounded like my neighbors had dogs, and that they were maybe being attacked by coyotes. To help the dogs, I grabbed my hawkbill knife and a hammer from my trunk, one in each hand. I make my way to the neighbors but couldn’t hear commotion or see animals. The next day I find out the neighbors did (still do?) have dogs, but not from them. After the fact it was kinda crazy thinking back on it. Not even so much the readiness to fight coyotes, but going into my neighbors yard with weapons at night. I was in protective mode for the dogs.

Always entertaining and informative!

I would love to see some PBS Eons reacts from you. That channel need some reacts! :D

You’re 100% right about coyotes being so adaptable but they aren’t limited to North America, South America has them as well and other variations exist throughout the world.

Clan of the cave bear. great book, i dont recall how many books in the series but thats the name of the 1st in a line of 4,5 maybe 6 books, worth looking into :)

Malazan: The Book Of The Fallen. A book series you'll love. Erikson use to be an anthropologist. Huge series I reckon you'd love

I was drawn to research the ice age when I was creating a prequel world for a fantasy role playing game that I was running involving lycanthropes of a larger variety than werewolves. The ice age was a fertile ground for my creative urges and made it easy to work out player stats. But, as is often the case, my research turned up so much more of interest that I continued for some time and quite a few books and articles. It's just the way my mind processes I suppose. Thanks for bringing me back to that lost world once again.

I think there are two facts about evolution that sparked my fascination with it, and I think I learned them from either TierZoo or PBS Eons, I don't remember, it was years ago. 1. That virtually all mammalian carnivors are from two branches of the Order, the Cat-Like and Dog-Like carnivors, and you can pretty much tell between them by their snout. For examples, Bears are fairly closely related to wolves. 2. That rhinos are closely related to horses, whereas I'd have previously expected them to be more closely related to elephants, I guess. Evolution, quantum mechanics, linuistics, and relativity are subjects that just regularly blow my mind the deeper I go, especially since the way experts explain them typically is through metaphor and extreme simplification. Every once in a while, something will click based on the explination of several different sources as I'm able to put the metaphors together.

Idk how you take recommendations, but I'd like to recommend a video. I know that most of your videos are science and history based, but this video is more based on human psychology. It's called "Sympathy for the Villan" by EmpLemon. I think you would enjoy it because it highlights how interesting morality is to the human mind and story writing.

zoologist Lindsay Nikole recently did an "iceage iceberg" video that only partly overlaps TierZoo's: kzfaq.info/get/bejne/osCShNp-nb2zhqs.html also geologist GeoGirl has a long playlist on history of the Earth that covers animal evolution as well as rocky stuff: kzfaq.info/sun/PL69bBhmsrgfvxffzspQPyWJtvs20f8v7e this includes the recent iceage under "pleistocene & holocene epochs": kzfaq.info/get/bejne/Y793d5eHyNSvdYU.html Stay Curious!

Antlers have to be regrown every year while horns are typically permanent unless lost.

I like how you feel sorry for the mammoth getting hunted by humans.

I am not a scientist so don’t yell at me if I am wrong, I am basing this on observation. Antlers are made of bone and drop every year and re-grow larger each year. Horns are made of a “hair” covering over “bone” and grow continuous and are similar to finger nails and do not drop, except for pronghorn antelope which drop the outer part and grow new ones for some reason. (maybe there are others I have not observed them all) Crazy nature

Quest for Fire is an excellent Ice Age, Early Human evolution movie that I think youd really like.

First of all your smile is enchanting. I have become an avid watcher of your videos. Secondly, you might try checking out the computer game a RK, survival of the fittest, it put you in a world that’s primitive, and there are dinosaurs and other extinct species that you can tame, and eventually learn to ride, and each one has its attribute to help you such as a pteranodon would allow you to fly. I believe you would enjoy it.

evil laughed at the overwatch kill sound effect lol caught me by surprise , also bears = human death lol

Literary Recommendation..... Dan Flores wrote a super fascinating book about the coyote called Coyote America. A great read.

This has nothing to do with this video, but I don't know where else to request - It would be fascinating to see your reaction to "Ren - Hi Ren". It's a wonderful piece of art, and touches on internal psychological warfare in a very unique way. I think you'd enjoy it! 😊

A lot of coyotes around LA, especially in the foothills. See them everywhere towards the sunset. Many "missing cat/small dog" posters in the area.

This tier zoo speaks gamer for sure. This is cool.

When you think of it, bears today are incredibly versatile. They are huge (the largest land predators), powerful and fast. They can run across rough terrain at high speed. They can climb trees adeptly and fast. They have massive claws. They can eat both vegetation and meat. They are smart. No wonder they are so prevalent. 2/2/23

As per Rudolph the Red Nosed Raindeer, "he" is actually female, male raindeer shed their antlers prior to winter and grow them back in the spring

Great vid! Coyote's range isn't just in North America - look up jackals in Europe, Africa etc. Basically different types of the same sort of creature. Edit - To clarify, jackals and Coyotes aren't the same animal, as the person who commented below said. Rather, they're relatives who fill really similar ecological niches.

also worth noting to anyone who is interested in reading A Song of Ice and Fire but didn't watch Game of Thrones at all (or have seen it but doesn't know much of medieval history) - the majority of storylines core elements are derived directly from a turbulent history of medieval Britain. it is fascinating how similar certain events and their causality both in real life and in fiction can be, and yet present itself in a very different manner depending on the storyteller's point of view. Dire wolves have also been used alongside other house's animals because, with the exception of dragons, all are directly rooted in prehistoric facts as well, maybe a little bit mythicised. For a fantasy series you'd think there would be a lot less elements tying it to the real world history, but perhaps those unconsciously believable connections are what makes the worldbuilding so compelling and attractive for the readers...

11:45 that depends. The past was full of proboscidians, the one we typically think of as 'the Mammoth' in popculture I.e the north American woolly Mammoth was about the same size as an African elephant that's true. But some others were indeed huge like the Steppe Mammoth of Eurasia (mammuthus trogontherii), the Asian straight tusked elephant (palaeoloxodon namadicus) and the Colombian Mammoth (mammuthus columbi), also the Deinocherus but that one lived way before the others.

I happy to see this. You exemplify the saying about the internet. Smart people see it as a tool to expand their learning while stupid see it as entertainment. Thank you NP.

1:52 That click sounds like you're right next to the mic. You must have great acoustics.

Nature is awesome we are learning with you it can teach us so much

I work in Scottsdale, AZ and they stroll through our parking lot at night. To be fair, rabbits are pretty common also. I've never heard of a person or dog even being challenged by a coyote on property.

Hey, do you have a Goodroads account? Would love to see your reviews and recommendations.

Those videos are so good i'm sure even God is sitting down to write "patch notes" for the next meta update....

The idea that humans wiped out all the ice age animals with spears is so absurdly ridiculous. Lmao I'm glad that archaeology is finally being forced to step away from this theory and address the Younger Dryas event.

Was just watching your Al Murray reaction and you said you like dark comedy, I suggest Frankie Boyle. You have the most beautiful smile by the way, kind regards..

This winter has been like an ice age for me. Anyway I see you’re taking book recommendations again, you must of already finished your list. Are you a marathon reader lol?

I have a video suggestion: The Science Behind the Unproblematic Nature of the Capybara by Casual Geographic

Living in WV you should have a fire arm near by because of coyotes. At least where I live. Good video as always.

Can I recommend you to looking into polyphonic overtones if you haven't done so? I think youd get a kick out of that.

This is conjecture, but it is likely true. George R R Martin was a writing professor at Clarke College in my home town of Dubuque, Iowa when he was writing the "Game of Thrones" books. There is a competing Christian College in town called Loras Collage. The joke (for whatever reason) in the late 80's/early 90's was that only homosexuals attended Loras College. Therefore, since George R R Martin was a writing professor at Clarke College he made the character of Loras in the books a homosexual.

Song of ice and fire books were so good!

Huh... You watch tierzoo too? Surprising. You're too awesome.

Oh, they are talking about tiers as in ranks. I was thinking about the German word for animal, which is "Tier". So, TierZoo looks like animal Zoo to me.

Speaking of coyotes.... There is a casual geographic video on coyotes.

Certainly can't speak for everyone, however, I'm definitely game for binging a bunch of Ice Age animal videos lol

I just watched your Rome video! It was awesome! Could you do a reaction to Alexander the Great?

There is a movie called Alpha about a boy and his dog in the Pleistocene.

This video of his is mostly still accurate/not outdated (other than the Megaloceros/Irish elk part, since it's up to 40 kg antlers compared to it's up to 700 kg body weight actually wasn't really disproportionally heavy compared to it's closest living relative the fallow deer, though it's true that it had a too large of a span for forests). His dinosaur tier list is a different story though. Also, to add to your comment, while woolly mammoths (the most famous mammoths) were about the same size as African bush elephants (the average European wooly mammoth is estimated to have been 3.15 m at the shoulder and 6 tonnes in weight, which is ever so slightly shorter and bulkier than the average African bush elephant, which is about 3.2 m tall at the shoulder and 6 tonnes in weight), other mammoths like the Columbian, southern and steppe mammoth were bigger, with the Columbian mammoth having an estimated average weight of 9.5 tonnes, and the southern and steppe mammoth having and estimated adult size of 4 m at the shoulder and a weight of 11 tonnes, with the largest known specimen of the Steppe mammoth having an estimated size of 4.5 m at the shoulder and a weight of 14.3 tonnes.

You must take a look at wanderers(the short film) by Carl Sagan. So much hope in one video.

Since you looked up dire wolves from A Song of Ice and Fire to see if they were real creatures, you might enjoy a similar fantasy creature to paleontology tidbit. There were actually creatures extremely similar to Tolkien's wargs in the past. The hyaenodonts, the largest of which such as Hyaenodon gigas or Simbakubwa kutokaafrika, would have exceeded 800 pounds for the former and potentially more than 1.5 tons for the largest estimates of the latter.

How do you find the motivation to read so much? Were you brought up in an environment where the majority of entertainment was literature? By definition, though I'm not super proud to admit it, I grew up relatively spoiled. That being said, I'd love to invest a little more time reading, but I can never really bring myself to sit down and commit to such a still and silent activity. However, it just seems as though the correlation between intelligence and reading is a well supported one, and I'd love to do as much as I can to ensure that my brain is just as well fed as yours. Please trust me when I say, that I don't mean any of this in a pandering or patronizing way: The intelligence and the personality that you weild while disecting these videos, genuinely makes you one of the most breathtaking women I've ever had the pleasure of listening to. What an angel, they write songs about people like you. If I didn't know any better, I'd say I was in love. You are so perfect ❤ Please do with this what you will, I just wanted you to know that you are an absolute heart breaker ❤ May the sun shine on you forever, even when it isn't ❤☀️

I think you would enjoy akalas talk at Oxford

Try the book and videos of 'Your Inner Fish' by Neil Schubin. Also the book and video of ' Why Evolution is True ' by Jerry A. Coyne ' Amazing stuff.

All deer lose their antlers, that's one of the main differences between antlers and horns. Antlers are shed every year

Antlers are shed, horns are permanent. Easy way to remember it. The only issue I have with blaming humans for the disappearance of all megafauna in North America is that humans were in Africa much longer than anyplace else and in much larger numbers and the megafauna there did just fine (until recently at least but that is another argument). African elephants are a serious threat to humans and I have a hard time imagining Mammoths running like scared cattle from a bunch of humans with pointy sticks and rocks when a single bull elephant in Africa will level a village if it feels threatened and young bulls regularly attack and kill people. These are not dumb animals either. They remember dangerous situations and will avoid them. So they would not make a habit of walking near cliffs if humans were always chucking boulders at them, lol. Unless we have reason to believe mammoths are the dumb gullible cousins of African elephants than it just does not fit the mold of how they would behave. Something else must be at play. Not to mention the giant wooly rhinoceros or Giant Bison, all who would not be a tamer version of their smaller cousins but rather bigger and scarier versions of animals that kill humans. We also have to consider that the American Bison thrived in NA and survived the ice age easily as well as contact with humans while being preyed on as a regular food source by North American natives for at least eight millennia after all the rest of these animals were long gone. While their larger cousin, the giant bison, an animal we know humans hunted because we have found kill sites, died off with all the rest of the megafauna. If humans were such terrifying hunters, hunting everything to extinction, then why did the smaller bison survive for so long after everything else was supposedly killed and eaten by the wasteful human hunters? It just doesn't add up. I am more inclined to think that other factors like climate and environmental change, disease, loss of specialized foods attributed more to the die offs of these animals than human predation. Loss of adequate grazing with the onset of climate change causing drought would affect the food supply of the largest animals first. Considering that we now know humans were in North America much longer than we previously thought and in contact with many of these animals for longer, it seems more likely they were utilizing them as a food source for a long, long, time and not over-hunting them. The megafaunas' final mortal blow may have come at the hands of the humans or not, but only after climate change had doomed them in North America as well as the megafauna in Northern Asia. The rather stable climate in Africa at the time would explain why the megafauna there survived despite the presence of humans.

Here’s something you may like: Tier is the German word for animal, any animal and not just mammals. Zoo comes from the Ancient Greek zoon, meaning animal once again. Isn’t language fun?

My all-time favorite sci-fi / fantasy book series, “The Saga of Pleistocene Exile,” by Julian May is a time travel story. In the past they use chalithere as mounts instead of horses. Bear dogs were also used in place of guard dogs. The series also explains the creation of the Ries-Nordlingen crater in Europe. If you’re interested in Celtic mythology mixed with science fiction, I recommend these four books: The Many Colored Land The Golden Torc The Non-Born King The Adversary If you like these, there are two other series that tie in. The first is called “Intervention.” The Surveillance The Metaconcert Finally, the “Galactic Milieu Trilogy,” Jack The Bodiless Diamond Mask Magnificat My favorite literary figure comes from these novels: Uncle Rogi. These books have Celtic mythology, cool future tech, a galactic civilization and even aliens that adore Scotch whiskey. Oh, and a line of quasi-telepathic Maine-coon cats and a university town bookstore. Okay, I will stop now, but I do love these novels. The only downside is that the timeline is too soon in the future. kzfaq.info/get/bejne/sNKHhcWBsre3kmg.html

PBS Eons is my favorite thing about youtube

Love the Runescape music.

Love me some tier zoo

The Dire Wolf is no longer considered a true Wolf, I believe its called Aenocyon Dirus now?

Suggest you have a look at Brian Cox. I am sure he would interest you with his explanations of science

So there are tons of ice age animals he didn't include. He just used the most commonly known ones.. what about the flying terror, Quetzacoatlus? The giant kangaroos, Procoptodon? The giant elk, Megaloceros? The humongous half giraffe half elephant, Paraceratherium? I call the video cap. It looked like little research was done, or he only included the ones he was personally interested in. If the later is the case, then nevermind. It's all good

It is and its because they found it there first I believe The Elk that is the Earth's Children series is a Neolithic fantasy story I read when I was young its quite famous when I say fantasy its an adventure story but the people are more Native American in style than Neolithic in description and some freedoms have been taken here and there as a kid I thought it mirrored my understanding of the time but maybe I should read it again

Got to love an animal with the latin name of Smilodon Fatalis ...! :) I had no clue ground sloths were of that size and able to be (or were) bipedal. Plus I knew nothing about a few of those critters.

Tara Bird is the Shoebill Stork of today

so, what your saying is.... we need to introduce coyotes to Hawaii. sure , why not. ha ha