Xtra Premium, Speed, Power, V-power, 93 Octane, Speed 97, you have probably heard all these names on your daily trips to the petrol pump. Some of you might pick normal petrol over these because you feel that these are just fancy names for the same and have no real benefits. The rest of you probably regularly use these because you believe that there are positive effects arising from the use of premium fuels that justify their cost. So which one of these contrasting perceptions is correct?
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First, we need to understand the problem for why you need fuels with different octane ratings. Inside the engine, it is always desirable that the fuel burns uniformly and the flame spreads evenly from the top to the bottom. In high-performance engines, the operating conditions are much more extreme compared to a normal engine.
They deal with higher temperatures, higher pressure and higher RPM to name a few. So in such conditions, the case may often occur where the fuel prematurely ignites even before the flame reaches there due to the operating conditions inside. This reaction is often very violent and causes a series of mini explosions inside the combustion chamber. These explosions are heard as knocking or pinging sounds from the engine and hence this process is termed as engine knock.
A prolonged occurrence of engine knocking can cause serious damage to the engine’s inner parts. The piston head, valve head and cylinder sleeve are directly exposed to these explosions and will experience the most damage due to knocking. Indirect damage can reach parts like the crankshaft and manifolds as well.
An important misconception that a lot of people have is that the Octane Number denotes the percentage of octane molecules present in a particular fuel. This is wrong as the Octane Number is only a representative figure of the fuel’s tendency to burn without detonating. As the Octane Number increases, the detonating tendency of the fuel decreases.
The Octane Number affects the activation energy of the fuel. In simple terms, an increase in the octane number will make the fuel require a higher amount of energy before it starts to combust. So even if the side conditions like pressure, temperature are higher, the increased activation energy will make sure that the fuel will only catch fire because of the spark plug and not because of the surrounding conditions.
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