158,962,555,217,826,360,000 (Enigma Machine) - Numberphile

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Numberphile

Numberphile

11 жыл бұрын

The Nazi's Enigma Machine - and the mathematics behind it - was a crucial part of World War II. Flaw video at: • Flaw in the Enigma Cod...
More links & stuff in full description below ↓↓↓
Brown papers on ebay: bit.ly/brownpapers
Dr James Grime demonstrates the machine and discusses its many configurations.
James' "day job" is touring with the Enigma machine - he could even visit you - see more at enigma.maths.org/content/proje...
NUMBERPHILE
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Пікірлер: 4 300
@pornhubhatesme
@pornhubhatesme 4 жыл бұрын
Hitler when he invaded France 0:57
@goldenbear13
@goldenbear13 4 жыл бұрын
😂😂😂
@dalbled8534
@dalbled8534 4 жыл бұрын
YOINK ALL MINE
@dino5550
@dino5550 4 жыл бұрын
Yoink
@theforbiddenfruit2300
@theforbiddenfruit2300 4 жыл бұрын
A rule of the internet should be that you can make any thing in to a meme just because of you
@DzikaFizyka
@DzikaFizyka 4 жыл бұрын
XF
@electricdreamer
@electricdreamer 8 жыл бұрын
As a side note, this machine been there for over 80 years and can still be used. That's German manufacturing quality.
@Atlantis357
@Atlantis357 8 жыл бұрын
german engineering at its finest \[T]/
@panadudeTV
@panadudeTV 8 жыл бұрын
Maybe it's just been restored? They changed the battery compartment so it wouldn't be surprising if they made other fixes.
@Astraphic
@Astraphic 8 жыл бұрын
i guess my cherry board can last 80 years too...
@MultiDeivas
@MultiDeivas 7 жыл бұрын
Please note that this machine isn't very comlpicated and it uses real wires with great connection unlike the PCBs we have now. PCBs are really easy to damage. I'm not surprised that this can survive this long. Computers would last much longer if they were built like this, but they would be too big and inefficient. The only thing in that machine that needed to be replaced or charged was the battery because we didn't have and still don't perpetual motion machines.
@NKP723
@NKP723 7 жыл бұрын
Not to mention how many years it could of sat in that field
@JaredOwen
@JaredOwen 2 жыл бұрын
For a split second I thought that big number was the amount of views that this video had! Either way - impressive video, thanks for posting
@Whateva67
@Whateva67 2 жыл бұрын
That would be impressive, I alone would have had to watch the video at least 147364 times, give or take a couple 😁
@deleted-something
@deleted-something Жыл бұрын
Bro really used lsd
@paulcolburn3855
@paulcolburn3855 9 ай бұрын
that number is almost as big as the US federal debt
@sabbracadabra8367
@sabbracadabra8367 9 ай бұрын
Yea it looks like a Katy Perry video
@SailorGerry
@SailorGerry 25 күн бұрын
​@@sabbracadabra8367 Or a Justin Bieber video... Sad, sad juncture that humanity is at these days.
@1patula
@1patula 4 жыл бұрын
Thank you for bringing up polish, it’s nice being put in such a great context, not many people know we had our part in breaking Enigma code.
@criscrosxxx
@criscrosxxx 4 жыл бұрын
Have you seen " imitation game " it's based on breaking enigma
@Poraqui
@Poraqui 2 жыл бұрын
The Polish, from memory, I believe, also built a decoder machine, but it became outdated as the Germans replaced their enigmas for newer more complex ones.
@stevendebettencourt7651
@stevendebettencourt7651 Жыл бұрын
@@Poraqui The Polish Cypher Bureau did build several Bomba machines to help decrypt Enigma messages. However, the Germans made several changes to how they sent messages in 1939 that basically blew up their efforts. And then Poland got invaded by Germany and the USSR.
@MrConstitutionDay
@MrConstitutionDay 2 ай бұрын
L​@@Poraqui
@SailorGerry
@SailorGerry 25 күн бұрын
Historically, the Polish nation had one of the highest number of mathematicians per capita. This account that their nation had enemies on both their western frontier, Germany (Prussia prior-to 1870), and to the east, Russia. Throughout history, Polish governments nourished the training of talented people in the mathematics of code-breaking, to attempt to ascertain what the intentions were, of their enemies to the east and to the west.
@scarletrobin
@scarletrobin 8 жыл бұрын
It's so fun to watch people talk about things they're passionate about :)
@Dervig
@Dervig 7 жыл бұрын
+Ethan Ho XDD
@fyodorplays6094
@fyodorplays6094 7 жыл бұрын
well trump is passionate about making american lives better but i dont see u voting dude u vote trump now boi ;0
@royakuma4144
@royakuma4144 6 жыл бұрын
scarletrobin you answered my long haunting question of why i selectively listening to different voices with different attention!
@RedCocoon
@RedCocoon 6 жыл бұрын
Like the Germans and Nazis?
@SgtWiking
@SgtWiking 6 жыл бұрын
I was the #666 thumbs up, I now own your soul, have a nice day scarletrobin.( ̄ω ̄)
@p00x39
@p00x39 8 жыл бұрын
the click the machine makes when you press a button is highly satisfying
@waterpkmn
@waterpkmn 8 жыл бұрын
+Poockiy You need Cherry MX Blue
@p00x39
@p00x39 8 жыл бұрын
Yosua Petra I'm using Brown.
@waterpkmn
@waterpkmn 8 жыл бұрын
Buckling spring is the way to go then 😃
@sennheisergutennacht
@sennheisergutennacht 8 жыл бұрын
+Poockiy tactical click before it was cool
@Trynottoblink
@Trynottoblink 8 жыл бұрын
Someone needs to make Enigma machine ASMR.
@trillionairegrindset7175
@trillionairegrindset7175 4 жыл бұрын
Omg he has 3,14 million subscribers and his profile picture is π
@carlsagan4129
@carlsagan4129 4 жыл бұрын
Omg stop subscribing now !
@AWGERSS
@AWGERSS 4 жыл бұрын
balanced like everything should be
@rabih1978
@rabih1978 4 жыл бұрын
It's a Christmas miracle!!
@rabih1978
@rabih1978 4 жыл бұрын
Was...
@dalbled8534
@dalbled8534 4 жыл бұрын
3.15 pie has changed
@zois1382
@zois1382 5 жыл бұрын
a great thank you to Alan Mathison Turing🇬🇧 and of course to the Polish mathematicians 🇵🇱 from Greece 🇬🇷.
@trillionairegrindset7175
@trillionairegrindset7175 4 жыл бұрын
Zois 13 ναι
@RyanHorseHelmet
@RyanHorseHelmet 6 жыл бұрын
I want a mechanical keyboard with enigma click sounds...
@radhikasudheer
@radhikasudheer 2 жыл бұрын
Me too. Maybe try clipping retro classic switches or maybe do some serious click bar messing on THICC Clicks
@tioa.p.1058
@tioa.p.1058 2 жыл бұрын
EXACTLY!
@rabidbigdog
@rabidbigdog 2 жыл бұрын
IBM Model M keyboard pretty close.
@xXxJokerManxXx
@xXxJokerManxXx 8 жыл бұрын
Interesting how wars can make people invent really unimaginable stuff....
@keithwilson6060
@keithwilson6060 8 жыл бұрын
Yes, the increase prospect of death tends to do that sometimes.
@marcushendriksen8415
@marcushendriksen8415 8 жыл бұрын
War is the mother of invention
@xXxJokerManxXx
@xXxJokerManxXx 8 жыл бұрын
Marcus Hendriksen I think it is "necessity", but yeah war is acceptable too
@kauhanen44
@kauhanen44 7 жыл бұрын
War and laziness are the parents of invention.
@marcushendriksen8415
@marcushendriksen8415 7 жыл бұрын
xXxJokerManxXx Oh wait, yeah you're right! Funny, I always thought it was "war" for some reason xD
@beastygabe
@beastygabe 5 жыл бұрын
0:57 “YOINK, THATS MINE”
@jimgeary
@jimgeary 4 жыл бұрын
Props to him for mentioning the Poles first.
@user-sd6lg8lf5c
@user-sd6lg8lf5c 3 жыл бұрын
Jim Geary Why?
@amramjose
@amramjose 3 жыл бұрын
@@user-sd6lg8lf5c Because the Poles where the first to get their hands on a machine; they took it apart and documented components, settings, etc. Then they built their own simulators called "bombas", mechanical computers; their mathematicians did the foundational work on breaking the code, finally completed in England. The Poles when through tremendous hardship to get this information to the allies.
@user-sd6lg8lf5c
@user-sd6lg8lf5c 3 жыл бұрын
@@amramjose They barely battled though and just got took over. They weren't really big components to the war. It would've looked similar without them.
@xtevetyler5332
@xtevetyler5332 3 жыл бұрын
@@amramjose as my comment above states, you are indeed correct, the Poles began making headway before the start of WW II. The main codebreakers who joined the Polish General Staff’s Cipher Bureau in Warsaw were Jerzy Rozycki, Henryk Zygalski, and Marian Rejewski. (plus the machine less one rotor was actually available to buy commercially some time in 1932 in the danish buisness newspapers as a means to encode private buisness deals and transactions, had the allies noticed this the whole enigma project would have been very different, maybe hitler would have vamped the machine up to another level of complexity as a consequence and the probable solution would have moved even further into an even more infinite improbability of solving, in that case, who knows, thats for a parallel reality world to solve not ours, luckily.) maneuvers
@leepek3575
@leepek3575 3 жыл бұрын
POLAND !
@BillyDrakePianoMan
@BillyDrakePianoMan 8 жыл бұрын
It still blew my mind when he typed the code back in to write Numberphile. That's super cool.
@BlizzyFoxTF
@BlizzyFoxTF 8 жыл бұрын
I watched this vid two years ago. Just now finished watching imitation game and returned to view this a second time
@lukamarkac6706
@lukamarkac6706 7 жыл бұрын
Literally the comment I had intention to write. I guess you decoded me. Absolutely everything is true: watched it two years ago, just watched Imitation game, and returned to this vid just for the sake of it.
@bobocpe
@bobocpe 7 жыл бұрын
This movie lies about Enigma...
@CarlMahnke
@CarlMahnke 7 жыл бұрын
This video is ten times more interesting than the film. The film tells you literally nothing about the enigma and its mysteries.
@lukamarkac6706
@lukamarkac6706 7 жыл бұрын
Carl Mahnke depends what you like seeing. Story developed about this machine fascinates me as much as the machine itself.
@user-qm8jh4wx5f
@user-qm8jh4wx5f 5 жыл бұрын
How about a third time now?It's been 2 years
@GaryIV
@GaryIV 4 жыл бұрын
0:57 Thomas Edison when he met the man who actually invented the lightbulb
@Inaworldoflove
@Inaworldoflove 4 жыл бұрын
I wish I could hit the laughter reaction instead of a thumbs up
@farrellpurba2095
@farrellpurba2095 4 жыл бұрын
What are you implying here?
@GaryIV
@GaryIV 4 жыл бұрын
@@farrellpurba2095 That Thomas Edison didn't invent the lightbulb and took the public credit for it
@micadragonheart6222
@micadragonheart6222 4 жыл бұрын
Creative Nothing I mean like... it’s just a fact at this point yet it isn’t corrected.
@magisterialanubis06
@magisterialanubis06 4 жыл бұрын
You don't know how much I laughed😂🤣🤣
@GaryIV
@GaryIV 4 жыл бұрын
0:57 My landlord when the stimulus check came in
@PovidisII
@PovidisII 4 жыл бұрын
FYGWNB ASISYS WNOKOQ Q (JNO)
@tohtoh529
@tohtoh529 10 жыл бұрын
"Yoink, that's mine" LOL
@werderlork9056
@werderlork9056 6 жыл бұрын
TriHard Clap Jk
@jabir5768
@jabir5768 6 жыл бұрын
for some reason i couldnt stop laughing
@flvyu
@flvyu 8 жыл бұрын
I like this channel because 50 percent the accents of these genius people, 25 percent their high interest in what they do, they are always excited, and 25 percent because it's an interesting channel
@pascalotto5790
@pascalotto5790 4 жыл бұрын
"But there is a flaw... if I press the letter 'k'" --> Guy pressed k and the machine exploded
@Your_choise
@Your_choise 2 жыл бұрын
Why dose this have no comments
@XubodhKhadka
@XubodhKhadka 5 жыл бұрын
My level of intelligence maxed out after 26 × 26 × 26 😅
@olivermccall3898
@olivermccall3898 5 жыл бұрын
@Xtra Spice Mikey 17,576
@moinulislammahin2045
@moinulislammahin2045 4 жыл бұрын
Did factorials but this is too complex
@solomanneil
@solomanneil 4 жыл бұрын
Me too! I just paused because my brain at "we don't care about those 4 letters so we can divide by 6 factorial". :)
@forefatherofmankind3305
@forefatherofmankind3305 4 жыл бұрын
(25x25x25) + (1x1x1) 25³+1³ 17576
@RemotePossibilities1
@RemotePossibilities1 4 жыл бұрын
@@forefatherofmankind3305 25³ = 15625
@andres6868
@andres6868 8 жыл бұрын
For those wanting additional information, in Simon Singh's book "The Code Book", the way the Enigma Machine worked and how it was eventually cracked by the Poles first and by Turing later is very niftily explained
@OtakusRUs2
@OtakusRUs2 9 жыл бұрын
I just got back from watching The Imitation Game, and it's such a fun coincidence that I find this video now. The movie is quite good, I highly recommend it.
@SUCACU
@SUCACU 9 жыл бұрын
Indeed it was !
@chitranchakrabortty
@chitranchakrabortty 9 жыл бұрын
「S」 Cumberbatch's acting was brillian too
@BurningTaco7101
@BurningTaco7101 9 жыл бұрын
I hate Butterchick Cumondick, bad actor.
@JoaoCarlos-pf7ff
@JoaoCarlos-pf7ff 9 жыл бұрын
「S」 The same with me!!! LOL
@HarmonicaMustang
@HarmonicaMustang 9 жыл бұрын
「S」 It is an amazing film, but it's one of those movies that you can watch once. Some scenes are too painful to re-watch.
@SecondMoopzoo
@SecondMoopzoo 5 жыл бұрын
What a lovely man. You can tell his soul is that of a teacher.
@charlescushing1
@charlescushing1 4 ай бұрын
Well-spoken, crystal clear and a delight to watch! I could listen to you for hours. I didn't want the video to end.I watched a few of your others as well!
@speckledhound
@speckledhound 6 жыл бұрын
This is absolutely fascinating, you think you understand the complexity but then seeing the number when the actual math is done is mind blowing. Well done!
@Tylerodenthal
@Tylerodenthal 10 жыл бұрын
That Polish Mathematician was Marian Rejewski, he acted as a spy for a couple years, hid from the Nazi Party, broke the Enigma Machine and after all that lost some of his best Mathematician friends who were trying to escape the war. He is truly an un-song hero, and without him, I am certain we would have lost the war. The more remarkable thing is that there was multiple versions of the enigma machine throughout the war, and Marian and his colleagues broke them all. Tyler Odenthal - ITS Major Did my Cyptologist Research Report on? ----> Marian Rejewski
@piotrbrys8008
@piotrbrys8008 5 жыл бұрын
I am happy to see that at least someone remembers him; the knowledge about these hardworking men should be spread further.
@boozecruiser
@boozecruiser 4 жыл бұрын
How would Germany have won if enigma hadn't been broken???
@XXXTENTAClON227
@XXXTENTAClON227 Жыл бұрын
He broke the machine?? What an asshole! That was for code breaking!!
@ar2rgski
@ar2rgski Жыл бұрын
@@boozecruiser Think... ,, through Enigma, the Allies obtained invaluable information about German military movements
@viktorpe8065
@viktorpe8065 8 ай бұрын
Allies would've won either way.
@LThill-ks2uz
@LThill-ks2uz 5 жыл бұрын
the flaw is, the video runs out before the flaw is revealed
@leen3158
@leen3158 5 жыл бұрын
another enigma
@FriendlyNeighborhoodNitpicker
@FriendlyNeighborhoodNitpicker 5 жыл бұрын
I hate it when they do these partial videos, and then you can’t find the second half because they gave it some different name. Fortunately, the second video, about the flaw, is listed in the show notes. Expand the description and it’s there.
@scottlawson1800
@scottlawson1800 4 жыл бұрын
@@FriendlyNeighborhoodNitpicker ^ Cheers!
@cherrypichick6782
@cherrypichick6782 4 жыл бұрын
The Nazis killed him before he could tell! 😳
@intentionaloffside8934
@intentionaloffside8934 4 жыл бұрын
The flaw is that a letter can never be transcribed as itself.
@peterhodges2866
@peterhodges2866 4 жыл бұрын
This is one of my favorite videos on KZfaq. Thanks.
@gjVAallday
@gjVAallday 6 жыл бұрын
I'm really glad to see that George Weasley found his passion in muggle arithmetic after the war. His ear's looking great too.
@ltshep713
@ltshep713 8 жыл бұрын
Amazing how an online history lesson was able to more effectively and efficiently teach me about factorials and how to solve equations containing such functions than my advanced algebra course in high school.
@ltshep713
@ltshep713 8 жыл бұрын
I like dirt Oh, I was unaware he was a professor. New to the channel. Still, it only took this one short video for me to learn so much.
@MrCrackbear
@MrCrackbear 8 жыл бұрын
+ltshep I easily learn more about science in 20-30 minutes of random videos and wikipedia articles than I do in science class
@anticdisposition5908
@anticdisposition5908 8 жыл бұрын
+ltshep Maybe you should pay more attention in class. I get a perfectly fine education here in America.
@1001011011010
@1001011011010 8 жыл бұрын
Back in high school, I switched schools and for the last two went to a different school. The teachers would literally just tell me to go to Khan Academy or whatever. They couldn't bother to teach it well enough but needed you to look it up later. What's the point of wasting 8 hours a day if you need to learn everything outside the classroom anyway?
@Neonator
@Neonator 7 жыл бұрын
ltshep this made so much sense all of a sudden
@naved705
@naved705 4 жыл бұрын
The guy asked my question bursting from my heart.. Thank you..
@lalaLAX219
@lalaLAX219 Жыл бұрын
This was the best explanation on how this machine works that I’ve seen! Thank you so much
@ChrisBandyJazz
@ChrisBandyJazz 8 жыл бұрын
One more problem: translate from German to English
@BestFilmproducer
@BestFilmproducer 8 жыл бұрын
Smallest problem of all. People like me would have been around back then: Dänish-geborener deutscher mit starkem flair für Sprachen. And so, the translation part would probably take 1/1000 of the time it'd take to break the code.
@davecrupel2817
@davecrupel2817 8 жыл бұрын
+Troy Tribbiani vergib ihm, mein fruend. He is a modern person. lol
@ChrisBandyJazz
@ChrisBandyJazz 8 жыл бұрын
Es ist ein klein Problem lol
@suspiciousdoge9yand104
@suspiciousdoge9yand104 7 жыл бұрын
well even if translating it isn't much of a problem, it still is until you have someone available.
@osmacar5331
@osmacar5331 7 жыл бұрын
Chris Bandy PanzerKamphWagon, armoured battle car, tank
@Urban2037
@Urban2037 6 жыл бұрын
I watched a ton of documentaries and even a movie about the Enigma machine, but this is by far the best explanation I've ever seen. It's very fascinating and interesting. Thank you!
@ZeninmyHelmet
@ZeninmyHelmet 4 жыл бұрын
Wel Numberphile, I must applaud you have done some great work on this video and its part 2, keep u the work bro. U work very hard for your videos that is what makes it so interesting. This is a genuine comment from someone who really appreciates the work you do
@voodoominerman
@voodoominerman 3 жыл бұрын
It actually got even more complex than that, because it was possible to open up the rotors and rewire them, or to simply twist each side of the rotor by a few turns (so pin 1 on the let would match up to pin 3 on the right, for example), so if they ever worked out that we had an enigma machine and were regularly getting our hands on the code sheets, they could just start to rewire all of the machines, making ours useless for a while.
@spinn4ntier487
@spinn4ntier487 7 жыл бұрын
I love digit sequences like '555' appearing in big numbers
@nonamechannl
@nonamechannl Жыл бұрын
Ive been finding a lot of 555s lately,what does it refer to?
@BreadApologist
@BreadApologist 9 жыл бұрын
personally id find this number "158,962,555,217,826,360,000" a lot more fascinating......if it were the balance in my bank account....
@Chaosligend
@Chaosligend 9 жыл бұрын
Liono liony If that were your balance in your bank account you would crash the world economy and a lot of people would die(if you were to spend everything as fast as possible of course). Do you find that fascinating?
@BreadApologist
@BreadApologist 9 жыл бұрын
Chaosligend indeed.........hmm.......so all I need is that much cash......to bring about the end of the world?.......ill start taking donations!
@ColmRooney
@ColmRooney 9 жыл бұрын
Chaosligend couldn't u just share it out equally? no more rich/poor just everyone equals
@Chaosligend
@Chaosligend 9 жыл бұрын
Colm Rooney This is not how it works. You would crash world's economy either way. If you were to share it and to have everyone get the same amount of money, nobody wouldve been poor nor rich. There would be so much money that they would've just become useless. You've seen those pictures of germany after ww1? Their cash was worth, basically, nothing. They used to throw it in the furnace just to warm their house. A slice of bread costed about 2 carts of cash. So, what would happen is that people would drop money as they're not worth anything anymore, they would be worth less than paper that they're made of. People would just go back to the stone age where, the only way you could get grasp of food or items you didn't make yourself was to exchange those items for something equally valuable. As I said, a lot of people, such as lawyers or youtubers, the ones that basically don't make something physical, would die.
@BonelessEar
@BonelessEar 9 жыл бұрын
Chaosligend This is not how it works either. You have to take in account the fact that there are guys who "prints" the money by just pressing a button and the rest has to work (physically or intelectually) to get some. And nowdays you dont even need coinage or money printing to create money - you got numbers inside computers. So money only represents value as long as people do believes it. Only 10% of all amount of money on the world has something to do with real economy - the rest is a sort of whip in modern slavery. Remember Gaddafi's doubt about US$ real value? We all know how he ended up after he refused to accept money for Lybian's oil.
@theduder2617
@theduder2617 5 жыл бұрын
Thank you Numberphile!! For decades I have been trying to make sense of this device. How it functioned remained a mystery. Until now. Other's who explained it never bothered to mention the interconnected circuitry held within the dials. (I couldn't figure out how the correct letters showed up since the device seemed to have a randomness to it) Thank you very much for clarifying this device.
@balajiijjapwar1872
@balajiijjapwar1872 5 жыл бұрын
Thanks a ton for such wonderful explanation🙏.Really loved it!
@jessemcfadden3426
@jessemcfadden3426 8 жыл бұрын
Very friendly and understandable explanation ! Thanks a lot
@edt11x
@edt11x 6 жыл бұрын
That is the clearest description of the Enigma, that I have heard. Very Nice!
@hellsSG
@hellsSG Жыл бұрын
I know i'm like 10 years late on this but the way you are enthusiastic about numbers and the machine in general is just affectuous. Great channel great work :)
@alienlatino2945
@alienlatino2945 5 жыл бұрын
The Americans would use Navajo native indians from Arizona as their human enigma machines in WW2. Navajo indian language is said to be the most complicated in the planet, more than chinese or Inuit. Its impossible to learn and the only way to know it is by learning it from birth from your parents. Each american division would take a navajo indian with them and they would speak with each other by radio, each translating into english the navajo radio calls. The japanese and the germans were never able to decipher the language. In the navajo language there are 160 ways to describe "little" or "small" just to give you an example how complicated it is.
@if6was929
@if6was929 5 жыл бұрын
@James Marcus you can't just claim it as false unless you explain why, at least not if you want to be taken seriously.
@cheetoschrist5685
@cheetoschrist5685 5 жыл бұрын
Germans: *invent incredibly complex machine that is near indecypherable* USA: lets just speak another language lol
@firstlast4379
@firstlast4379 5 жыл бұрын
Sounds interesting. Any sources for the claims? OP and James?
@ratedRblazin420
@ratedRblazin420 3 жыл бұрын
There's a movie on it. It's called Windtalkers
@jameson1239
@jameson1239 Жыл бұрын
@@firstlast4379 you can look up Navajo code talkers
@jbyeats
@jbyeats 9 жыл бұрын
Dear Dr Turing , WE want to thank you for your enormous contribution & for your work relating to breaking the German Military codes & to acknowledge your unique input into developing the very first computer. Now -- this won't hurt at all -- Dr Turing. - We just want to CHEMICALLY CASTRATE you. You won't feel a thing.
@baseballmaniac999
@baseballmaniac999 9 жыл бұрын
Breaking the Enigma Machine was a government-held secret. No one except the british secret services knew the code was broken. So for the british autorities, Mr. Turing was a simple military mathematician who was homosexual, and at that time, it was illegal. At least there was an official public apology towards Alan Turing in 2009 and in 2013, the Queen granted him with a posthumous pardon. Only sad thing is he wasn't alive anymore
@jbyeats
@jbyeats 9 жыл бұрын
The Poles originally broke the basic German Enigma code in 1933. In 1939 they handed their mathematical formulae to the Brits who realized its importance to them -- should they go to war with Germany. Breaking the CODE was NOT or EVER the PROBLEM . The problem was BREAKING IT FAST ENOUGH so that the information contained within the message would be of some use. All that changed with the arrival of Dr Alan Turing -- who managed to develop a MECHANICAL COMPUTER which speeded up the decryption process to within about 30 - 40 minutes. Turing was worth his weight in GOLD to the Brits. The only reason these hypocrites acknowledged his huge value was because of MODERN DAY PUBLIC OPINIUON and the people who WORKED AT BLETCHLEY PARK ---- OPENLY SPEAKING OUT. Otherwise Dr Turing & his superb contribution would have been conveniently forgotten. A bit like Diana -- Princess of Wales & the attitude of the ROYALS towards her. A typical case of BRITISH HYPOCRISY.
@muhamadhamdy6576
@muhamadhamdy6576 9 жыл бұрын
jbyeats loooooooooooooooooool omg thats hilarious.
@larsss7359
@larsss7359 9 жыл бұрын
BOVEK Music Imitation Game movie
@Wizardofgosz
@Wizardofgosz 9 жыл бұрын
jbyeats Thank you for mentioning the Poles. Without Marjan Rejewski and his two colleagues, Turing has nothing to work with. I have no idea if he had done any early theoretical work in cracking the cipher, but the Poles did, and they typically get NO CREDIT. As a Pole this has angered me for years. :-)
@combatking0
@combatking0 8 жыл бұрын
It would be interesting to build this in software and expand it to 8 rotors with 1024 contacts.
@AryVinicius
@AryVinicius 8 жыл бұрын
+Combat King 0 i was thinking about it, and i'm trying to write some algorithms. I dont know if already exists on the web. but i'll try
@combatking0
@combatking0 8 жыл бұрын
Since 8-bit bytes have 256 values and we're working with 1024 values, we could take 5 bytes from a file at a time and divide the bits into 4 groups of 10. That'll give us 4 10-bit numbers which we can put through the algorithm. Once the 10-bit numbers have been encrypted, we split the bits back into 5 groups of 8 and then store the bytes in a new file.
@Embattled5211
@Embattled5211 8 жыл бұрын
+Combat King 0 got anywhere? This seems very interesting.
@combatking0
@combatking0 8 жыл бұрын
I might as well come clean - I've already written the program. It's a bit buggy and fails if there are any read only files involved, but I can fix these problems with enough time. Also it only works under Windows as I don't have any Linx / Mac OS / iOS / Android coding experience, but if you look for a program called Zero Encrypter 4 it does exactly what I've described.
@chrisherrick2397
@chrisherrick2397 8 жыл бұрын
+Combat King 0 Where's the code posted?
@steepens
@steepens 4 жыл бұрын
I learned so much from this video. There was a version of the Enigma used for the German Navy that had 8 total rotors (select 3), a fourth rotor, a settable reflector, and the rings on the rotors could be rotated to change the wiring for each letter. Additionally, the rotors could be placed in any order. How do these details change the total number of configurations? Great video I learned a bunch! Thank you!
@ralphedelbach
@ralphedelbach Жыл бұрын
Based on what I read, the fourth rotor was to the left of the other three and did not move automatically as the message was encrypted or decrypted on different machines. It could however be manual rotated/set into different positions but naturally had to be identical on each machine. Its design was also different that the other three and could not be interchanged with them.
@elr1833
@elr1833 4 жыл бұрын
The manufacturer: "Don't press K it is the flaw" The army: "KAPUTT ALLIES" The Polish: "Got them"
@EntergeticalakaBot
@EntergeticalakaBot 3 жыл бұрын
K just pauses my video
@edward_grabczewski
@edward_grabczewski 3 жыл бұрын
Brilliant demonstration. The only one I've seen that convicingly shows how it was used :-)
@KillmanPit
@KillmanPit 9 жыл бұрын
Thank you very much for mentioning Polish mathematicians. After the war British goverment was hiding accomplishments of Polish people (battle of London, breaking Enigma, Monte Casino Battle, etc.) in order to make Stalin (Soviet Union) happier (which was taking control over Poland). It was after 1980s when this data was unclassified but still many Europeans do not know. Propaganda worked. So once again. Thank you very much in the name of all Polish modern mathematicians (And sorry for bad English)
@acadianalien
@acadianalien 9 жыл бұрын
I did not know that, I wonder if there any Mathematicians from other countries whose work went unappreciated during the war.
@divermike8943
@divermike8943 2 жыл бұрын
This answers my question of why the plugboard. And this is the only video I've seen so far that answers that. Also the issue of coordinating the settings with the codes sheets and how those were secured. Kudos.
@Anthony-gq7dk
@Anthony-gq7dk 2 жыл бұрын
amazing video and so well explained too, bravo , superteacher.
@LeszekEm
@LeszekEm 4 жыл бұрын
thanks for mentioning Poland :)
@MrSpasticdancer
@MrSpasticdancer 4 жыл бұрын
you always do your sums by hand and it intimidates me
@sean..L
@sean..L 4 жыл бұрын
I think this is the one most easily under understandable numberphile videos there are.
@samwarren6008
@samwarren6008 4 жыл бұрын
If I lived in the UK I would like to go to the University of Cambridge just because James works there.
@rcv0
@rcv0 3 жыл бұрын
Possibly not anymore
@Morriepl
@Morriepl 4 жыл бұрын
Actually, Polish intelligence read Enigma code for years, before giving the solution to France and Britain in early 1939 - three Polish mathematicians - Rejewski, Różycki and Zygalski cracked it in 1932 and even created the machine, called "bomb", that was able to crack the daily code. Afterwards. it was easy for British to read the code during the war and work on it further.
@raghavendraraghu4988
@raghavendraraghu4988 4 жыл бұрын
First time ever simple explanation about a complex machine thanks
@Footprints1111
@Footprints1111 8 ай бұрын
This is so fascinating and also makes no sense to me. You are an incredible teacher though, and a joy to listen to! 🤩💕✨
@vksasdgaming9472
@vksasdgaming9472 9 жыл бұрын
Every security system or cipher used by humans has one, fundamental flaw: human operator. That fact broke Enigma's very efficient code. Enigma wasn't perfect, but its users were the real flaw in its operation.
@wahtur711
@wahtur711 4 жыл бұрын
3.14million subscribers!!
@numberphile
@numberphile 4 жыл бұрын
kzfaq.info/get/bejne/lcWFn7Ch1cC-l6c.html
@leslieblake9
@leslieblake9 5 жыл бұрын
I love maths. But at school, I didn't. It's extremely satisfying how he takes complex problems and makes them seem easy! If only there were more early education teachers who explained mathematics as eloquently and succinctly as he does, we would have more students progressing into STEM fields. Love this KZfaq channel.
@SkifSwarogich
@SkifSwarogich 4 жыл бұрын
Very simply and cool! You told perfect about encryption and Enigma!
@kidz2398
@kidz2398 9 жыл бұрын
As Alan Turing's partner said. "159 Million Million Million possibilities."
@morphling470
@morphling470 10 жыл бұрын
The Nazis ripped off the Enigma from Dota 2.
@pk7685
@pk7685 9 жыл бұрын
How dare !!
@NomadUrpagi
@NomadUrpagi 6 жыл бұрын
imran876339 hahaha made me crack up. But fock ya mate
@James-wg8mn
@James-wg8mn 2 жыл бұрын
Amazing! The number is monumental!
@CocaColaIceBear
@CocaColaIceBear 5 жыл бұрын
Your Enigma only has 3 rotors. German Navy used 4 or 5 and later upgraded to 6; they called it "Triton Key".
@TomFowkes
@TomFowkes 7 жыл бұрын
never press the letter k i guess
@logan.putnam
@logan.putnam 7 жыл бұрын
?
@MeownaMeow
@MeownaMeow 5 жыл бұрын
Hahaha
@vedant9634
@vedant9634 4 жыл бұрын
Damn that movie 'The Imitation Games' didn't cover this part!
@rehab_herr
@rehab_herr 4 жыл бұрын
which part? and did you pay attention?
@hxhdfjifzirstc894
@hxhdfjifzirstc894 3 жыл бұрын
They went a little thin on the story.
@izzyr9590
@izzyr9590 3 жыл бұрын
Yeh I was super confused what’s going on. But I guess that would make the movie too technical
@davidhernandez9275
@davidhernandez9275 2 жыл бұрын
It is so cool to see him so passionate about this topic! And this is such a great example on how to teach math. Storytelling and case studies. Just beautiful!
@donramonramirez5141
@donramonramirez5141 Жыл бұрын
Excelente exposición, profesor 👋👋👋🇦🇷
@adammullarkey4996
@adammullarkey4996 4 жыл бұрын
1:00 You're a cryptographer, wandering through a French field, and you happen to come across the single most well known cryptographic device ever. What else are you going to do with it? Leave it for a cow to choke on?
@polarisraven5613
@polarisraven5613 3 жыл бұрын
I'd imagine this could have been some sort of a legal excuse as to how they got it so they could legally hold onto it following the war?
@adammullarkey4996
@adammullarkey4996 3 жыл бұрын
@@polarisraven5613 Because "spoils of war" isn't a legal argument?
@juliuszkocinski7478
@juliuszkocinski7478 2 жыл бұрын
@@adammullarkey4996 "legal" doesn't always mean something you can be proud of
@staringgasmask
@staringgasmask 2 жыл бұрын
@@juliuszkocinski7478 and lying is?
@FrankDad
@FrankDad 4 жыл бұрын
5:15 The kriegsmaine had 4 rotors on their machines instead of 3, that is why it was so important to get a naval enigma machine from a u-boat
@nancykemler5028
@nancykemler5028 4 жыл бұрын
Thank you for explaining a complicated machine and the man behind that was more intelligent and complicated.
@mimik5856
@mimik5856 5 жыл бұрын
Fascinating. And presented by a young smart Johnny rotten too
@reeepingk
@reeepingk 8 жыл бұрын
The Germans also had weird rules like numbers beside each other can't be switched. A can't be B etc. That'd bring the number down a bit. Also the German Navy had 8 rotors instead of 5. If you're interested in learning more I recommend you read "The Code Book" by the owner of the above enigma machine, Simon Singh. Also "The Imitation Game" movie has a pretty decent portrayal of what happened.
@unsignedmusic
@unsignedmusic 9 жыл бұрын
The sign on the machine says to only use light bulbs with a diameter of 17 millimeters..
@iamwaffling5123
@iamwaffling5123 5 жыл бұрын
I saw you in London talking about the same enigma machine
@asd36f
@asd36f 5 жыл бұрын
The Powerhouse Museum in Sydney has an Enigma machine, and 20 odd years I was able to visit the storage area and have a closer look at it - as a WW2 buff, it was a great thrill!
@zbigniewkisielinski9841
@zbigniewkisielinski9841 4 жыл бұрын
you have to do it again
@casperf0x400
@casperf0x400 4 жыл бұрын
"That's an extra level of scrambling only available to the military" i love that
@oz_jones
@oz_jones 4 жыл бұрын
Yeah, it's usually how things go. Civilian GPS isn't as accurate as the military, but it's close enough.
@christianaustin782
@christianaustin782 8 жыл бұрын
Not hugely important for the purposes of the video, but the German military had a standard for the plugboards to where letters adjacent to each other couldn't be allowed to be swapped, ie you could not swap W with Q or E on the plugboard, and in all honesty that would probably significantly diminish the number of plugboard settings
@vimalmys2003
@vimalmys2003 3 жыл бұрын
Well explained sir
@mikeock2087
@mikeock2087 6 жыл бұрын
what a cliffhanger thank you for linking part 2
@gladosthegiant5761
@gladosthegiant5761 5 жыл бұрын
The enigma is my personal favority cipher, I like your explanation of the stastics of how secure the enigma is, It also compounds further as the roters can be re-wired, and their were varients of the enigma that had upto 7 rotors, and used from 2 rotors to 4 rotors at a time. One question though, your enigma's rotors are numbers, the original enigmas used A-Z to indicate rotor positions is this a modification to yours?
@Gareth1892000
@Gareth1892000 2 жыл бұрын
The cryptography world used alphabetic rotation as standard before WWII, but then the standard change to numeral rotation after then.
@unwono
@unwono 4 жыл бұрын
00:57 i can't stop laughing
@KlaxontheImpailr
@KlaxontheImpailr 2 жыл бұрын
One of my favorite book series is the ring of Fire by Eric Flint, about whole towns getting sent back in time. There’s one where a cruise ship gets sent back to Ancient Greece, I’d love to see the locals try to wrap their heads around enigma.
@BlueyChandler
@BlueyChandler 2 жыл бұрын
Great device and explanation, a lot of it went straight over my Turret though.
@Robi2009
@Robi2009 8 жыл бұрын
0:40 - Simon Singh? Isn't that the one from Numberphile, talking about Simpson's and Futurama maths?
@breakabridge18
@breakabridge18 8 жыл бұрын
Yes it is!
@mohamedibrahim489
@mohamedibrahim489 8 жыл бұрын
النغثخي عتياسشنينتةميوتية مينيتىي
@hannescamitz8575
@hannescamitz8575 8 жыл бұрын
The Enigma is obviously the perfect evidence that you should never scorn simplicity.
@richardayre4316
@richardayre4316 3 жыл бұрын
Very interesting. great video..
@Applecompuser
@Applecompuser 3 жыл бұрын
This was the clearest explanation I have heard. How did they transmit the three digit rotor code?
@aquawoelfly
@aquawoelfly 10 жыл бұрын
Wouldn't it be set in german? Which has a silly looking "beta" sign for a letter.
@naybobdenod
@naybobdenod 7 жыл бұрын
GOT IT, its all crystal clear now :)
@MrGarageDrums
@MrGarageDrums Жыл бұрын
Great video! I watched it multiple times to learn how the machine works. I have a single question: After selecting 3 of the 5 rotors, should we also consider the possible combinations to order them in the proper sequence? This will add a 4th factor equal to 3 x 2 x 1 = 6? The number is already huge anyway.
@kieunguyen-yf5hc
@kieunguyen-yf5hc 4 жыл бұрын
Fascinating video.
@illuderebeliarh1260
@illuderebeliarh1260 9 жыл бұрын
Bulb, such a beautiful word.
@iss9875
@iss9875 Жыл бұрын
Yet again whoever talks about Enigma conveniently omits 3 polish cryptographers: Rejewski, Zygalski and Różycki. Without them Alan Touring, whom I admire very much, would probably not know where to begin.
@gabrielletedara2662
@gabrielletedara2662 2 жыл бұрын
Thanks for shearing
@russnixon6020
@russnixon6020 4 жыл бұрын
Have you forgotten the "ringstellung" or rotor offset that changes the motion of the next rotor relative to the motion of the slower? Also, the "umkerwalz" or reflector rotor. As I understand it, according to signal plan, changing at midnight CET every day, the rotor selection, the selected rotors position, the ringstellung were set and the message key, which was the rotor starting positions and the plugboard. was changed for each message. The starting position was transmitted at the beginning of each message, using a defauly starting position.
@prajwaljm4207
@prajwaljm4207 3 жыл бұрын
Let's salute to Alan Turing and his team for breaking the Code. Legend for a reason
@przemyslawbak
@przemyslawbak 2 жыл бұрын
The first mathematicians who broke the Enigma were Polish mathematicians: Marian Rejewski, Henryk Zygalski and Jerzy Różycki
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