So this video is very different then most of my videos, rather than showing how to do something, i talk about why something happens. Do you guys like the format? Is my presentation technique okay? A lot of times, expaining why something is requires a very different style and approach then showing how to do something. On a different note, this video had a funny origin: I was originally just trying to demonstrate dissolving platinum with electricity. Then during the video i answered why it worked with hydrochloric acid, but not sulfuric. Then i realized people would ask why it wouldn't work with nitric acid, and answered that. Then i anticipated that people would ask whether it would work with gold. Eventually, the whole video morphed into this long lesson about how all the acids interact in aqua regia. So i changed it from "dissolve platinum with electricity" to "How does aqua regia dissolve gold and platinum"
@piranha031091 Жыл бұрын
I do like that new format! ^^
@SwegRhino Жыл бұрын
As an incoming graduate student in chemistry, I love any explanations videos provide! I still clearly remember your explanation of ortho/para directing effects and hyper conjunction from your p-toluene sulfonic acid video when I was an undergraduate. Hope you do more of these!
@manickn6819 Жыл бұрын
Thanks. I have wondered this for ages since I learnt about aqua regia in school may moons ago.
@jonhu4127 Жыл бұрын
This is a really fascinating dive into why the chemistry works. I like it. Also, these kinds of teaching videos probably don't require a full lab but might help you fund the acquisition of the space and tools you need to get a new one set up. Sounds like a win-win to me
@redmadness265 Жыл бұрын
How to's do sound nice
@antozon5070 Жыл бұрын
In Germany, even at the university level, it is still being taught that the chlorine in aqua regia is in a 'nascent state' and that's why it can dissolve gold - same thing with hydrogen and dissolving-metal reductions. It's so frustrating to be taught a theory over a hundred years out of date! Even on wikipedia the english article states it is an obsolete theory while the german article acts as though it's still totally accurate. Thank you for correctly explaining the real reason in this video.
@borttorbbq2556 Жыл бұрын
Yeah unfortunately the academic Community can sometimes be a little bit slow on the pickup. Sometimes they're quick sometimes it is agonizingly slow.
@SuperAngelofglory Жыл бұрын
surprisingly, the Wikipedia page in Romanian gives the correct explanation (I say surprisingly because here changes happen a lot slower than on the German pages most often)
@stefangadshijew1682 Жыл бұрын
This indeed surprises me a lot, isn't it clearly stated in Jander Blasius that it's the complexing action of chloride ions? I learned it like that around 2005, so this is definitely not new information in german academia.
@Halal_Dan Жыл бұрын
Free college moment
@user-rg9xd9mu5r11 ай бұрын
Be ze change you want to zee in ze vorld.
@theCodyReeder Жыл бұрын
Great video!
@rawhamburgerjoe Жыл бұрын
Wooot! Hi Cody.
@IceBergGeo Жыл бұрын
Glad to see you're still around, Codydon!
@Pain-pr4rw Жыл бұрын
Here I am thinking that one of my favorite niche channels has put out a video, only to realize it can’t be niche if Cody is watching it.
@IceBergGeo Жыл бұрын
@@Pain-pr4rw with ¾ of a million followers, he's not that niche... ;)
@idothings6685 Жыл бұрын
@@Pain-pr4rw yeah man 800K subs, this guy is so niche.
@lithiumlight6128 Жыл бұрын
Babe wake up, NurdRage's dropped another video.
@csn583 Жыл бұрын
Tell me you have nothing to add to the conversation without telling me:
@JinMori07_ Жыл бұрын
@@csn583 who hurt you lmfao
@cxpKSip Жыл бұрын
But babe, it is midnight.
@ZozManGamer Жыл бұрын
I watch him since 2011
@jeffthechef69 Жыл бұрын
Oh my God I knew about this guy a decade ago I never knew he was still making videos thank you for existing still
@baylog9679 Жыл бұрын
I used to watch these videos like every day when I was in highschool back when you were making glow sticks and Nuka cola bottles and I completely forgot about this channel but it's really good to see you're still making videos to educate people and show them how cool chemistry actually is
@Osirus1972 Жыл бұрын
I am sitting in an assay lab at a palladium mine watching this video. I have samples digesting right now using aqau regia. Nice to now know how it all comes together. Great video. Cheers!
@markbell9742 Жыл бұрын
Thanks: A couple of years ago while working on my Wife's car (a used car) I found a mans gold band ring under the carpet. 'So go to the Pawn Shop; NO!' I reacted it with Aqua Regia and made a few grams of chloroauric acid, did several HCl boilings to get rid of the nitric acid and vacuum dried it. Now I have some nice canary yellow crystal. How can life be any better, Cheers, Mark PS: Keep plugging
@edgeeffect Жыл бұрын
That's the best way to obtain expensive reagents... find them. :)
@markbell9742 Жыл бұрын
@@edgeeffect Yeah-Boy ! The ring had no particular meaning to me, but I love the crystals of chloroauric acid that come from it. Now if I can just figure out how to convert brass to, . . . . never mined! Cheers, Mark
@Turbochargedtwelve Жыл бұрын
The mechanisms are quite fascinating, ive always found it easier to remember why something is than just the fact. Understanding is the best way to learn.
@MuzikBike Жыл бұрын
One demonstration I'd like to see is gold in aqua regia compared with silver in aqua regia. Given how aqua regia attacks gold, despite it being particularly un reactive, it'd be easy to assume that it'd react with silver even more violently, but that ultimately isn't the case due to the presence of chloride. It'd be another fun demo of chemistry's rock-paper-scissors nature.
@computercat8694 Жыл бұрын
Hi
@EddSjo Жыл бұрын
@@computercat8694 shut
@computercat8694 Жыл бұрын
@@EddSjo No u
@jannovak6987 Жыл бұрын
me too, please @NurdRage consider making a video of aqua regia on gold vs silver comparison
@yourfuneral Жыл бұрын
I like the -ditailed walk through the thought process of answering the question in developing steps- structure of the video, and the visual presentation of consequences of statements. I enganged in the video and learned something.
@maxog1 Жыл бұрын
I would love to see NurdRage Collab with NileRed one day. The chemical chaos the world needs.
@lethal2453 Жыл бұрын
Would have been nice to also hear about Mercury, and it's ability to eat gold, and then be able to distil off the Mercury.
@tinker-neer Жыл бұрын
Welcome back, hope your life stabilised and you will find joy in sharing projects with us again!
@gabrielbr1459 Жыл бұрын
3:00 "we also would be dead" that me laugh surprisinglytoo much.
@stormrunner0029 Жыл бұрын
Have a good New Year NurdRage. I’ve been checking out screetips, refining his old jewelry. Like your mind reader. Cheers.
@redneckchemist6506 Жыл бұрын
Great video. You can actually use the Nernst Equation (E=E°-(RT/nF)lnQ) and a simple table of reduction potentials for the two reactions you show at 0:56 to calculate what concentrations of HCl and HNO3 are required to dissolve platinum and gold. At even somewhat dilute (less than 1M) concentrations, it becomes non-spontaneous.
@masongauthier1998 Жыл бұрын
Almost can’t believe I’ve been watching your videos for a decade now and there still perfect
@gvii Жыл бұрын
That was actually very interesting. Always wondered why Aqua Regia could do what the individual ingredients alone could not, but apparently couldn't be bothered to get off my butt to actually look into why. And I have to admit, it is a little painful watching those precious metals being dissolved. I know it's a small matter for you to get them back. But it is still a little painful to watch, especially these days. Lol...
@18thtimelucky Жыл бұрын
What a coincidence on the timing of this video! I want to electroplate a copper ring with platinum as I go about constructing a ring for my partner of 6 years. I have a few grams of platinum metal and a little aqua regia, so not enough to really experiment and figure it out myself. I thought that if I dissolve the platinum with aqua regia to make chloroplatinic acid, and then electrolyse the solution with a carbon anode and copper ring cathode, then the chloroplatinic acid should plate the copper ring with platinum. But if the aqua regia dissolves platinum it would surely dissolve the copper ring during the electrolysis... so a higher pH would probably be needed but... this is where my chemical knowledge on electroplating ends. If you NurdRage or anyone else has knowledge on this or could link me to an article (I have done quite a bit of googling to no avail) you would be awesome.
@vandahm Жыл бұрын
This is the best science channel on KZfaq. I'm glad to see you back again!
@AndreLourencoIVB Жыл бұрын
So happy you are not gone! Been a while since last time KZfaq recommended me a video of yours.
@lowerclasswarfare Жыл бұрын
This format is great. I'd be completely happy to watch more like this.
@scraptactics2993 Жыл бұрын
The format is great and presentation is perfect!👍
@TAR3N Жыл бұрын
We missed you. Hoping 2023 is successful for you and your channel with hopefully plenty of new videos ! Could you make a oleum video. I spent a small fortune a few months ago on oleum and would be interested in seeing you find an efficient way to make it in the lab .
@NurdRage Жыл бұрын
Making small amounts of Oleum is not too hard for the amateur. but what do you need it for? It's viciously reactive and dangerous so i like to couple it with a use so it doesn't seem like i'm needlessly endangering life.
@Palmit_ Жыл бұрын
@@NurdRage i can't comment on the subject, i odnt know what it is lol. but simply a two or more part video?. up to the consumer to mix the parts.??
@EdwardTriesToScience Жыл бұрын
there are actually quite a few methods of oleum preparation in the lab, the most common being the dehydration of sulfuric acid with P2O5 to first form SO3 which is then dissolved in sulfuric acid, but it is costly due to the P2O5, a method which has been proven to work as well, and not on the difficulty of decomposing sodium pyrosulfate is using polyphosphoric acid prepared by boiling phosphoric acid for an hour, but the issue is that it eats your glassware and the phosphoric acid needs to be heated very strongly to have any dehydrating effect, this is something I have been trying to solve but I just could not get it right
@RaExpIn Жыл бұрын
@@NurdRage I used it to make iodine cations, which is quite interesting. And it can be used to make chlorosulfonic acid, which violently reacts with organic matter. Nevertheless, I get the point of "What's a good or reasonable use of it?"...
@stefangadshijew1682 Жыл бұрын
@@NurdRage Sulfonating electron-rich aromatic compounds should be a legitimate use. You could get pyridin-3-sulfonic acid with oleum at 320 °C , which I suggest nobody should do in their home lab. EDIT: Apparently, catalytic mercury(II)-sulfate makes this reaction less thermally and more toxically dangerous. I'm reasonably sure that there are some water soluble coloring agents that are accesible by sulfonation with oleum. If you have any interest in actually persuing this, I could look some procedures up. Oleum is quite interestingly dangerous. Have some ancient oleum around at work, I think I'll never have a need for it in my life.
@hopeforescape884 Жыл бұрын
Hurray! He is back! Happy new year!
@andrewfleenor7459 Жыл бұрын
Near the end I was almost sure you were going to bring up hydrofluoric acid instead of hydrobromic. I'm wondering if that would work, too, assuming the container held up.
@sargon6000 Жыл бұрын
Doesn't HF tend to passivate some metals?
@stefangadshijew1682 Жыл бұрын
@@sargon6000 HF passivates a lot of metals, but gold should actually yield soluble complexes. No expert on it though.
@Grak70 Жыл бұрын
YES. Welcome back! We missed you!
@indeedItdoes Жыл бұрын
Great video. Nice to see you back. I really like this format,
@AsmodeusMictian Жыл бұрын
Loving both formats, honestly. Thanks a lot, it's always a good day when you upload new content :)
@PhantomLife Жыл бұрын
Wow, My Curiosity, answered in thorough detail. Including some of the Alternate sources that can be used.
@Hexserviciotecnico Жыл бұрын
Hi Nurd!!! super interensting, thanks for explain the process with the reactions, your videos are one motivation for me. Happy new year from Argentina!
@SharpAssKnittingNeedles Жыл бұрын
Holy shit so glad to see you uploading! Been subscribed since chem 101 five years ago, and now I've passed swimmingly up through pchem. Your videos have inspired me to thoroughly study the material and also to buy enough glassware that the fbi is prolly watching me 😅 many thanks for keeping this channel going and cheers to the future 🍻
@SharpAssKnittingNeedles Жыл бұрын
Soxhelet extractor gang represent!
@dracrichards5785 Жыл бұрын
Love your chemistry videos man. Please do more videos
@berrieds Жыл бұрын
I will drop everything to watch NileRed, Explosion and Fire, and your videos. I hope you know how grateful we all are 😊
@aga5897 Жыл бұрын
Great to see Nurdy bouncing Chemistry around again ! Nice one. It's a Good Day when there's a new NurdRage video ;)
@insector2 Жыл бұрын
Just watched the cooled icecubes in liquid nitrogen. Was happy to see store still going!
@ncktbs Жыл бұрын
ok the electricity bit was new for me so thanks
@excinerus Жыл бұрын
I haven't got a Nurdrage recommendation in like 4 years !
@greenefieldmann3014 Жыл бұрын
"The ultimate oxidant: Electricity!"
@Dominik9283 Жыл бұрын
Nice video! I was also successfull dissolving gold using a mixture of 31% HCl and only 12% H202. Worked just as fine, just had to be heated a lot.
@sciencefusion5352 Жыл бұрын
Happy to follow you for more than 10 years 😃
@chargeo1 Жыл бұрын
"We would also be dead" I absolutely lost it
@grebulocities8225 Жыл бұрын
You hit the nail on the head with this - to dissolve a noble metal, you need an oxidizer and a complexing agent. Interestingly acidic conditions aren't required - the most common leaching solution in gold mining is a slightly alkaline solution of cyanide (strong complexing agent) with atmospheric oxygen bubbled in as the oxidant, dissolving the gold to form gold(I) cyanide. To reduce the toxicity for home experiments, thiosulfate or thiourea can also be used in place of cyanide. These are all much slower than aqua regia, but it works given enough patience.
@DogsaladSalad Жыл бұрын
Haven't been notified of your uploads unfortunately even though I'm subbed and got the bell on. Good to see you're still around!
@markshort9098 Жыл бұрын
Nurdrage uploaded, it truly is a happy new year
@SpecialEDy Жыл бұрын
Wait, when did NerdRage come back!
@Isolanporzellator Жыл бұрын
Hadn't really thought about it before, but it makes sense that complexation would play a big role in driving the reaction forward. This makes me wonder if it would be possible to dissolve noble metals using electricity in solutions of strong chelating agents, like EDTA or DOTA. Crown Thioethers might be even better, heavy metals tend to really like binding to sulfur.
@jackingwads7513 Жыл бұрын
Welcome back again I really enjoy the yearly visits from you
@epicname1549 Жыл бұрын
So glad you are back!!!!
@morgansinclair6318 Жыл бұрын
I've been wondering this since I read about aqua regia in a set of encyclopedias we had as a kid, Compton's. Thank you!
@niclikescakes Жыл бұрын
God, stop the world from spinning for a sec... NurdRage just uploaded and I need to focus.
@edgeeffect Жыл бұрын
KZfaq changed forever the day we first heard "Greetings, fellow nurds"
@9daywonda Жыл бұрын
Back to your best I feel, have a great new year.
@chakritsasorn Жыл бұрын
Well welcome back!! Long time no see!!!
@Hermes3xGreat Жыл бұрын
I audibly gasped when you chucked a 1oz bar of platinum into beaker. Just more than $1000 getting chemically dissolved, no biggie.
@ludoviclemaignen9432 Жыл бұрын
The fact the products of the reaction are more stable than the reactants does not imply the reaction will occur if the activation energy is high. That's the difference between thermodynamic and kinetic control of the reaction.
@raygiordano1045 Жыл бұрын
I used to use Hexachloroplatinic acid hexahydrate to make the catalyst for curing silicon polymers via vinyl-hydride bonds, so this video was extra interesting. There'd be about $250,000 (in 1990's dollars) swirling around in pot when I made that stuff, so I would brood over the reaction like a hen on her eggs. The unreacted chemical was orange and would clump into jelly-belly sized and shaped lumps. If I didn't know any better, I'd try to eat one.
@christopherleubner6633 Жыл бұрын
Forbidden every flavor jelly beans 😅
@Sunone134 ай бұрын
Beautiful explanation.
@thatpyroguy6741 Жыл бұрын
the goat is finally back
@lightdark00 Жыл бұрын
CodysLab made a great explanation of this in Minecraft.
@danbhakta Жыл бұрын
OMG...he's back!!!!!!
@austint.6627 Жыл бұрын
Awesome very thorough and much appreciated!!😇
@mrfoodarama Жыл бұрын
Great to see you! Hope you have a Happy & Healthy New Year !
@masacatior Жыл бұрын
H2O2 is a common substitute for HNO3 in gold refining
@MadScientist267 Жыл бұрын
Really appreciate the effort and detail. Great video.
@weldmaster80 Жыл бұрын
One oxidizes the other is able to dissolve the oxide, right?
@toomuchdebt5669 Жыл бұрын
Yup. The ntirc oxidizes then the chloride ion put it into solution. Tag team reaction.
@xjunkxyrdxdog89 Жыл бұрын
Your uploads may be rare, but I still get excited to see them in my feed. Quality over quantity.
@ARandomTroll Жыл бұрын
Very good explanation. I hope you do more like this. Also, speaking of chlorates and the promised part 2: I read, that industrially, they bubble Cl2 through hot Hydroxide, making ClO- which disproportionates into ClO3-. Could a divided setup like this enable the more efficient reaction without PH control? Could it also allow for less demanding electrolysis conditions or skipping the electrolysis outright in favor of pool chemicals?
@JoshStLouis314 Жыл бұрын
Now @Cody'sLab is going to extract the trace platinum from 5lbs of commercially produced chlorate.
@schoktra Жыл бұрын
Yo, you made me think of a couple interesting questions: if we were on a planet with a chlorine atmosphere what metals would be precious there? Would anything not precious here suddenly become precious there?
@msdmathssousdopamine8630 Жыл бұрын
Thank you. Happy new year.
@user-ql6dt3rr9c Жыл бұрын
So, shouldn't in theory oxygen gas bubbled in a concentrated hydrochloric acid solution be a good oxidising agent for the dissolution of gold/platinum ?
@Noughtta Жыл бұрын
Loving the new format!
@mnap89 Жыл бұрын
Is there a way to dissolve other Platinum group metals - for example Iridium or Ruthenium?
@borttorbbq2556 Жыл бұрын
Another nerd rage video fuck yeah. Good to see you back bro hope you're doing all right.
@borttorbbq2556 Жыл бұрын
If I recall correctly it is not that difficult to oxidize these metals the problem is that these oxides are not really reactive with with most but these oxides can be reactive with other compounds which can strip them off essentially which exposes more new metal so essentially as long as one of the acids can oxidize the metal and the other can react with either byproducts or that oxide layer it can react and strip that material off but of course I'm not a chemist and I have the most rudimentary understanding of chemistry so I'm probably wrong but this is me before watching this so I'm just kind of curious to see how close I am I don't know the exact reactions obviously but is the basic idea at least rights I will see. I'm stoned so I'm sorry for my ramble I live in Washington it's legal here
@borttorbbq2556 Жыл бұрын
Not really
@CHIROTHECA Жыл бұрын
YES! THE MAN THE MYTH THE LEGEND IS BACK!
@Dewey_the_25U Жыл бұрын
Holy shit, the man lives yet!!
@PeterPete Жыл бұрын
01:07 I'd disagree - a gold panner claimed on his video that HCL will dissolve gold but it'll take some time. Imo oxygen is a catalyst that helps speed up the rate of dissolution/decomposition. HCl will dissolve gold on its own but it will take time that you won't give to it. It's clear the chlorine is required to dissolve gold. They even use chlorine to clean the gold bars during their manufacture.
@kolinpauli5862 Жыл бұрын
Hydrofluoric acid dissolves gold and platinum too, maybe it's related to the halogen group? Would be interesting to see an experiment with hydrobromic and maybe even hydroiodic acid
@alanribeiro4504 Жыл бұрын
I had this doubt too.
@nagi603 Жыл бұрын
Thanks for uploading this video after pondering on it. :)
@mquevedob Жыл бұрын
Would you be interested in showing fractional destillatiom of wood and plastic tar ?
@twocvbloke Жыл бұрын
It's funny, people see gold as some precious metal that must absolutely cost lots of money, but the rest of us see it as a yellow metal that is useful for so many things rather than just wearing it... :P
@KainYusanagi Жыл бұрын
The funniest thing about that is that jewelry with gold and platinum came about to literally wear your wealth, so you're not just carrying around massive amounts of heavy coin in an easily-stolen (by comparison) purse.
@137bob3d Жыл бұрын
ec 30 2022 a very welcome vid' for diving into how and why of the reactions that occur at the molecular level. this understanding is in line with what i am trying to learn w/ NP and RP chromatography. this vid' will be re-viewed many more times. as an aside , ... at Boeing , plant 2 , south of Seattle my long ago job had me take samples of a gold-plating solution for PCB's. when the advisor showed me what to do he mentioned in passing not to breathe the visible gray fumes that arose on adding a base reagent to the solution. somehow i remembered that gold is soluble in a cyanide solution. once it ppt'd and dried it was weighed. and with this data the plating solution gold conc' could be determined. now i live in colorado and just 22 miles north via a 'gold - belt' road is Cripple Creek where modern methods using a spray of cyanide solution is in use to recover the gold missed out by methods used in the 1890's the original assay lab / office is still there on display to visit and fathom the lab work it took to get an answer.
@SciGuy700 Жыл бұрын
I have seen some people here in india using sodium chloride and Nitric acid mix with some amount of H2SO4 to form complex I think here the NaCl act as Chloride source and the mix is able to form complexes ! Can you go or we go with exact process ?
@theuglynovember Жыл бұрын
SUPER GOOD. Great topic, interesting, obvious question that goes unask.
@okboomer6201 Жыл бұрын
What would be the reaction, if any, with 100% liquid chlorine (pressurized) and gold or platinum?
@NurdRage Жыл бұрын
At high temperature it will definitely react. I think you can even "burn" the metals in chlorine under the right conditions. But i'm not sure how far it'll go at cold temperatures. It's a good question.
@toomuchdebt5669 Жыл бұрын
Canadian royal mint uses chlorine gas to get the 9999 fine gold.
@TheJMaXx Жыл бұрын
This was a great video, thanks for the information and examples.
@laurdy Жыл бұрын
I always thought there was an equilibrium reaction between Au + HNO3 and Au(NO3)3 that strongly favoured Au and that HCl drove the reaction towards completion by reacting with Au(NO3)3 to form AuCl3 that was complexed away as HAuCl4
@garycard1456 Жыл бұрын
Maybe perchloric acid would work? It is an acid with oxidising properties, after all.
@Hobbychemiefreak Жыл бұрын
Does H2O2 work as an oxidizing agent? Or HF as a complexing agent?
@sdspivey Жыл бұрын
"If we lived on a world with a chlorine atmosphere..." "...we'd be dead." A bit of a catch-22.
@RNG-999 Жыл бұрын
Casually dissolves $1000 of Platinum
@OwlTech333 Жыл бұрын
Would love to see I/I2 action on platinum
@keepmehumblelord7 ай бұрын
NurdRage please do a video on rhodium salts converted into rhodium metal……..🙏
@dantefernandez2455 Жыл бұрын
Try it with hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid. Wonder if it would be more or less vigorous.
@michaeldomansky8497 Жыл бұрын
Glad to see you’re okay!
@whatthefunction9140 Жыл бұрын
For a sec I thought this was sreetips but it's only nurdrage