Thanks for watching everyone! Also, a quick error-correction: in the video, I mention the number is $43 trillion. Patnaik has estimated the true number at $45 trillion. Of course, there is much scholarly debate on this matter.

The sad part is the most of the British people don't want to accept this fact

This reminds me of a quote I read a little while ago. ‘Studying history will sometimes disturb you. Studying history will sometimes upset you. Studying history will sometimes make you furious. If studying history always makes you feel proud and happy, you probably aren’t studying history.’

As an Indonesian myself, we do lost a lot from VOC and Dutch Colonization, even we colonized two times longer than India. But we are recovering together my brothers and sisters. The moment when i saw the news that you guys landing on the moon for the first time, i'm tearing feel proud of y'all 🥺 Warm greetings from Indonesia 🙌🏼 🇮🇩🤝🇮🇳

Nigerian here, and totally not hating on a generation that wasn't involved in the crippling acts perpetrated by their predecessors. Hopefully India and all the other countries that were brutalized by the Great powers of old can recover from all the inhumane treatments they received. Thank you for spreading the awareness ❤

The fact that yesterday India arrived to the moon first than the UK is incredible, congratulations from Mexico 🇲🇽🤝🏻🇮🇳 the future is bright

To all the fello Indians here, remeber this, and I've always said: "we are not developing, we are recovering". the center of the economic earth.

As a British Person, its Strange how we were never taught this in school history

Fun Fact: British left India kinda "willingly" because *India no longer had any value* and War struck Britain was losing more on it.

Growing up in England, it's amazing to see the differences between what we're taught in school about the industrial revolution and the shocking reality of where the money and raw materials came from.

The famine was a result of the British forcing Indian farmers to grow cash crops such as hemp, cotton tobacco indigo ink tea and so and not edible food crops. The lack of food crop production was a result of the heavy handed taxation. Farmers could not generate enough revenue by selling food crops and had to cultivate cash crops to pay the draconian taxes.

This is disgusting. I hope India can recover from the disgrace that has been imposed by the greedy british and become once again a global superpower. Much love from Brazil 🇧🇷❤️🇮🇳

Along with Nazi atrocities, crimes committd by colonial rulers should be taught in all the countries including former colonial powers so that current generation is aware of history and take lessons to evolve as better human beings and societies.

And when Churchill was informed about the devastation of the famine, his one comment was : " How come Gandhi is not dead yet?" He wrote this in the margins of the report on the famine. Excellent report. Thank you.

In British primary schools they like to teach about post-Roman Britain and the Tudors, and in Secondary school it's pretty much all about WWI and WW2 with strict focus on Europe. The Colonial Era is skipped out completely.

Looting over 43trillions dollars is not joke...😢as a indain...we are facing in this generation ..that effect..done by british raj..

And the Queen carries the biggest diamond in her crown stolen from India.

It's brutal. The French also forced Vietnamese farmers to grow cash crops, which led to a shortage of food and the deaths of an estimated 2 million people.

This channel know more about India than most Indians. Its monumental suffering endured by our people at the hands of British

I think the point at the end stating India hasn't had a single large scale famine in 70 years kind of ignores the inventions of Norman borlaug (GMO wheat) and Haber and Bosch (artificial fertilizer) that helped prevent famines all over the world. That being said the video is well done and was very illuminating.

The level of evil is astonishing. Even we in Europe who never had power were used like that, but India is truly something else entirely. The whole history regarding the west’s exploitation of India and China is horrific and should be condemned by all countries, including those who caused them.

I grew up in Canada. Im speechless in regards to this video. India is covered a multiple points in our school curriculum, and the gist of what we're taught is "India conducted peaceful protests against the British under mahatma ghandi, and as a result the British pulled out, taking all of their industry with them which resulted in the impoverishment of the Indian people, taking decades to very slowly get a semblance of what they once had". There is absolutely nothing about the mass planned genocide, crippling taxes, and overly aggressive extraction of resources to the point of when they had pulled what little industry was left, was simply the tip of the iceberg

As someone from Ireland, it’s difficult to think of the obscene wealth of London, the British royal family, and aristocracy gained directly or indirectly from the exploitation of other countries and not feel resentful at times, especially as so many of these countries are still recovering from British invasion while many Britons continue to benefit.

People in the UK today celebrate their aristocrats like Winston Churchill, by building statues of them without educating themselves of the real history and at the same time say that the common people had nothing to do with the colonial empire goes to show their ignorance. There are also some people that try to defend the empire by saying they brought with them the gift of civilisation and saved these colonies from becoming lands of savages, if it is so, why cry now over immigration if colonialism had such a positive effect? These “savages” are coming to you now, bless them with the gift of civilisation.

I think the biggest damage the Brits did is dividing the Indians based on cast system and ingrained the colonialism in the minds of Indians to an extend where they are stuck at where they are and can't move on.

This video made me tear up imagining what my forefathers would have gone through. I’m proud to be an Indian. India is a rising Phoenix from ashes. We will rise back to the top and I will see it in my lifetime.

This makes me truly so sad. My Nanna was born in India in 1934 to a British soldier who met her mother (my great grandmother) as a catholic Indian. They all returned to England together to have a better life, which is why I was eventually born in England. I visited India in 2019 after my Nanna passed away and it was like going home in so many ways. Even now it is a beautiful country with the kindest people you could possibly meet. I wish one day India will fully thrive once again 🙏

as a filipino whos been colonized by spanish,american and japanese, we felt great sympathy to what happened in India. this is much worse for just 200 years compared to Philippines’ over 400 years

Thanks for the concise, well researched and well structured presentation.

I cried watching this, my grandfather was born during colonial rule and told me how as a kid he experienced extreme impoverishment, his father(my grandpa) was a weaver and because of the brits he left weaving(because he was trapped in debt and it took everything to repay it)and became a cultivator, they had to pay exorbitantly high taxes and at one time they had to sell all jewelleries and valuables they had to pay taxes, entire gangetic plain region became the poorest region of India after goras left it.

Thanks! The British do not teach this in schools nor they have the humility to acknowledge the crimes they did. This is an eye-opener for young Brits.

I think the Irish are going to agree with me on this one. During the British rule, a total of 31 famines struck the 'Indians'. The most detrimental was the Great Famine of Bengal (1943). Almost 4 million people died in that famine. There were more dead bodies than there were people alive, and those who were alive looked like a living skeleton. This was the case of Bengalis. The Prime Minister of the UK denied that it was a the fault of the British, instead he blamed the Indians for all the mishap and called Indian rascals. Churchill, till his last breath, denied that the adversity was a product of the misadministration.

Im in shock. Disgusting. It's ridiculous how people can stoop down this low. Thank you for the video. Great break down, visuals and narration. Wonderful work!

Its crazy that Indians are still alive and thriving. For every Indian alive it is crazy to think what their forefathers had to go through for it to be possible for them to be alive.

It's heartbreaking to see my country was robbed for centuries like this

The fact that breaks me is that when they migrated to the UK in 1970’s , they were greeted with upmost hostility and racism

These Pirates got the Chinese addicted to Opium

As an Indian who's forefathers were brought to South Africa by the British in 1860 to work on the sugar cane Fields this truly makes me sad, angry and all other emotion's

Thanks for making this well researched video. It might interest your viewers to know that UK barely teaches about colonialism in its schools even today. 10th grade students dont learn even a single paragraph about it.

KARMA NEVER FORGIVES ANYONE

The Hindus and Sikhs have endured and persevered so much.

Bharat is not just country is a civilization 🇮🇳 I’m so happy for this nation, god bless you from Mexico 🇲🇽…Viva bharat

Keep these videos coming, The day is near where we will see India in its past glory. These videos will help heal people from the colonial mindset which is still a reality. We need to stick and work together regardless of our cast, religion or any deference and that dream will be a reality soon. Jai Hind

As a British person, I can honestly say I feel guilty for the colonialism of England and wish good health and happiness the people of India.

Love ur videos..keep making more🙏🏻👍🏻👍🏻Make one comparison before and after Mughal empire on various aspects like economy, manufacturing, cultural etc

The Indian subcontinent will rise again, stronger than ever. We still have the blood of those brilliant people in our veins. I'm a Bangladeshi and I believe in the resurrection of the glory in this region.

I'm not Indian and I was seething through my teeth watching this video!!! Just pure evil... I hope the Indian people will heal and rise again with love and peace

At least India is getting back together and improving

Great documentary! Thanks for putting this together. Really appreciate your hard work!

As an Indian, this brought tears to my eyes. Many unspeakable things were done, no doubt! But our spirit has not and can not be broken.

As someone who lives in England as of now, its shocking to see how the country just shoves its past under the rug

Unbelievable. Thank you for creating and sharing vital history. Shameful how many people dont know and dont care

Its just a matter of time guys .. india will shine once again as it used to.

As a Sri Lankan, I can reasonably say that it is a matter of time that India regains its former glory and this time.... there is no turning back.

Philippines will always be a friend with India ❤️ 🇵🇭🇮🇳

This is excellent. Any chance you can add transcript and links to research? I can't believe I never knew much of this.

As an Indian this video make me very angry and sad. We will be no 1 again till 2050 so that no country can do this to another. And everyone born on earth can live in peace and harmony

Geuinly hope India can recover and become even richer than before, I'm british and have known quite a few Indian people they are kind and don't hold a grudge which i appreciate, big respect to there country!

India should Forgive but never forget, our ancestors held this land for 5000 years and our culture is still living and it’s the duty of current generation of Indians to make sure the culture and country can rise again.

Down with the bloody monarchy!!!! , ✊🏽✊🏽✊🏽✊🏽✊🏽✊🏽✊🏽✊🏽✊🏽✊🏽✊🏽✊🏽✊🏽

As a History student that is about to report about "British Rule and The Indian Economy" this video surely helped me a lot. And it really breaks my heart knowing this dark history of India.

2:24 As an Indian I loved the way he referred India as “she/her” 🇮🇳

The worst part is the amount of effort that so many British put into maintaining the lie that India was always like that. They have the audacity to imply the Indians should be grateful.

The UK is in steep decline from Brexit.

@Odd Compass, Thankyou so much for making this video.

There is a story that is commonly told in Britain that the colonisation of India - as horrible as it may have been - was not of any major economic benefit to Britain itself. If anything, the administration of India was a cost to Britain. So the fact that the empire was sustained for so long - the story goes - was a gesture of Britain’s benevolence. New research by the renowned economist Utsa Patnaik - just published by Columbia University Press - deals a crushing blow to this narrative. Drawing on nearly two centuries of detailed data on tax and trade, Patnaik calculated that Britain drained a total of nearly $45 trillion from India during the period 1765 to 1938. It’s a staggering sum. For perspective, $45 trillion is 17 times more than the total annual gross domestic product of the United Kingdom today. How did this come about? It happened through the trade system. Prior to the colonial period, Britain bought goods like textiles and rice from Indian producers and paid for them in the normal way - mostly with silver - as they did with any other country. But something changed in 1765, shortly after the East India Company took control of the subcontinent and established a monopoly over Indian trade. Here’s how it worked. The East India Company began collecting taxes in India, and then cleverly used a portion of those revenues (about a third) to fund the purchase of Indian goods for British use. In other words, instead of paying for Indian goods out of their own pocket, British traders acquired them for free, “buying” from peasants and weavers using money that had just been taken from them. It was a scam - theft on a grand scale. Yet most Indians were unaware of what was going on because the agent who collected the taxes was not the same as the one who showed up to buy their goods. Had it been the same person, they surely would have smelled a rat. Some of the stolen goods were consumed in Britain, and the rest were re-exported elsewhere. The re-export system allowed Britain to finance a flow of imports from Europe, including strategic materials like iron, tar and timber, which were essential to Britain’s industrialisation. Indeed, the Industrial Revolution depended in large part on this systematic theft from India. On top of this, the British were able to sell the stolen goods to other countries for much more than they “bought” them for in the first place, pocketing not only 100 percent of the original value of the goods but also the markup. After the British Raj took over in 1858, colonisers added a special new twist to the tax-and-buy system. As the East India Company’s monopoly broke down, Indian producers were allowed to export their goods directly to other countries. But Britain made sure that the payments for those goods nonetheless ended up in London. How did this work? Basically, anyone who wanted to buy goods from India would do so using special Council Bills - a unique paper currency issued only by the British Crown. And the only way to get those bills was to buy them from London with gold or silver. So traders would pay London in gold to get the bills, and then use the bills to pay Indian producers. When Indians cashed the bills in at the local colonial office, they were “paid” in rupees out of tax revenues - money that had just been collected from them. So, once again, they were not in fact paid at all; they were defrauded. Meanwhile, London ended up with all of the gold and silver that should have gone directly to the Indians in exchange for their exports. This corrupt system meant that even while India was running an impressive trade surplus with the rest of the world - a surplus that lasted for three decades in the early 20th century - it showed up as a deficit in the national accounts because the real income from India’s exports was appropriated in its entirety by Britain. Some point to this fictional “deficit” as evidence that India was a liability to Britain. But exactly the opposite is true. Britain intercepted enormous quantities of income that rightly belonged to Indian producers. India was the goose that laid the golden egg. Meanwhile, the “deficit” meant that India had no option but to borrow from Britain to finance its imports. So the entire Indian population was forced into completely unnecessary debt to their colonial overlords, further cementing British control. Britain used the windfall from this fraudulent system to fuel the engines of imperial violence - funding the invasion of China in the 1840s and the suppression of the Indian Rebellion in 1857. And this was on top of what the Crown took directly from Indian taxpayers to pay for its wars. As Patnaik points out, “the cost of all Britain’s wars of conquest outside Indian borders were charged always wholly or mainly to Indian revenues.” And that’s not all. Britain used this flow of tribute from India to finance the expansion of capitalism in Europe and regions of European settlement, like Canada and Australia. So not only the industrialisation of Britain but also the industrialisation of much of the Western world was facilitated by extraction from the colonies. Patnaik identifies four distinct economic periods in colonial India from 1765 to 1938, calculates the extraction for each, and then compounds at a modest rate of interest (about 5 percent, which is lower than the market rate) from the middle of each period to the present. Adding it all up, she finds that the total drain amounts to $44.6 trillion. This figure is conservative, she says, and does not include the debts that Britain imposed on India during the Raj. These are eye-watering sums. But the true costs of this drain cannot be calculated. If India had been able to invest its own tax revenues and foreign exchange earnings in development - as Japan did - there’s no telling how history might have turned out differently. India could very well have become an economic powerhouse. Centuries of poverty and suffering could have been prevented. All of this is a sobering antidote to the rosy narrative promoted by certain powerful voices in Britain. The conservative historian Niall Ferguson has claimed that British rule helped “develop” India. While he was prime minister, David Cameron asserted that British rule was a net help to India. This narrative has found considerable traction in the popular imagination: according to a 2014 YouGov poll, 50 percent of people in Britain believe that colonialism was beneficial to the colonies. Yet during the entire 200-year history of British rule in India, there was almost no increase in per capita income. In fact, during the last half of the 19th century - the heyday of British intervention - income in India collapsed by half. The average life expectancy of Indians dropped by a fifth from 1870 to 1920. Tens of millions died needlessly of policy-induced famine. Britain didn’t develop India. Quite the contrary - as Patnaik’s work makes clear - India developed Britain. What does this require of Britain today? An apology? Absolutely. Reparations? Perhaps - although there is not enough money in all of Britain to cover the sums that Patnaik identifies. In the meantime, we can start by setting the story straight. We need to recognise that Britain retained control of India not out of benevolence but for the sake of plunder and that Britain’s industrial rise didn’t emerge sui generis from the steam engine and strong institutions, as our schoolbooks would have it, but depended on violent theft from other lands and other peoples.

@OddCompass , please provide references in description, thanks.

I never knew about India being so successful back in history 😮

As an Indian, this made me so angry and sad. Life for modern Indians is unbelievably unfair and cruel.

Greetings from Germany. Decades ago I drank a beer at evening sitting on the veranda of the 'Civil And Military Hotel' in India. For an hour I truly felt like one of those sahib gentlemen of old times. Without the loot and plunder.

We are still thriving claiming what is ours maybe one thing at a time. Reclaiming all that was taken from us, rebuilding whatever was destroyed from our holy land, bringing our ancient marvels, our awesome ancient and Vedic knowledge to the world stage. It will take time to rebuild the Great Bharat once again.But we are working on it. Thankyou for this video. As I always say "long live the agreat Bharat"

Thank you. Even as a theatre academic aware of 99% of the above, it's always shocking to hear it again. You've done an excellent job presenting and compressing the basic maths that affected the millions of lives, that suffered as well as were lost, to the British Colonial Project. One has to remember Britain's policy globally during their 'empire' days: the complete genocides on several continents; and ask, was that what they were attempting in India too.

Watching this on Indian independence day and me being an Indian feel bad for all my ancestors who suffered British oppression 😭

Western media are saying that Indians should learn more about holocaust due to recent Bollywood controversy. But I bet they will not even accept about this genocide in India. Even I did not know till now that soo people died in my country under their rule. 😞

Extremely moving and disturbing. I wonder how so many Indians aspire to live in the UK after all.

YOU'VE GOT TO DO THIS FOR A VIDEO ON ANCIENT EGYPT WEALTH and how is was divided also! SUBBED BTW LOVE THE CONTENT!! MAKE MORE VIDEOS!

Thanks As an Indian I am shocked that the history which we were tought as a kid and history which each and every kid in Indian Street knows is not known to the world in its original version !!! Its shocking to see now a days, when Britishers keep their spirit high thinking they have done good by colonising country . This video is doing justice to the country after seventy six years of independence. World is amazing place 🙏

According to Pliny , the Roman historian , India used to export almost 59 items to Rome that include textiles , spices , leather products , ivory , perfumes , precious stones , wild animals etc . In turn , India used to import from Rome only 4 items ie gold , silver , tin and glass . Pliny also wrote that Rome had a huge trade deficit with India , and that was the main reason for the downfall of the Roman Empire .

After watching this video, I can see that Africa isn’t the only continent that has been mercilessly exploited. So sad. 😢

Hail India! Making the greatest come back! Excited to invest and watch you grow back into your true potential

Last year, we were in the observation deck of the Top of the World building at New York City, where we met an old British couple. Casually, we started chatting. we came to know that both of them worked as government officials in an island which was a British colony until recently, and then they asked about us, we said we are from India. They specifically wanted to know which part of India, we said Bengal and it seems they know about the place and they exclaimed. After these small chats, just before leaving, the old man said, "I would like to apologize on behalf of my country for what we did to India" There was genuine apology in his eyes, and we were spell bound...we did not know how to react, because these is something we never expected to ever happen to us. I could just manage to say, "Thank you, I appreciate". But the impact of what just happened within a few minutes is beyond my capacity to express! So, yes, even they know what they did, just that there are very few people like that old man who has the courage to accept it.

This video literally made me cry. I have heard stories of my forefathers eating in gold and silver plates but when british Left india our family didn't even had a roof on their heads

Best and honest video. Really admire.

Its sad but what was done was done. India will ne great again, it takes time and patience but India will get there❤ Jai Hind

It’s crazy for me to think that my grandmother was alive when India was still in British control.

One of the contributing factors to the longevity of ships produced in historical India was the utilization of teak wood, while furniture was crafted from materials like teak and Indian rosewood.

Did you consult Dalrymple’s book Anarchy about the East India Company?

Great India respect from Japan. and Chandra Bose. Chandra Bose's tomb is located in Tokyo. He cooperated with the Japanese Empire and worked hard for the independence of Asian countries.🇮🇳🇯🇵

This is eye opening. I had no idea this is how economic history played out in India. Can you do a follow up on how the British managed to keep India under their control for so long? Were there any significant revolts that came up during the colonial period?

Not just for India and the entire subcontinent, but for the unheard (i.e. ignored) voices of the Global South - Thank you.

Prof. Tirthankar Roy notes economic results of the last half century of British administration in India: "Percentage increase in selected Indian economic indicators, 1891-1938 Real value of exports 29% Real value of imports 32% Real national income per capita 29% Population 36% Real national income 80% Area of cultivated land 84% Railway mileage per capita 116% Acreage irrigated 137% Factory employment 448% Real value of bank deposits 531% Coal production 1318%" - Roy, Economic History [of India], pp. 218f. And following the outlawing of suttee widow burning in 1829: "No native of India, or any natural-born subject of His Majesty, shall be disabled from holding any place, office, or employment by reason of his religion, place of birth, descent, or colour." - Charter of the East India Company 1833

I am glad that you showed the actual map of India which most of the western people don't know about. Thanks

Our history shows the price of being economically rich but militarily poor. Military power is the basis of lasting prosperity

The effects of British colonialism have been reduced to a few main events in the eyes of mainstream discourse. I appreciate this video for going in-depth and covering the lesser known effects. As we currently see, once India reasserts itself and begins to recover from colonial hangover, it is able to recapture its position as one of the world's largest economies even from the clutches of former colonial masters.

Well composed video..👏🏼🔥

I like your style. Please make Videos on international history and not just India... Thx for the video

I'm not Indian, but when I hear one saying that colonization had good sides it boils my blood - this video should be mandatory for students both in India (so they stop saying stupid things) and in UK - to once and for all prove Brits where "their" wealth came from

Until 1000 AD, India had an incredibly prosperous economy constituting to around 33% worlds GDP or 1/3 of the whole world.

I rewatch this video once in a while to remember the injustices we endured. I will keep sharing it with the next generation to ensure they understand the significance of our history and the struggles we faced. As Indians, there's a tendency to forgive our oppressors and hold them to high standards based on the color of their skin, but it's important that we don't allow forgiveness to overshadow remembrance. We must learn from the past and strive to create a better future.

Damn! This is eye opening. Thanks. Similar to what most colonial empires did to the original owners of the land.