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Parmenides was born around 515 BC, predating Socrates by some 36 years. He is considered among the most important of the pre-Socratic philosophers. Plato felt such a need to respond to Parmenides that he wrote an entire dialogue featuring the man while nearer our time, Martin Heidegger cites Parmenides as an influence. Referring to the ancient Greek philosophers, Gerd Van Riel writes that “all later philosophers will have to cope with the logic and conclusions of Parmenides.”
Most of Parmenides’s writing has been lost though we still have 154 lines of his poetical work, On Nature. Like many of the thinkers in those early days of philosophy, he tries to understand nature, that is, the world around them, so On Nature is a common title for philosophical works.
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