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This Technicolor film, produced by the U.S. Steel Corporation, opens with a panoramic view of steel mills (:28). They rely on iron ore (:48), high-grade coke baked from bituminous coal and limestone (:49). The first step in producing steel is to make iron in the blast furnace (1:38), where raw materials are loaded into skip cars (1:48-2:00). Inside the furnace, chemical reactions occur (2:31). An animation is shown (2:42-3:32) of the lime combining with impurities in the ore and coke to form slag. Periodically, this waste material is removed (3:30). The separated molten white hot iron is released into an insulted transfer car (3:46-4:12), where it is taken to a steel-making furnaces (4:18). The transfer car pours the liquid metal (4:24-4:35) into a ladle, which is taken to the open hearth furnace (4:37). To begin this process, a charging machine loads limestone, iron ore, and steel scrap into the furnace (4:45) first, followed by a pour from the ladle (5:06). In the control room, a wall of gauges is consulted to make sure the process is on track (5:17). Slag separates from the steel (5:50). The temperature is taken (6:43). At the rear of the furnace is a tapping hole used (7:15) to blow out the plug. The wire from the charge is connected to a battery (7:28) and detonated (7:45), releasing the white-hot steel (7:50). Adding chromium or nickel alloys (8:11) alters carbon steel.
A basic oxygen furnace (8:40) produces high-quality steel faster. The molten steel is poured in (8:47), followed by scrap (9:05). The chemical and physical reactions quickly take place (9:18) and the furnace is ready to pour (9:29).An electric arc furnace (9:41) is used to make stainless steel. It’s charged with scrap (9:49) as the top is removed and then replaced by machinery (10:02). When the electricity is turned on, the cables sway (10:13). Molten steel is shown (10:35). Nickel, chromium, tungsten, vanadium, or other alloys are added to make special steel (10:52). The charging machine adds limestone to remove impurities (11:06) before the furnace tilts to pour steel into the ladle (11:30). Regardless of the method, the steel next moves to the teeming area (12:00), where it’s poured into cast iron molds (12:14). The ingots are moved to the stripping stand (12:24-12:49), where hooks remove the ingot. It’s next put into a soaking pit for reheating to 2,300 degrees (12:51) for rolling into a bloom (structural steel); a billet (semi-finished steel tubes for such things as tools, hardware, and wire); or a slab (14:50) for such things as hulls, cranes, and storage tanks. The slab is reheated for rolling in the reheat furnace (15:38), sent to the scale breaker (15:53), through the roughing stand rollers (16:04), to the runout table where it’s sprayed with cold water (16:35). This hot-rolled steel can be further processed as pickled, cold-reduced, annealed, temper-rolled, galvanized, or tin coated. A cold rolled coil is shipped (17:22). The many uses of finished steel are summarized.
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