Cheers, mate.

+Antonio PX1 No worries, Antonio.

Glad it helped. And thanks for the comment.

Thanks, mate :)

+LiveLooseLeaf My pleasure, LiveLooseLeaf.

No worries, Kurt.

Thanks Avisek

Glad you like them, Russell.

Thanks, mate. Too kind.

Thanks, mate.

+StreIok737 Thanks, Strelok737.

Glad it helped 👍

No worries :)

My pleasure.

Glad to hear it. Everyone is different, but this is the way I think about it.

Walk That Bass ... in my opinión is the best way to understand this topic... I know it takes time, but if I handle it, I' ll have the world in my hands

No worries. I might do one eventually, but I haven't got one planned yet. But there are already heaps of great ear training resources on the internet - including interactive exeercises. Just google it.

+Walk That Bass That would be great. Thanks. I have some ear training apps that I can use but I really want to see what tips you could offer, especially for people who don't have a good sense of music like me.

Hi, Sorry for the late reply. I was away on holiday for the last month. Hope this answer isn't coming too late for you. What song is it? It's little hard to analyse without the full chord progression. These could just be passing chords or secondary dominants. For example if the progression went: | Eb6 C7b9 | Fm7 Bb7 | Eb6 Then this could be looked at as tonicising the Fm7 with a secondary dominant. This would just be a standard I-VI-II-V progression. (I've got a video on secondary dominants which explains this in more detail: kzfaq.info/get/bejne/l9J0hqhz2N6ueas.html ). Similarly if the progression went: | Ab6 Am7b5 | Bbm Eb7 | Ab6 Then the Am7b5 could be looked at as a substitute for F9 Am7b5 = A C Eb G F9 = F A C Eb G The Am7b9 is a rootless F9. So this would sound like a I-VI-II-V-I in Ab to me, with the secondary dominant VI7 again. | Ab6 F9 | Bbm Eb7 | Ab6 Alternately, depending on the subsequent chords, these could just be unrelated passing passing chords. Does that make sense?

Yep, exactly right. Glad you found it useful. So essentially, I do this with every new song I learn. This then provides a kind of base from which I pivot back and forth if I start inserting other more exotic scales or jazz improvisation techniques. So after playing in a whole-tone or a Lydian Dominant scale for a bar or two, I'd return back to either a guide tone or one of the common scales. Again, this is just how I think about it and other people have other techniques and ideas, so certainly don't take this as gospel.

my apologies in advance for the daring question, but since you mention mapping chords with every song you learn - and you seem to be an adept of clean tables to present it ;-) - I was wondering if you would consider sharing some with us jazz noobies... quite seriously, your explanations are the clearest around youtube; but still, once I am faced with a tune, I tend to doubting myself a lot upon each "unexpected" chord - wondering endlessly if I might not have realized that it belonged to a neighbouring key: so (at least a few) examples - sort of "advanced lead sheets" - would go a long way in increasing the learner's confidence, before reaching a proper mapping momentum. in any case, thanks again for your tremendous contribution to the hard task of teaching jazz to the world!!! bonus question: do you have any clue why this amazing concept of chord mapping is nowhere else to be found (except with Dave Frank that addresses it, in his warm but sloppier way)? or am I missing something there?

I am confused about this too.

+BAwesomeDesign Yep, definitely. The goal is to internalise all the info in the table so that you can be given a brand new song and immediately be able to improvise over it. Like all music practice - eventually it becomes muscle memory.

Hi Michael. Em7 is in both the keys. It's the iii chord of C and the ii chord of D. So technically you can play either scale over this chord. Because an Em7 moving to an A7 creates a ii-V chord progression (a very common chord progression) in the key of D Major - I use the D Major scale over both chords. Does that make sense?

It does. Thank you for that quick answer. I played when I was young but I was taught the terrible way that old school teachers would teach. "here is a piece of music, learn it this week and play it next." kinda thing. I quit and just started again 20 years later! So I'm learning the "chord" method this time and it's much easier. I could shoot that teacher of mine! She made me think that learning piano was the one impossibility in life. It's folks like you (and the help of technology of course- youtube included!) who are helping me more in one video than all my years with that teacher!!! So THANK YOU!

Oh and I also like how you're doing the 2 5 chord progression with each 2 chords that you play. I only noticed that once you pointed it out! Super cool. Thanks again!

I didn't actually study music at university. I mostly learned through private tutors, reading and transcribing.

Firstly, feel free to continue asking. Seriously. I might take a day or two to get back to you but you're more than welcome to keep asking. Secondly, I think I understand your question, but I'm not completely sure. So let me know if I completely misunderstood your question. So - modulation is the act of changing from one key to another. If we have the following chord progression: | Em A7 | Dm7 G7 | Then bar 1 is in D Major and bar 2 is in C Major. So the chords are modulating from D to C. And if a non-jazz musician were improvising over those chord, they would play the D Major Scale in bar 1 and then 'modulate' to the C Major Scale in bar 2. Now Jazz is a little bit different because jazz musicians think in 'modes' rather than 'keys'. So a Jazz musician would play: E Dorian - over Em7 A Mixolydian - over A7 D Dorian - over Dm7 G Mixolydian - over G7 Now E Dorian and A Mixolydian have the same notes as the D Major Scale, and D Dorian and G Mixolydian have the same notes as C Major Scale. So really we are playing the exact same 'keys' and 'scales' but we are thinking about them in a different way. But this then allows a Jazz musician to use different scales over the same chords: E Aeolian (G Major) - over Em7 A Wholetone - over A7 D Blues Scale - over Dm7 G Lydian Dominant (D melodic minor) - over G7 So even though the chords have 'modulated' from D to C - the scales we use over those chords to improvise can have no relation to those keys whatsoever. I've got a separate lesson on 'Why you can use different scales over the same chord' that explains why we can do this. So the chord progression modulates from D to C, but the improvisation can use many different scales to play over those particular chords. Does that answer your question? Or have I completely misunderstood? Please ask again if I didn't answer your question. What confused me was this sentence: 'they jump from scale to scale and chord to chord without worrying about modulating to each'. Jumping from chord to chord is modulation if those chords are in a different key. Anyway, let me know.

Wow, well thank you for your kindness and taking the time to teach over youtube. You've gone above and beyond! Just now have the time to read this and it's going to take me a bit of time to really absorb this so I'm going to start now and hopefully, with no distractions, I'll be good to go shortly. BTW, I simply meant to say that when Jazz players play, they seem to play in different keys (as opposed to starting in the key of Em say, and staying in the key of Em or if they were to change from Em, they'd modulate properly into another key using one of the modulation methods they speak of. That's all. Hope that makes sense. Thanks again! I'll read it now.

Okay, I see where this is going. Remembering this when one is playing is a different story. I guess it starts to come naturally???

Thanks, Alberto. Thanks very kind of you. I replied to your comment on my blog but I'll repost here also. Couple options: 1. If you have a paypal account - you can probably just log in and update your personal details 2. If you’re using a credit card, try select a different county (like Australia) - Paypal should then prompt you for a DOB and give you the option (I note that when I select US it doesn’t request my DOB). Enter it in. And then change back to whatever country you’re from and try again. 3. If you’re using a credit card you can donate through KZfaq. My channel home page has a ‘Support this channel’ button on the right hand side which you can click and it should then ask for your credit card details. All my videos, including this one, also has a 'support this channel' card which you can access by clicking the 'i' button on the top right hand side of the video and donate through there. Let me know how you go.

Australia :)

Walk That Bass i foken knew it ahahahahahah where abouts? Im from alice springs in the NT and no one plays jazz here its fucked

What city? This is the most pleasant English I've heard

guilleagudelo alice springs...