PLL's - Digital phase detectors

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3 жыл бұрын

#113 In this video I start looking at Phase Locked Loops, or in short PLL's. Now to brake down the topic into more manageable parts, today I will only look at the phase detector that can be implemented with digital logic gates. I look at what the operating principle behind this is then I try things out in the circuit simulator and finally in real life.
More on PLL's:
Frequency multiplication: • PLL's - Signal Frequen...
FM demodulation: • PLL's - Demodulating F...
The Phase Detector: • PLL's - Digital phase ...
The VCO: • Video
Datasheet:
www.ti.com/lit/an/scha002a/sc...
References and further reading
- The Art of Electronics; Horowitz, Hill; Cambridge; Cap 13.13
Special Thanks to all my supporters on Patreon! Especially @afiskon and Ralf B.!
If you liked this video be sure to check out my other videos and you can also subscribe to be up to date with all the new ones!
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Пікірлер: 51

@00xero Жыл бұрын

This is a really, really good video man. I've dealt with PLLs at work but always as a mysterious black box that somehow keeps track of time and I never really understood them. It just so happens I've been researching QAM/OFDMA in order to figure out some symbol rate schenanigans, and I got to wondering how they actually detect phase in the first place. Which led me down the rabbit hole and to your video. Now the circle is complete :)

@CatFish107 10 ай бұрын

That's interesting! I'm coming at it with similar curiosity of "how's this magic box doing this?" But from eurorack synthesizer modules. A PLL is one of the best "strange tones for low cost", unconventional modules available.

@paulp1204 3 жыл бұрын

Really nicely presented comparison, thank you Fesz

@CAXRAMEDIA 3 жыл бұрын

We love this video. Good job, sir!

@domtom128 3 жыл бұрын

An excellent introduction to PLLs and nice practical demonstration of (digital) phase detectors! I hope we'll see a video about VCOs as well :). Also, a great continuation of this topic are "charge-pump" PLLs, which are more popular in integrated circuits.

@FesZElectronics 3 жыл бұрын

I do plan on continuing to make PLL related videos, first look at the other components and implementations, like VCO's; and then look at final use cases.

@shubhamnayak9369 3 жыл бұрын

costas loop as well

@cyberphox1 2 жыл бұрын

Your videos are outstanding.

@alexengineering3754 3 жыл бұрын

Interesting topic. I hope you make also a video with a complete ppl in the Future. Thanks a lot.

@saeed6296 2 жыл бұрын

very nice explanation 👌

@jagjordi 2 жыл бұрын

Very nice video!

@Scrogan 3 жыл бұрын

Now I understand how a type-2 phase comparator works It’s really good No more XOR gate for my planned modular synth PLLs are cool

@FesZElectronics 3 жыл бұрын

I'm happy this helped! Cheers!

@izzygal673 2 жыл бұрын

Thank you. Great video

@Scrogan 3 жыл бұрын

Oh and also note that PLLs can lock onto higher and lower frequencies with a type-1 phase detector. If there’s some relationship like f/2 or 3f/5 or something that causes the output signal of the phase comparator to repeat, then it’s a stable configuration for the PLL itself. This means if the rest frequency of the VCO is more than ~1.6 times the input frequency (ideally it’s a factor of 2), it won’t lock on that frequency but on a harmonic of it. Probably fine for FM radio, but for AM radio or audio purposes, this is a deal-breaker. I’ll have to see how the type-2 sims. Also neat function generator.

@bobdoritique7347 Жыл бұрын

Merci! Very interesting.

@servidorteleco8916 3 жыл бұрын

Excelent video. Love the blackboard revelion part. Lmao

@NishantjonyJaiswal 3 жыл бұрын

Earthquake 6:06😱

@Red_bone 5 ай бұрын

damn, this video was good

@p_mouse8676 3 жыл бұрын

The fun thing with XOR ports is that one could make a PWM signal/generator by changing the phase or delay of the signal. You could even use sine waves as inputs.

@alexlo7708 2 жыл бұрын

Contradictory ,most people uses PWM in create pseudo sine wave instead.

@R2AUK 3 жыл бұрын

👍❤️

@p_mouse8676 3 жыл бұрын

Nice video! 👍🏻 Btw, there are ideal filter blocks available for Ltspice. They work so much more convenient, especially the higher order ones (including highpass, bandpass etc).

@FesZElectronics 3 жыл бұрын

Is this filter a default component in LTspice or is it a component that needs to be imported?

@Tikorous 3 жыл бұрын

@@FesZElectronics default, might have been added in a recent update

@FesZElectronics 3 жыл бұрын

I just noticed the warning that I haven't performed the updated in ~500days; more than half an hour later I remembered why I don't perform those updates. Anyway, I noticed the "Filter Products" category, that contains various IC's. Was this it?

@p_mouse8676 3 жыл бұрын

@@FesZElectronics yes, updating always takes very long. The filters are in the SpecialFunctions category. But I really can't remember if it's by default or some kind of extra (I always just copy the whole folder to a new system). I will have a look for you :)

@FesZElectronics 3 жыл бұрын

I found them now! These are default, but they came in a "recent" update (sometime in the last 500 days). Thank you for telling me about them, I will study them in more detail.

@arturomartes8696 3 жыл бұрын

Fesz for President!

@mu8502 3 жыл бұрын

hey my friend I need to make a square signal that have not any small changes in frequency or pulse width but ics like 555 timer can not be like that and have small changes is there any way???

@arthurcampos7290 9 ай бұрын

thank you very much, i used your osciloscope views for my graduation work

@fiveangle 2 жыл бұрын

I'm having a tough time getting my phase detectors working as I don't think I'm modeling the "board falls down" correctly in LTSpice

@yourajbadgujar7837 2 жыл бұрын

sir, which is useful in analog phase detection from audio mp3 files. like arduino etc.

@user-rr6lb6bn1w 4 ай бұрын

Does it mean that the second type phase detector can detect only 5 angles 0,90,180,270,360 so if i need a detector that have 180 steps from 0 to 180 degrees which means he can read the shift degree by degree and gives me a reading on 25° different from 36° for example what to do please any one help

@souravece24 3 жыл бұрын

I have some doubts about simulating transformer in LTSPICE. Primary voltage is rectangular waveform of 25Khz and 30% duty cycle. But when coefficient of coupling is less than 1, output waveform is not rectangular. It is converging to 3V. I want to know what is model of transformer in LTSPICE?

@abderazakcherfi Жыл бұрын

Hello, I have built the same circuit of the PFD, but I had some errors and I couldn't simulate the Ckt, the error is "small size step" What's the problem cz am beginner with LTspice, Can u help me here?

@irfanmajid4772 3 жыл бұрын

If you could please let me know which circuit simulator you have used for simulating CD4046B PLL

@FesZElectronics 3 жыл бұрын

I did not perform any simulations with the CD4046; I just built the circuits I showed from the basic logic gate building blocks found in LTspice.

@irfanmajid4772 3 жыл бұрын

@@FesZElectronics Thanks

@iblesbosuok 3 жыл бұрын

Elektor's 303 circuits. Remind me to Garth Nash' Application Note 535

@MrAshwindersingh 8 ай бұрын

Type two having issue pc3 is keep fluctuating

@giorgitsintsadze9919 Ай бұрын

This is what I do not get. In Type I detector, when everything is aligned, you get 0 volts after low pass filter, basically putting VCO control voltage at 0 volts. How does this not revert VCO output frequency corresponding to ground and subsequently losing lock (given that input frequency is achieved at some non-zero control voltage)

@ajingolk7716 7 ай бұрын

Capture range and Lock range?

@LostDeadSoul 2 жыл бұрын

I love combining knowledge into not so many words... So! The stable crystal oscillator's sine wave is made to a stable voltage. Another voltage is fed to a voltage controlled oscillator who's function is affected by user voltage input and desired output frequency. To check if the desirable function is in phase, the multiplied function is divided to the base sine and compared? I need someone to check the validity of my statement.

@depressivepumpkin7312 2 жыл бұрын

nice shirt

@yasserhaddou5393 Жыл бұрын

when the board faal down 😂😂

@SaihoS1 3 жыл бұрын

8:51 Sorry you call these D-type triggers, but they don't have a D input. Perhaps you should connect D and inverse Q on each flip-flop?

@SaihoS1 3 жыл бұрын

I see that in LTSpice you have connected D-inputs to logic 1. This is definitely better.

@FesZElectronics 3 жыл бұрын

I guess I didn't add the "D" input to keep the schematic simple, but this is a valid point - its important to see that input connection to get the circuit to work correctly.

@mejoe444 17 күн бұрын

Hello, I'm confused why the XOR based PLL locks when there is 90 degree phase shift between input and output. In other words, why locking occurs at half the voltage? What decides that?