nah anydesk is what indians scammers use to trick people

Never knew this existed! Just amazing what they could do with the technology back then.

Fascinating, seemed ahead of its *time* (lol pun intended). Could have really changed the *face* of clockmaking! The U.S. could have replicated this for *hour*-selves! Want more puns? Come back for *seconds!* OK, OK, I'm done now. 😂

Ingenious as the system is, it could not compete with contemporary electrical systems. The flood merely exposed one of the weaknesses of maintaining a large scale system of pressurized air pipes. Electric (not electronic) wires were/are much simpler and cheaper to install and service, with very little impact on infrastructure. The self winding clock company in America also had the advantage of being able to synchronize individual clocks with observatory time over telegraph wires already in place. Like the canal system vs. the railway, it was really obsolete as soon as it was perfected, and I'm surprised it lasted four decades.

12 minutes per hour. Got it.

now that we think about it even CPU of modern computer *use the same pulse principles, only it use Electric instead of air or steam and gear *:edited from sue

Uhmmm, clockpunk?

@@user-sb5fm1gk7l i dont think theres a clockpunk?

@@shiro3146 There is. It is close to steampunk, but... clocks. Lots of gears turning.

@@user-sb5fm1gk7l ah i see... new genre i just know, thanks for new info

Israel-Palestine has entered the chat.

There's a video from 1975 on a demonstration of a particular programming language (APL). The presenter was using a typewriter as the keyboard and monitor. That one blew my mind.

Racism

If it's so ingenious, why is it not used anymore?? It sucked!

@@donnyestee no, air in these pneumatic system wasn't sucked. In fact, it was blowed, pushed away through pipes

Doing some basic back-of-the-enveloped calculations and making reasonable assumptions about the number of subscribers, the size of the network, and the expected losses, I am not sure I believe that there only is a single central source for all the compressed air. But I absolutely can believe that there is a single authoritative time source. As for a network of auxiliary compressors, it would be trivially easy to build repeating stations every so often. All you have to have is a reliable source for compressed air, and a valve that opens and closes whenever it detects a pulse from the master clock. And since this is the age of early electrification and of ubiquitous steam engines, we can assume that producing compressed air is a solved problem. So, it is plausible that the distribution network included some sort of repeaters as it expanded over larger parts of the Paris metropolitan region. With only marginally more effort, you could even build a mechanical "reclocking" device that regenerates the 20:40 duty cycle of the signal. You'd still obtain the sequence of pulses from the central clock, but you would regenerate the actual timing of each individual pulse from scratch. All of this can be done with straight-forward mechanical components. The beauty of this system is that the duty cycle doesn't need to be super precise, and neither does anybody care about phase shift nor jitter. So, a lot of problems that modern time-keeping solutions spend enormous resources on (c.f. atomic clocks and GPS) are completely out of scope and don't need to be addressed. The only thing that matters is generating precisely 1440 pulses of approximately 20s per day. And that's easy to do with a mechanical repeater.

its just a pulse of air, small leaks won't matter unless its more cfm then what is called for, their has to be a way for the pipe to depressurize, every clock might have a bleed hole , obviously if it is pressurized for 20 seconds, then off for 40 seconds to depressurize

@@cardboardboxification I am sure that small leaks are actually part of the design requirements. The most basic design would use bellows in each subscriber's device that are somewhat leaky. This not only ensures that the bellows won't explode when the 20s pulse keeps inflating an already full airbladder, it also means that you don't need to add any extra mechanical components to deflate the bellows. 40s should be enough for air to leak out. The beauty of this system is that it is very tolerant of variations in bladder performance and variations in absolute flow rate.

@@gutschke I think your idea makes sense. It would be fairly easy to have slave air compressors/reservoirs and control output through a slave valve actuated by a single master signal pipe.

@ke I dunno. Thousands of tiny leaks add up, and compressed air isn't free. They'd want to limit leaks to keep down the necessary size of the compressor's engine, and the fuel it would consume. You could put some sort of pressure switch into each clock, so that when the pressure falls, it opens a relief valve for the bellows. That's not in the design animated here but that seems like a simplification. They might just de-pressurise the system at the control centre. Have the outlet pipes connected to pressure for 20 seconds, then just connect them to an exhaust pipe for the other 40, let those little weights in all those clocks push the air back out again. If the pressure can reach every clock in 20 seconds, they should all be able to exhaust back to ambient in 40. You could keep the bellows from exploding with another valve activated by the bellows when they inflated to be high enough to trip a switch. Or else just do what pressure cookers do, for emergencies, have an outlet valve with a weight on it connected to the bellows, if pressure gets high enough to lift the weight, air escapes.

It's bizzare, given that anywhere you can get a GPS signal you have access to a time reading accurate to ~40 nanoseconds. Even if you only wanted to power up the GPS receiver once an hour, day, week for power saving... there's no excuse for a public clock to be out by more than a couple of seconds nowadays.

(1) well in Europe most public clock run on DCF-77 since decades.😅 Plis as others said you have precise clock in any GNSS signal and a cheap module get you a second tick pin to sync your clock. 😊

Public clocks are usually only a few minutes out of sync with your phones clock. You act like they’re wildly off 😂

@@daltongalloway -- Where I live, the clocks are indeed wildly out of synchrony. The clock on the city hall may read 11 a.m. The clock on the bank (a block away) has not yet been adjusted for the change from winter to summer time so it reads 10 a.m. The clock on the church (a block from city hall in the opposite direction) reads 10:53 a.m. The clock that stands on the street corner a block behind city hall reads 11:15 a.m. And on another street corner the clock has stopped completely. This is typical. So, will I be late or early for my 11 a.m. dentist appointment?

there are simple clocks that use the frequency on the power grid to tick the clock forward. When the grid is under peak load during daytime the frequency slow down when the power station machinery is under load. They use the night time to "catch up" and run with higher frequency. Most simple cheap office clocks, and clocks in schools and other public buildings are of this type and should keep the time if not damaged. ( or a power outage )

That's a huge array of pipes to keep pressurized!

@@bubblesculptor It would have been driven by a French built compressor. I can guarantee it would have been able to handle it... 💪🇫🇷🌬😁

Also, from todays perspective, it is wild that this was the cheaper solution compared to wires and electronic clocks!

@@demog2882 hard to imagine low-voltage wiring more expensive than pressurized pipes!

@@demog2882 I mean, how expensive can a tiny pipe be, next to nothing if not the markup.

Truly a magical time, so many different technologies being invented at the same time

in the future people will look back at us and say the same thing😄

I see what you did there! 😂

That one almost blew right past me.

@@TheAnimeist Glad to hear that I'm not always full of hot air.

So true.

what do you mean by "simplicity of electronic hardware"?

@@Daniel_VolumeDown I think that comment was meant to be sarcastic... I hope?

Just because you can't see the complexity of electronics doesn't mean its not there. Keep in mind those transistors are only a few atoms across, so sensitive than quantum mechanics can cause electrons to just teleport to places they shouldn't be. The machines that make them are so sensitive to vibrations, a truck driving by outside would cause the chips to be ruined. There was *some* simplicity to them back in the days of electron tubes and relays, but as soon as it went digital it became a manufacturing marvel.

It's an interesting debate. I found myself thinking of all the electronic innovations to minimize difficulties and randomness, of which binary is possibly the very biggest. Designing an 8- or 16-bit computer in the 80s was relatively simple. Clock speeds were so low, you hardly had to know anything about the actual behaviour of electricity. However, there was genius behind that simplicity; I'm still baffled when I think about how binary logic and 2s-complement math were invented. And as speeds increased and the analog behaviour of electricity started impacting digital systems, more brilliance was needed. Op-amps are a comparable marvel of simplification in analog electronics. They're very easy to use, but not at all easy to design. (And again, high speed causes big problems.) In mechanical clocks, the basic design of the escapement doesn't vary much. Like digital electronics, it reduces a lot of variables to a series of discrete steps. However, I'm sure the design of an escapement must balance a lot of hidden issues.

💯💯💯

Right? I’ve always loved those chiming pendulum clocks. They’re absolutely beautiful and bring back a certain unexplainable nostalgia for me. Then Big Ben was amazing to understand as well, now this!

The. I am infertile from eat scented candles.

My grandfather who died in 2013, was a jeweler from the 1950's up to the time he passed away. So almost 70 years. I ran the same jewelry store all that time.

I got bored with clocks when I was 9 and had disassembled Dad's Baby Ben alarm clock, then reassembled it - slightly more accurately in timekeeping.

Thank you so much. So glad you enjoyed it!

Agree!

All the complexity and consumption came with the electrical system.

The creative aspect strikes me most, the problem solving; shoot, autism can make you meticulous, I would know, but the frame of thinking which seeks to expand the horizon of unknowing is what impresses me. Humans rock.

@@SakutoNoSAInow imagine waht humanity could achive if the barrior known as "money" could somehow be removed but ppl still work and produce without any tyranny or governmenttal intervention?

I worry that AI based advertising will soon behave all like this. Then it won't be funny anymore, Yuck!

I was wondering this too and looked it up: "At the Paris Observatoire a high-standard astronomical regulator clock was kept running on correct mean time by astronomical transit observations, being corrected daily. Pulses of electricity were sent every second to secondary clocks around the city, the wires being run through ducts in the sewers. Two loops starting and ending at the Observatoire carried thirteen clocks between them, the farthest being at a distance of seven and a half kilometres, or nearly four and a half miles from the observatory. The clocks were of a high standard, so they could keep good time even if the synchronising pulses failed. (The pulses synchronised the clocks but did not drive them, they were weight-driven in the conventional way) The secondary clocks were furnished with second-hands, and were placed so that they could be easily seen from the street, usually in prominent positions. They further distributed time by sending electric signals once an hour to synchronise various public clocks. The system came into operation in 1878." So it appears that electronic synchronization was in use at this time but just not cost effective at the level for mass production. However, having a few extremely well made electronic clocks was worth the cost.

(electrical time distrubition from the observatory)

Like the narrator said he used anydesk to see the time of observatory clock

wrong he said that it was a joke

@@IgnatiusIsaacWeeKaiJunyuanps bro don't you know something known as "sarcasm"

I think a pipe was destroyed in the flood, or the master clock damaged.

No, you don't need a "more powerful air burst". Since its a sealed, enclosed system, it just meant, you needed a longer airburst. The airburst of 20 seconds were enough to move all clocks on each "branch". When all clocks on a branch were "full", the system would just build pressure without using it, and release the pressure out of some safety valve or similiar. Think like this, you put 1 baloon on a air compressor. It takes pretty quick to blow it up. Repeat same thing with 100 baloons. You would still be able to blow it up, it would just take 100x longer time. You don't need more pressure or more power for that. So as long as each branch were limited to a specific number of clocks, it would work fine. Note how there was a large pipe connecting to several smaller pipes, this ensured so each branch shared the same air amounts. Yes, if one branch got 1 clock too much, it would "steal" air from another branch eventually, so there was a upper limit how many clocks the whole network took. Thats why it was connected to a fee, because if too many clocks were connected, no clocks would work. So they needed to limit adoption, thats why there was a fee. If too many users would still join the system, they would need to elongate the time the system worked by increase the area of the airbrake so the valve would remain open for a longer time than 20 seconds. But they couldn't enlongate the airbrake previously, because if the system closed the valve too late, there was too few clocks to release air pressure quickly enough to ensure it was ready for another minute when the next pressure wave came. So the pressure advancer would be in a "open position" all the time. Thats why the airbrake needed to be adopted for the number of clocks on system, so if too few clocks were active, they would need a shorter open time, and if too many clocks are there, they would need to elongate the open time.

@@sebastiannielsen Another source mentions that they later expanded to a second facility for greater pressure generation, so presumably if this had caught on in a big way they would have ended up with air stations dotted all over the place operating relatively few clocks per unit. Perhaps the substations would even be synchronized to a higher master clock in the same manner.

@@Bobo-ox7fj Not greater pressure. More flow, more liters per second. Putting lot of pressure in the system wont help. Think like this: Connecting a wheelnut gun requiring 5 bar to a compressor. If you connect 10 such guns, you dont need more pressure - its not like you need 50 bar. You however need much more liters per second at 5 bar.

​@@sebastiannielsenI've been in automotive industry for decades. Never have I heard someone call an impact a wheelnut gun. I'm writing that one down.

or compressed-air-punk?

Correction, clock punk!

​@@SeekingTheLoveThatGodMeans7648compressorpunk

all falls down under the same thing! Steampunk! Whatever, just steampunk!

@@Ashleyhru No clock punk and steam punk are very different, that's like equating solar punk with cyberpunk.

That was one of the most jarring and intrusive ad transitions I've ever seen.

This was so far the most unexpected, yet seamless and yet funny!

sponsorblock makes it even better

Another thing to appreciate is the ability to drag the timeline past that ad and skip ahead to the content. 😉

​@@TheSwaroopB That was like actual "soap operas", where from singing opera on TV the actors seamlessly switched to advertising their sponsor's washing agent.

Haha thanks. Glad you enjoyed that one.

But he didn’t answer the question about how they were synced up.. how did the master clock see what the observatory clock was seeing?

@@GIPvideosagreed! Damn sponsor sections 😩

@@GIPvideos I can only speculate...But at that time the French were very good with optics. It may seem audacious for a distance of about 3-4km today (When you'd simply use an IP camera) but there's a fair chance the _Compagnie d'Horloges Pneumatique_ might've used a periscope with fixed focus to another at the Meudon end. 👁 Get the mirrors in the right place and the magnification right (Which the French could do in their sleep) and checking the clock in Meudon is simply a case of « _Péréscope Haut!_ » 😁

@@dieseldragon6756 @tommyvercetti7 I did some of my own research. The observatory had its own clocks around the city. But they ran on electricity and were too expensive for private use. One of those clocks was about 300M from the Popps office. So in the article it assumes that someone with a half decent pocket watch could set it to observatory time and then walk over to the office to make sure the pneumatic master clock was in sync

Yes, I was wondering the same thing. I mean there were plenty of air compressors around at that time. They had diving suits all over. There was a large sponge harvesting industry in Indonesia that use them. The smaller boats had hand cranked compressors. So I'm not that amazed by the source, But, like you said, I'm amazed that they could get sufficient air flow through the pipes that were shown to reach a few kilometers. Maybe they had "amplifiers" along the way? Anyway, amazing stuff.

@@2ndfloorsongsnot only the distance but the timing. How to manage to circulate air in the whole system BY THE MINUTE (or withing the first 20 seconds)

The pressure differential was probably 8 bar or more so when the air is released it's like an explosion, it's close to speed of sound. Sure it takes a lot of air to inflate the bellows of all clocks but the change in pressure is very fast, is not gradual change, it's sudden

I believe it travels AT the speed of sound. Still, it would take a lot of air to power like thousands of clocks.

​@@memovilmx6239you don't have to have the pulses arrive at the same time everywhere, because they only broadcast the tempo. You'd still have to set each clock first to the correct start time. It's not like GPS clocks now that broadcast their exact time as well as the tempo signals. So if you cared about the seconds, you could probably rotate the clock face by one degree for every ten seconds behind you were. I'm guessing precision to the second wasn't that important though still yet.

XDDDDDDD

lmao that was smooth af. I gladly watched the ad

No.

As you type on a phone of which there are millions grooves and circuits… of which there are millions….of which are multiple times more complex than air pumped clocks on pipes.

water cables?

@@engineer0239 you know what i meant :P

There is theoretically no pressure drop since it was a closed system. Leaks were inevitable, however as long as they were kept to less than the amount necessary to pressurize the system for each pulse, they had no effect. The leak would be detected by the clocks that appeared out of sync.

@@billmoran3812 if you had many small lines manifolded out of one big one, I would imagine a large leak on one of the small lines would cause issues with all the others and be complicated and time consuming to isolate. You would have to one by one leakdown test each circuit to detirmine which was leaking

​@@billmoran3812 Likely the signal would travel more like a sound wave than reaching every place at once. So a small leak won't matter so long the wave first reaches its destination before air has escaped.

😂😂😂

Thank you so much. Really glad you enjoyed the video!

Absolutely! Glad you enjoyed this topic. Thanks for watching!

I'm so glad that you enjoyed it! I was really looking forward to sharing this one.

haha thanks so much! Glad you enjoyed that one.

@@primalspace That was like actual "soap operas", where from singing opera on TV the same actors seamlessly switched to advertising their sponsor's washing agent. I can only hope that coming AI based ads won't become all like this, which will NOT be funny at all.

Maybe it depressurized the entire system and could be adjusted at the master clock?

You can have a simple one way valve at each output point so that would never happen

Haha thanks. Glad you enjoyed that one.

I think that the thing is "ok, you're within a minute of the real time ", and that's enough if you consider that a whole city was sinchronized within one minute. Byt yes, you need to accept some delay. Today too, we have delay in clock sinchronization, but it's way less than a second. But being it a full second, it would still be ok for our day to day use.

It's possible those clocks were set ahead by a minute but it's also possible they left them as-is

@@ethangibson8645 Also that ... maybe they had a system that all the clocks over a certain range are ahead one minute so the medium delay is around 30 sec ( still an impressive feat to do with only pneumatic air ... )

Autistic folks back then could prob calculate it like UPS delivery, the further away from point of origin, estimate a slight delay - so subtract a min on the outskirts of the city?

Amazing indeed!

Define "woke nonsense"

Glad you enjoyed the topic of this video. Thanks for watching.

And thank you for watching. So glad you enjoyed the video.

😂😂😂

So much to learn! Really glad you enjoyed the video.

So true! Really glad you enjoyed the topic. Thanks for watching and good luck in the giveaway!

genius indeed. It's seemingly simple things like this that we forget about with today's technology.

Absolutely

So true!

🤣🤣🙌🙌

Haha thanks so much. Glad you enjoyed that one.

And soon. Wifi clocks that you can hack into. That way you can get off at 1:30 instead of 3! The teacher may say something like. Well today went pretty quick. Just say something like. Well its because your a fun teacher mrs chemsky and then take off

Thank you so much. I'm really glad you enjoyed the video - your comment means a lot! Thanks for watching and good luck in the giveaway!

Haha thanks. Glad you enjoyed that one.