Can't thank you enough for these videos Dr Lee. I am an ophthalmological aspirant currently completing my internship in Australia, and these videos are extremely helpful for my study. I also noticed you're a regular contributor on EyeWiki from which I also access an enormous volume of information! I'm extremely grateful for your work.

Hi, Dr. Lee! Would you please do a video on mismatches between direct vs indirect/consensual pupillary light reflex? How is it possible to have direct light response in both, but dampened/absence indirect in one pupil? Aberrations in PON to contralateral EW?

beautifully explained thank you i am a medical student :D

Thank you Sir for these videos. I had a small doubt...would we get a wernickes hemianopic pupil in a Mid Optic Chiasma lesion?

I thought the A-R pupil is an Afferent disease side, not allowing the Pretectal interneurons to connect to the opposite E-W nuclei, just like a Parinaud lesion is an Afferent side lesion. (See video: III nerve palsy vs Isolated E-W nucleus lesion.)

Hello dr. Lee, Why is there a 3 second fase and a one second fase during pupilary respons testing?