You actually switched places with your wife, so she was in front of the green screen. You can't fool me !

Damn your wife's photography is good. It actually kinda made me wanna go check it out. I probably won't but the fact that it actually made me think of that means it must be good . I know this doesn't sound like a compliment but I swear it's a big one lol

This is the best series in this channel in my opinion!

I can almost see the lights roasting your skin, the bugs must really like it too.

"Zone of avoidance", my ex girlfriend had one of those, hence the 'ex'.

Great HD camera. You can see that lone mosquito attacking Fraser the entire time

Guys, no, they don't use green screen. I think Fraser himself is CGI, then why would they need a green screen in the first place. #CGIFRASERCAIN

RE: The question about finding your position in space If you're sufficiently far enough from Earth, wouldn't all of the stars that you had plotted locations and types for, all be in a different position relative to each other when viewed from another vantage point? Some stars being closer (not seen as far in the past), with other stars being further (seen even further in the past). If you ended up in a different galaxy, how would you recognise even known galaxies, if what you were used to seeing was a top-down view of it, and now can only see it's side, etc.? I think this is a bigger challenge than you made it seem.

QUESTION: The geostationary orbit becomes really crowded noadays. Will we eventually have enough satelites and debris there to have some sort of a ring? How cool would it be, Earth with a gas giant-like ring of trash. How long would it take if we keep on sending stuff to geostationary?

TLDR: Space is big. You won't believe how vastly, hugely, mind bogglingly big space is. I mean, you might think it's a long way down the road to the chemist's, but that's just peanuts to space

Wow you can really see the difference with the new camera, looks amazing. Keep it coming and thanks for all your hard work

27 of the best videos on youtube. Keep up the good work Fraser.

To be honest, I was kind of expecting there to be a parking lot right behind the camera. Being European, I tend to forget that there's actual nature in Canada without requiring a two-hour drive first ;)

Aha so different types of detonation events produce different types of heavier-than-iron materials. I heard that gold is *ONLY* produced in neutron star collisions. Is there a well-founded publication that lists what specific materials are produced in what particular detonation events? For instance, maybe in our antecedent creation event element was not formed, but in some more violent detonations stable 120 *IS* formed?

How do you guys power your lights? Are you close to your house or did you find one of those elusive trees with a built in outlet?

What is your opinion on the practicality of a Von Neumann machine being used in the somewhat far off future to mine asteroids. Would it be economically practical? Thanks and love your channel.

Hey Fraser, the gravitational ripples that we've detected so far have been minuscule - smaller than an atomic nucleus. Would the waves be bigger closer to a cataclysmic event like a black hole merger? Would they rip apart planets and stars? How quickly would the size of the waves dissipate?

Talking about great picture quality. You can actually see the mosquitos biting your head! LOL Love what you're doing. Greetings from the other side, Argentina.

add on to the crashing on a random planet and finding your location, if you went through a wormhole, if you did also travel through time, how could you tell?

Awesome stuff! Thank you for all those questions answered! :)

Hi Fraser, I have a question that I would like you could answer in a video. Q: Today we don't know if the universe is infinite or not. Could we use a bigger gravitational wave experiment to know where is the farthest black hole collision and use that to size at least our part of the hypothetical multiverse? Thanks!

I have a piggyback question to Jerry Ruppercht's question. If the planet you landed on was very far from earth, it would be closer to or further away from those stars relative to earth. Would we still be able to rely on the Data from ESA? Wouldn't the change in distance and position from those stars relative to ESA and earth make them look millions of years younger or older? Suppose he landed 10 Ly from Rigel, but on the opposite side from earth. Could we still tell it was Rigel? (Sorry for the long post)

You mentioned that asteroids are more fragile than we thought well how about using a hard rock or a hard metal asteroid or would they be too hard to dig inside to hollow out? This question is regarding making a spaceship out of an asteroid.

Great QA as always... you answered many of my questions including the one about heavier elements. Thanks. Ps: your wife's photography is excellent

I have a question. If Tachyon particles do exist, can they be used for something practical or be used for anything at all? I.e, FTL communications, and if not that, regular Lightspeed communications?

Is there a "standard candle" for gravitational wave observations? If not, how do we know the masses of the objects that are colliding and how near or far away they are?

Because black holes as any other body moves through space, could you use its gravitational attraction for slingshot acceleration and/or breaking(slowing down) ? Would harvested energy when accelerating that way be subtracted from black hole mass?

Project Starshot would at least give us a good idea of which star systems have habitable planets suitable for colonization. Hope it goes forward. Do you think they will be able to build lathes in space which could hold a large metalic asteroid and spin it against a blade which could shape it, hollow it, and scrape off useable material from which to build habitats? Alternatively, you talked about rubble asteroids, but would a 3D printer more easily be able to scoop up the rubble material, crush it, melt it, and use it to print out a shell for a "mother ship" in-situ, in space?

Hey Fraser! Question: How much rays/energy from big-bang/galaxies/stars/etc can be found simultaneously lets say in 1 cm3 of space vacuum? Can we use that energy somehow?

Your thoughts on a "Laser Relay System" for getting around the solar system faster? Obviously someone would have to lay the relays, my guess is the first ones would be the moon, Mars, and the belt in a few places.

Regarding asteroid space ships, I really liked the idea that was used in the novel 2312, where hollowed out asteroids with the right orbital paths were used as a means of interplanetary mass transport. Just find an asteroid that crosses both Earth and Mars orbit, get on it during the right time, and you are set!

You mentioned how the collapse of stars creates the heavier elements, just how heavy of an element could have been created, even if they decay mere moments later?

How are those asteroids that are mostly big chunks of metal formed, what process brings so much of the same rarer elements together into a solid chunk without randomly mixing with a lot of other stuff?

I think the Fermi paradox just comes down to scale. It may be that on average there may be only one intelligent species per galaxy. This would make intelligent life on a galactic scale very rare but on a universal scale very common. The same can be said for life in general. It's very common on earth (planetary scale), so far rare in the solar system (solar scale) but we may find simple life common all over the galaxy (galactic scale).

Is a brown dwarf star something that is in transition from a white dwarf to a black dwarf star? Could we land on a brown dwarf star?

You can pretend you're in a forest all you want, but admittedly your photoshop skills are very precise

Hey Fraser I have a question. If we ever do use breakthrough starshots plan for interstellar travel of probes what would happen to the data it sends back since it would be traveling a significant portion of C. Would it be redshifted and if so how would that affect our data that we receive.

Gravitational potential energy becomes kinetic energy, which (with gravitational confinement) becomes nuclear binding energy during supernova nucleosynthesis.

Are there any plans to deal with all the space debris in orbit? How can we clean it up?

Hi Fraser, I really enjoy your videos. Thanks. Question: One of your recent videos mentioned SETI and its goal. Considering the limit of speed of time, is there even a point in trying to listen to really far off signals, anything beyond 10s of light-years?

If the density of dark matter is homogeneous, what effects is this likely to have on chemistry (inter-atom bonding and such), if any? Seems like it should, by pushing each atom apart, extending the length of bonds and as such their energies in the process.

Fraser,is there any method we can use to detect planets in orbit around stellar black holes?

How plausible would it be for a generational ship to be sent to explore the cosmos?

If dark matter interacts with normal mass just by gravity, than shouldn't dark matter have an effect on black holes too? Like any kind of pull on them?

What percentage of the universe are we unable to see because our view is obstructed by the milky way? Could there be another galaxy like Andromeda on a collision course with our galaxy coming from the opposite side of our galaxy?

To use an asteroid as a base/ship you would still need to push an immense amount of dead weight which wouldn't be very efficient and will require extensive amounts of energy to do so.

interesting video sir , i love the space stuff :) , the camera stuff too , wow your mrs is a cool photographer .

What does it mean that universe is lopsided? Some parts of universe are accelerating faster than others?

Hey, Fraser, great questions and answers! About the Starship crash, the location method totaly ruined the "Lost in Space" plot. Unless they are in a paralel uncharted universe

Thanks Fraser!

how will future space missions to colonize mars k ow wjere its safe to colonise? could there be dormant fault lines or sand covered volcanoes?

Many black hole have strong magnetic field, right? How do they generate them if it can't be a current inside the b.h.?

Is it possible that Andromeda is much closer than we can see because of how long the light takes to reach us? So how do we know it's going to merge with the milky way in 2 billion years?

I wondered why I was dropping frames... I was watching in 4k @ 60fps... Nice camera!

You don't seem to agree with Isaac Arthur on some things, despite doing colabs. His opinion on asteroids was to hollow them out, then make a separate spinning cylinder within, as that would be easier to spin up, and the rock provides the perfect radiation shield :3

Hi Fraser. A thought experiment. Let's say, we send out two gigantic multi-generation colonization ships to the same target. They would have no means to make contact to each other until they arrive. Over time, the lose the knowledge there's another ship out there. Once they arrive after 5.000 generations, will they still recognize each other as humans on first sight? They won't be able to talk to each other any more, that's sure. But what do you think -- would physical evolution be convergent or divergent?

Here's something that I'd like to know. How is it that deposits of some elements, such as gold, occur on Earth in veins or in chunks? Did they get thrown out of a supernova in chunks? Or did the gold atoms become associated with each other later, by some physical or chemical sieving process?

Ok, so neutrinos can go through lead pretty easily, but what about something more dense like neutronium or quark-gluon plasma?

Been watching for a while.. awesome Fraser.. keep it constructive.. let's build stuff!! Down with entropy!!!

Do you think that a working and feasible nuclear fusion reactor would make space travel much cheaper?

So would it be possible to perfectly interfere two laser beams in a way that they cancel out? If so what happens to the energy contained in them?

Karla is beautiful wife. Well done mate

Hi! Great work! I have a question: If we have a spaceship, in the future, capable of traveling at the speed of light, inmune to stelar radiation and all of that tech, like in movies, would it be dangerous to fly inside a gas nebula at "normal" speeds (not light speed), like... voyager for example? They are pretty, but are they dangerous?

Is it possible for a solar system to be expulsed out of a galaxy? And what would happen to the planets surrounding that sun? Would they stay in orbid?

If Dark Matter consists of small particles similar to neutrinos, wouldn't they either have escape velocity and not flock around galaxies, or not have escape velocity and eventually fall into the gravity wells of celestial bodies, just like regular matter?

I've been asking several times, but never've been answered: A question about space expansion, If galaxies that are farther away from us move faster away, doesn't that mean that they were that fast a long time ago? Can it be that at present time the expansion rate of that galaxies slows down, but we just don't know about it, because the light from them haven't reached us yet? May be galaxies closer to us are moving slower because information about them updates more quickly? and the whole universe(visible) is slowing down in expansion.

Dear Q&A.I kinda figured out how to beat the speed of light with a giant space piston contraption. If enough pistons maybe even 1 million or more of them just 4 meter long and able to expand with more than 1m per second. Then both end of the piston would be moving at speeds above the speed of light. However i think the strain from the expanding would somehow rip it apart. But lets just say it did not. Would it not work?

Assuming rockets continue to get faster and interstellar travel becomes feasible, do you think future space pirates may try to steal the Voyager probe?

How far away do objects need to be apart from each other in order for dark energy to be strong enough to push them apart?

How close together are stars at the core of a Globular cluster?

subscribed to your wife's channel. great photography. when is the best time to see and photograph the milky way in the northern hemisphere?

Is it possible we have it backwards with gravity and time? Instead of time slowing down in the presence of high gravity could time speed up in the presence of matter? so what we feel as gravity is the acceleration of time near a lot of mass like the earth? From space a clock on earth would only appear to tick slower because because the farther from a big chunk a matter you got the slower time would pass. The matter of earth would be stretching time like you are walking on one of those moving sidewalks at the airport. For a person on the moving walk-way it only took 100 steps to get to the end of the hall. For a person off the moving walk-way it took 300 steps.

what do you think of games like Space Engineers or Kerbal Space Program? what did they get right and which level of civilization would those games be at?

The pulsar navigation will not work too far away from the solar system... There will be different pulsars visible and you will see them as younger or older ones, thus faster or slower than from solar system. For example if a 100hz pulsar 1000 ly away from the solar system seen from 100 ly would probably spin faster ...

Can we reverse entropy?

+Fraser Cain How long do you think it will be before suspended animation is a possible option for interstellar travel? Is this something that IBM's Watson could be trained to research?

Other than our night sky changing would the solar system being flung out of the milky way have any effect on us?

Let's say you travel into a black hole. If it's large enough, is it technically possible to orbit inside of its event horizon? Or is the only direction straight towards the singularity?

LOL always thought background was just digitally done. Nice.

Do you think life in the universe pretty much have to evolve the same way? Starting from one single cell up to AI. Things that swim have fins, things that fly have wings, things that build space stations have thumbs, in general or on average. I know there's endless variations.

question.. what do you think about electric universe theory vs accepted gravitational cosmology theory as it relate s to dark mater and anti matter dark energy etc

There is 'dark energy' everywhere. Even between the Milky Way and Andromeda, though their mutual gravity is stronger, so as they get closer to each other the amount of dark energy between them will decrease. Those that mean they will actually more together faster?

How do they go about refueling the ISS, surely it must need fresh air and what not from time to time?

Could you annihilate a black hole by feeding it (a lot of) antimatter?

Q: What if we started another cold war the part with "race to space", then instead race to the moon, Race to Centauri, will anyone win? (Fact: reason for US being able to reach the moon, is the fear of loosing.) So try to apply that on this scenario.

Solar systems and galaxies commonly pull themselves into a disk. Has the universe itself gone through a similar process? None of the images that I’ve seen of the structure of the visible universe would suggest this. Why?

I've heard that photons don't experience time. Even if a photon is generated in a distant galaxy and travels for hundreds of millions of years to be absorbed in my retina, from the perspective of the photon, no time has passed. Does this mean that the photon exists at its origin and destination and at every point in between simultaneously? Does it mean that its destination is fixed at the moment it was generated, even though that was millions of years ago, long before my retina was even formed? Would that imply predetermination or could it imply that my act of observation caused the photon to be emitted in a distant galaxy, millions of years ago? Either way, time, space, and causation must be synthetic and ideal or billions of stars in distant galaxies simultaneously emitted photons destined to terminate in my eyeball. That's pretty weird.

You mentioned in the video about how it would take centuries or millennia to get to other star systems, but how about colony ships that could get to a decent fraction of c? I was thinking to build a Nicole-Dyson laser to power a laser-sail ark-ship that would slow down via magnetic sail and antimatter propulsion, magneto-inertial fusion, or a variant of nuclear pulse rockets. Then, it would set up an infrastructure to build another Nicole-Dyson and repeat.

Dear fraser. Just a thought that has crossed my mind last week. Decided to make it a question, hopefully for a q&a someday. When a star goes supernova it happens insanely fast. The fusion stops and the rest of the star collapses in on itself at 70% of the speed of light. Now I'm wondering about the relativistic effects during this spectacular event. I haven't done the math, yet. A second reason I got this idea in my head came from an explanation I got about a so called "planck star"... saying information isn't lost in a black hole, but its a heap of stuff frozen in time untill the black hole evaporates. But since gravity affects spacetime by slowing down time as gravity gets heavier, the centre of the sun is actually a few hundredthousand years younger then it's surface. So this had me thinking. We assume a star's collapse is insanely fast from our point of view, but doesn't gravity itself slow down time? And then there's the time dialation effect of matter moving at 70% of the speed of light... what if a camera was present in this mass, how long a video would it record during this collapse? Hope you, and others, like this question. Have a great day and thanks for all the great videos!

+Fraser Cain What's highest apparent velocity we've measured of a galaxy moving away from us?

If I put a flashlight exactly at the event horizon of a black hole and point it to the direction opposite to the center of the black hole, would the photons just stay in place?

Could it be that there is actually a lot of alien civs but no one have been able of traveling FTL because it is impossible? I mean, if we don't know it is still "possible" but if all other civs can't do it, maybe it is impossible...

So the more gravity there is, slower the time passes. If so, how does the time pass in areas between galaxies that have 0? gravity?

I’ll try again. How can that small Missle looking thing continue to go downwards towards any moons oceans when the cable behind it would be locked into the ice? Would that cable be heated as well so the ice can not grab it as it freezes solid for miles behind it because you have spoken about this before & you always say the cable would be frozen behind the probe attached to it but then how is it supposed to go down if the power cable is frozen solid into ice which will stop anything from moving?

The Mother Nest in Alistair Reynolds' Revelation Space series is a hollowed out asteroid that the Conjoiners live in. The Conjoiners are a faction of humans that have neural transplants.

If we're going to have the power to hollow a asteroid. Why don't you go one step further and take the refuse from the hollowing out and meld it? Coat the entire outside of the asteroid with about 3 meters of molten rock. when it cools we'll have a solid outer shell so you can spin it and it not fly apart?

Fermi Filters - one of the odd things is we expect our cradle to be the same for Grown up civilizations, it may be that what we know as children do not apply to adults and staying in this Universe or under the same laws might not interest other civilizations.. they may get up and just Go or create their own Universe and for that reason we can't see them or concieve of what existence is like for them. It could be we're simply still too young to be asking and expecting answers to some problems.. it is encouraging however that we have come to this point where we have the time or sense of being to even ask.. where is everybody?

Heavier Elements... it was my understanding that there is one types of star when you are talking about element formation: super nova, and ones that form black holes do not... The super nova's explosion puts out an enormous amount of energy and matter, blown off of the iron core of the dying star, and in the instant that the star dies, there are two things going on: matter falling towards the core, and matter which has nowhere to go, or else has "bounced" off the iron core and is racing outward into the incoming matter. It is this collision of matter that forces the heavier elements to form, and within the extreme force of the event, and the split second timing of all that matter being in one place, new elements are blown clear of the gravity well and spew out into space as the core cannot hold onto anything more due to the lack of more forces to hold it in. In the case of a black hole, this would not be true, even the iron core could not stop the force of gravity bringing in the massive amount of matter and it folds into an even smaller space, curving space/time, and thus beginning a "hole" which we see as the event horizon. In this case, gamma and x-rays are emitted in a last blast before all of the light emissions, even in the higher bands of the light spectrum, are gobbled up by the hole, never to be seen again. For the Black hole, there would be no heavier elements or anything related to matter escaping as the space around the massive sun seemingly "gives way" into an empty place where light emission once occurred.

Could dark energy be intertwined with entropy? Could the loss of energy conservation which is entropy actually be what is feeding dark energy and expanding the universe. If we reached total entropy would the universe cease to expand. I'm convinced the two are related.

How about sending out robots to explore the galaxy. Like you said, they harvest and build new robots as they go, making their journey exponentially faster. As they find habitable worlds, they could set up human cloning machines and put us there. Well, not us, but clones of us. There's a book called The Eternity Brigade that made me think of this.