I could listen to you fellows for hours. In fact, I have.

There is something about this guy's voice.... he should do books on tape!

Would there be a possibility to create another channel where the professors give longer interviews maybe with a little bit of maths. Maybe in a style like DrPhysicsA unfortunately he is quite bad of using the media and i like the professors on your channels. I even have the fealing, that some of them (esp. Moriarty) would appreciate using bits of maths, too. I believe, that most your viewers have highscool education so they should be used to (I can only speak for Germans) basic analysis and calculus. This basic math is enough for some cool effects. Maybe you can make a survey about maths parts in videos like the extra bits. Have fun and good luck. Allready looking forward to hear you in HI or on one of the 10 billion channels, Jonas

Professor Ed is great. Every new informed idea opens the door for new, exciting ideas...one of the reasons I love cosmological theory/particle physics.

Maybe one day, when I'm an old man (I'm 19), they'll be coming up with sub particles of preons or proof for string theory... I can't wait for the future :)

The crows seemed up-set. I asked them "what's the matter?" They all agreed it was Quarks.

Since over these two years you didnt get an outlined answer I'll give it a try at one of them. Quarks normally dont exist outside hadrons. But in extreme conditions the strong force becomes less strong. When the temperature is high enough the hadrons break down and you get a quark-gluon plasma (gluons "glue"/hold quarks together). This happens at temperatures around 10^12 Kelvin. In an early universal state these temeratures were around. Back then there were no hadrons formed yet, only quarks

You can't separate quarks: The energies holding quarks together in hadrons and mesons (and so on) are so strong that if you pump enough energy into the hadron to separate the quarks, you just create more quarks. The mass of a single quark is much smaller than the energy holding them together, so most of the mass in hadrons are made up of the strong forces between quarks. I hope this clears it up.

This is all completely wrong of course. Everyone knows that Quark's is a bar on Deep Space 9.

An Ideal situation would be, Yuval and Gell-Mann both win for the Eightfold way, then Gell-Mann and Zweig both won for the discovery of the quarks.

Up & Down quarks form Protons & neutrons, but what does the other 4 quarks do? (The Strange/Charm & Top/Bottom quarks)

@shagster1970 As far as I understand, the energy required to pull two quarks apart increases with distance, and, at some point it becomes more energetically favorable for a new quark-antiquark pair (a meson) to spontaneously form than to allow the quarks to separate farther. For a more detailed explanation, search up the term "quark confinement"

@ModularForms Yes! Definitely something on high level maths from time to time would be great.

precious rough cuts ! it'd have been a pity to keep them archived.

quarks never get separated, as you try and stretch a proton, at one point the quarks get so stretched between themselves that it becomes more energetically viable for new quarks-antiquarks pairs to be produces, and this is how hadronic jets are produced in accelerators, stretching a proton produces new quarks from the energy of the stretching itself. electromagnetic radiation is a particle, it's a photon, wave-particle duality means it can be thought of as both particle and wave .

@RectumPilum In fact, any number of plucks can bond in many different ways, right up to a few hundered, where they get too unstable. Like the elements.

86k views in 11 years is ludicrous. Should be tenfold.

@shagster1970 Just throwing in my two cents for what it's worth. He talked briefly about CP-Violation that predicted the necessity of quarks, well from everything we know, CP-Violation does not extend to quantum chromodynamics and one of the parts of QCD is Confinement (the theory which says it would take an infinite amount of energy to separate two quarks) So a lot of those questions might not even make sense!

Quark confinement would state that as one separates a quark from its meson pair or baryon triplet, the potential energy between them increases without limit as a function of distance at a rate of about 1 GeV/fermi. This means that at most any point in the separation process the system is very likely to generate another quark or even another two to ensure color is conserved.

Cedric, Was just looking at some pictures from the 90's and early 2000's. One of the pictures was 19 year old (me) in 2002 holding one of my brother's babies. Coworker today said I looked like a baby holding a baby. Fortunately, they say I looked 9 in that picture, so now I look like I finally graduated high school. But many of my other friends have lost their hair and have aged quite a bit, friends my age are now in their early 30's. Some look like substitute teachers or some grown up that you remember you'd never imagine your friends or you looking like, few others haven't changed much... yet. My oldest brother now has gray streaks on the side of his hair, his 41 birthday last year, I felt as though I had stepped through a time machine, it wasn't real, or it was temporary, I was going to return back 18 or 19 or younger and tell them all about the future I saw. Some of the nieces and nephews have already graduated high school last year and this year... I had changed their diapers. Probably why I haven't had any kids yet. Know what it takes to raise them LOL! Looking at the pictures, I saw how fun my younger years were 14 thru 20's, traveling the East Coast US large cities, nice full double sky line of NYC with empire state building to the WTC buildings that are gone now, starting my first pilot lessons in a small Cessna flying over my home town with pictures of the mall from the air, was only 16. Traveling to Germany and the many castles, green little brooks, etc. Then my days as a corporate trainer happened to be in the folder with large groups of people I trained (did corporate training for mobile phone company for 5 years). Then was in the Air Force for a few years until getting hurt and being retired. Work for water utility now. Instead of "can't wait for the future" be in the present. Its all that's worth the while. The future will come. And you'll likely be unimpressed. I'm going to freak if/when I start losing my hair. So time can just sit still. Its gone too fast already. Let me catch up. And let yourself enjoy your early years. PS Take lots of pictures. I didn't take enough. I was still using the "old" camera film, digital was just coming out in the late 90's early 2000's and was way expensive. We have cameras on our cell phones now, you have no excuses LOL!

you guys are awsome!

0-1-2-3-4-etc Reciproction-recirculation exponentiation-ness partioning resonance bonding i-reflection containment states of 137 inside-outside holographic time-timing presence.

@isrealjason Can't really consider it as "weight" at that scale. Remember mass-energy equivalence. Has more to do with strong force energy holding the pieces together that contribute to the measured mass.

What is the phenomenal periodic table?

@tomofab I believe you're right. Thanks.

that quote at 6:33 sounds like some thing that came from Richard Feynman or at lest it seems his style

"Who ordered that?" was I.I. Rabi.

Great explaining.

@RectumPilum ... but with strange properties that causes it to bond like all the different elements, not just one. In that case maybe the ozonpluck (Three plucks somehow bonded like O3) is the down quark (if I'm right I shall be somewhat surprised). And IF that is the case then there are many more than six quarks. Jeez I gotta go to sleep now, I feel these thoughts are not all that normal... =]

"CP violation" Why don't you take a seat right over there?

Fermilab!!! That's 4.5 miles from my house!!! (7.3 km for the civilized)

The real question is, were quarks discovered, . . . . or invented?

I think you'll find that one quark "decaying" into two anti-quarks violates charge conservation.

brady has a math channel: numberphile

@danielbluesmoke Particles can't be smaller than Planck's length.

when in doubt....add more quarks! :)

what i dont get is when we have a particle that is supposed to be what everythings made from then what is the material that makes that particle.

Up, down, strange charm, top-bottom. If you don't know what a quark is it don't matter you still got 'em. :D

@culwin There isn't any point in showing mathematics in these videos, as far as I see, part of the aim of these videos is to make it simple enough for a relatively large audience to be able to understand it, but if they went deep into the mathematics behind these physical properties, it'd do nothing but scare people off. Heck, they still scare me and I'm insane enough to be doing a physics with maths degree...

Cool. Great video.

@BIGGGY305 You were correct, but we know nothing for sure, to be perfectly honest. Most of the quantum theories are lunatic. For example one of them suggests that at any time now or whenever a body could duplicate, or even show up(teleport/appear) in the other part of a universe just like that, by body i mean an atom, you, or even a star. Thats what i like about physics - in the end most of it is upredictable, yet by applying the maths we can notice certain patterns reoccuring.

@shagster1970 I was told by my lecturer that quarks dont exist outside of the partical. I dont think they are thought of as particals, more like the building blocks of particals. I have no ideo about whether they could be "electromagnetic radiation" and what exactly do you mean by this?

i watched this cuz i expected the guy to talk about that cheese stuff

Interesting vid.What happens to the quarks when they are separated? Can they exist indefinately by themselves? Do they get "absorbed" by other atoms or team up with other lose quarks? Why are they thought of as particles - could they not be like electromagnetic radiation curled up on themselves? Can they "pop" into existence into our space-time at will - ie; if you separate them, will others appear from "nowhere" to balance the forces? Sorry for all the questions! Again 5 stars on the vid!

Numberphile doesn't really get too deep into the higher level maths, although they do explain some high level things simply. I'm with ModularForms (if this is what they're saying) that it'd be nice to have some Numberphile videos that go a bit deeper into the maths.

so what is the weight of the diff quarks? i mean i get the hole up=2/3,and down= -1/3 charge thing but isn't a n'tron more massive that a p'ton... grr now i have to look all that up, thanks to your damn videos pfff next thing you know ill have to go back to school

Don't ever apologize for a question. Especially not here!! =D

I'm sure that the quarks are made from even smaller particles, maybe "preons", maybe something else... But even those particles are made of even smaller particles, and then those particles are made of even smaller particles, and so on to the infinite. And that's true on smaller scales, but also on large scales. Our Universe is like a Mandelbrot Set, it repeats in itself through infinity!

interesting enough, if you separate a group of 3, one will decay into two anti-quarks, and then they will go with the others and u will have two groups of quark/antiquark

KEEP PROBING

I just got hit by a brainwave. Quarks have different mass because they're made up of plucks (I felt like calling them plucks). Of course I have no idea of their properties, but I can imagine that they're a bit like just one strange particle in the periodic table. That can bind to other plucks in different ways. Maybe there's a pluckyle (molecule made of plucks [therefore a quark]) that looks like for example C60, or C70, or just O2, O3, He2, or H. Which all are molecules of just one element...

Why is that guy eating butter?

Interesting extra footage. One question though: What was the name of the Soviet scientist mentioned at 8:07? I'm trying too look him up but I can't figure out the spelling and I've had no luck searching randomly.

Strangely I don't seem to use quarks at all in my daily life. (Unless my computer relies on it.)

OK... gimme five...

@skinnyjohnsen Yet you consist of them.

Consider making some more 'advanced' videos for the mathematically able?

I agree. Mathematics is the language that physics is done in!

eaten maybe?

You do know Brady has a channel called Numberphile, right?

Ok... simple minds need simple explanations... Really sorry you didn't understand the irony... ;-) Well, I forgot to say that was a great video... like all others I saw in this channel... nevertheless this things had evolved in such a way and with such different perspectives that some humor should be spilled over it to keep minds open... Search for Garrett Leasy, Schwartz and Green, Michio Kaku, etc. ZEE

leon lederman

0:20 Witch is why atoms means unbreakable in Latin :D

Make a long Vid!

The eightfold way

See Numberphile channel.

you can't really use the concept of "material" to explain what makes up material. quarks, as far as proven theories show, and all other fundamental particles, are excitations of fields, these fields simply represend entities in space, no one knows if these entities have an underlying structure yet. string theory does suggest that all particles are actually strings vibrating in 10 dimensions, but these strings are still fundamental, they have no inner constituents.

Well now. Don't I look the fool. Not speaking sarcastically, thanks for pointing that out.

there are things that are funny and there are things that are not, this is not only not funny but also stupid, hence my comment (which was a little hard but oh well)

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@Gytax0 Well, we know that for now, but I've said that I'm sure for a reason... If it turns out that there are indeed multiple Universes, then there must be a way to link back to the underlying structure of the Multiverse. Space-time itself is made out of something, and that's what they try to find at LHC with the Higgs Boson!