Lung anatomy and physiology of gas exchange in the lung alveoli during respiration nursing lecture. This lecture details the anatomy of the lungs and how gas exchange in the lungs takes place between carbon dioxide and oxygen. The lung is made up of many components that participant in gas exchange. Inhaled air with oxygen enters into the upper respiratory system via the nose or mouth then through the nasal cavities, larynx, and trachea which splits at the carina into the right and left bronchus (primary bronchi). The primary bronchi and pulmonary vein and artery enter into the lungs at the hilum. The pulmonary artery delivers unoxygenated blood to the lungs, and the pulmonary vein delivers oxygenated blood back to the heart. The primary bronchi branches off into the lobar bronchi (also called secondary bronchi) then into the segmental bronchi (also called tetiary bronchi), and then into even smaller areas such as the bronchioles. The bronchioles connect to the alveolar sacs via the alveolar ducts. Gas exchange occurs in the alveolar sac within the alveoli. The alveoli sacs contain capillaries that help with transporting carbon dioxide and oxygen in and out of the body. The pulmonary artery brings unoxygenated blood through the capillary and carbon dioxide transports across the thin capillary wall and is transported out of the body through exhalation. Then the inhaled oxygen transports across the capillary wall onto the red blood cells which is taken via the pulmonary vein back to the heart to replenish the body with fresh oxygenated blood. Other facts about lung anatomy: the right lung has three lobes while the left lung has two lobes. The lung is made up of two layers: visceral pleura (surrounds the lungs) and parietal pleura (attaches to the thoracic cavity). In between these layers, is a small space of fluid that allows the lungs to glide on each other during inhalation and exhalation.
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