My med school needs to refund me and I'll pay you everything. You are an amazing instructor. GOAT

I didn't find any clearly understandable video about RTA on internet until I found this one.. You really crack this complexity..You saved me dude! Hats off 🙏

I’m give up every time when I start to study but I am so glad found your channel you make everything easy to understand Thank you

Thank you so much .. It clarified many points .. but a little note that aldosterone doesn't act on H+/K+ exchanger but on H+ ATPase that's why the hyperkalemic effect of aldosterone in RTA type4 is not offsetted by this ATPase

Just Wow and no other word for your explanation!

YOU ARE SIMPLY THE BEST HONESTLY!!!!!!!!!

thank you so much this has to be the most clear and logical explanation ever

Thankyou so much. I am so regretful that i didnt find this video last year and had to just memorize the concept. Now i know how easy it was. Thanks alot. Really cleared the concept,

your explanation is always easy to understand ,make sense and memory-philic . thank you so much

wish i came across this channel while preparing for step-1. amazing work. i always struggled in this topic.

The best video fr concepts....Thank u

Thank you very much, simply the best video !. We wish you can make more videos.

This is an amazing video and you are amazing teacher, thank you.

Great explanation sir..couldn't find anywhere else Thankyou

Your explanation is very very clear and easy to understand!

Ek dum majbut bhai 🙏

You really saved me ❤ thank you so much

Thank you very much....u have made it so easy

best explanation ever!!! cheerz buddy

ur videos are awesome! thank u so much!!

Thanks for the video sir.. This is the best

Youre the best.. Thankss

Thank you so much for this! It would be great if u make a video on Neuromuscular blocking drugs. It has a lot of important concepts Especially Phase 1, Phase 2 block, Effect of AchE inhibitor on each phase, Effect of these drugs in Myasthenia gravis, effect of these drugs in K+ levels! Just a suggestion:)

God level!

Thank you sooo much God bless you!!

Thanks alot meet....i always follow your video.. Hhahah happy to see ring in ur finger in this video... Congratulations brother...stay blessed .... :)

This wat have been looking for thnx. May do or have u tutorial for all other condition.

well explained, thank you ....

great explanation!!!

Thank you.

Excellent

Salam brother!! calcium oxalate stones are form in acidic medium, while calcium phosphate stone are form in alkaline urine...👍👍💪

god bless You🥺🥳

Thank you so much

simply superb.

thanks a lot .u made it really easy to understand..

THANK YOU

excellent

excellent lecture, i have one question, why did you take urine ph 5.5??

Thank you

Thanks a lot,would you please explain why in renal tubular acidosis we have normal anion gap acidosis (hyperchloremic acidosis) and why does the chloride osmolarity go up in plasma?what's the mechanism? RTA type 1 and 2 and 4 each one separately

GREAT WORK. THANK YOU SO MUCH. Just a little correction i want to make that oxalate stones are not precipitatedd at high ph.[at 6.20 in video] struvite stones are ppted.

in type 4 the reaction in PCT is that: in acidosis glutamine in PCT will give NH3 and alpha-ketoglutarate (which will go to Krebs cycle and make co2 & H20) and NH3 will combine with H+ and go into lumen thereby balancing acidosis so what you said make sense in alkalosis in PCT cells NH3 is formed less but is the reaction correct?

🙌🙌

@Meet patel. i loved ur explaination but the equation that u gave for the type 4 RTA is wrong. NH3 shud b on the left side of equation and "gluatamate" not glutamine on the right side. please correct it. Thank You.

That last one concept is part of what type of acidosis Type 2 is in proximal where neither bicarbonates are resorbing nor hydrogen is excreting then how there is hydrogen potassium exchange and acidic urine ....is there too a hydrogen potassium in pct??

Thank you!!!!

thank you so much

NICEEEEEEE :)GOOD JOB

u made it simple....

your prep is like 270 not 260 bro.Wonderful

An exception in DENT's disease which is a genetic cause of RTA type 2 in which renal stones are present

Tq

Bro: a little update for viewers, 1) Glutamine ----- by Glutaminase ----> Glutamate ----by Glutamate DH -----> alpha- ketoglutarate and ammonia. 2) The steroid hormone Aldosterone (DNA --> mRNA---> Protein) increases the # working ATPase pumps on the Basement membrance side. It creates a high K+ inside the intercalated cell, and the K+ gets out into the lumen by high K+ conc. gradient inside the cell. Then the lumen K+ leaks back into the cell on the brushborder side and balanced by the H+ exchange for the + electrical charge balance across the membrance. 3) When Aldosterone action decreased, then it presents the picture of less Na retention, less K+ excretion, and less H+ excretion and less bicarb reabsorption. Acidoses thus comes about. Please comment.

I thought compensation is by regeneration of bicarbonate in distal tubule but not proximal tubules REGAINING the capacity to re-absorb bicarbonate.

This is a great video,But had an NBME with option Distal RTA but the Q had pH < 5.5(which u said is a late finding).I solely put that option after remembering this.I ended up being wrong,the right answer was different one and if I'm not wrong Q had patient taking Ibuprofen(which is a cause of distal RTA).I'm saying this coz Distal RTA with pH 5.5) on which Qs are tested.So its better to stick to pH>5.5 for Distal RTA-1

How rt4 causes acidosis bcz in this tubules have alkaline pH?

reclemation and regeneration was new to me... thnx

Sir, I would request you to verify the reaction regarding alphaketoglutarate and glutamate. I think it is alphaketoglutarate plus ammomia forms glutamate and not vice versa

Sir you showed in RTA4 sodium potassium pump through potassium out of the cell....it's impossible

I have a question please!

hi.i am reading anesthetics in pharmacology.i am unable to understand the relation between cardiac output and induction of anesthesia.could you please please upload a video on that?

Type 1 in dct not collecting duct which is type 4

meet Bhai plz teach confidence interval...

where is ph 5.5 came from. aren't we have of ph is 7.35 - 7.45.. please explain?

isn't it like this...that in type2 rta because theirs a problem in absorbing bicarbs and bicarbs are getting excreted, urine is basic initially till all bicarbs are excreted and then urine gets acidic.because person wont be normal in type 2 rta and start reabsorbing bicarbs?(ref: kaplan)

you have such nice cursive wow

thank you so much! what's your source btw?

i think glutamine >>> glutamate +ammonia glutamate>> alpha ketgluturate +ammonia