You are very welcome, thanks for the great comment. You can see a listing of all my videos at www.stepbystepscience.com

You are very welcome, and thanks for the very nice comment.

You may find a comprehensive description in the refetences here on the physics of the networks. What is a resistor? How does current branch in a network of resistors? How does it "know" how much should flow in each branch? While some detail is given in science and engineering courses about conductors, insulators and semiconductors, resistance is described in several ways. Examples include i. The restriction to the flow of electrons. ii. The difficulty in moving electrical current through a conductor to which voltage is applied. iii. a circuit element which dissipates energy in the form of heat . More appropriate description for a resistor would be the property of a conductor which determines the current produced by a given difference of potential. This makes us remember that a resistor is a conductor first. And, there is reason to say that superconductive wires dont obey ohm's law. So all conductors are resistive, though not superconductors. Resistors are used in circuits to regulate the strengths of currents either by reducing the diameter of conductors or introducing more obstacles or lattice imperfections to reduce the strength of current. The current branches in a parallel network by an elaborate rearrangement of surface charge. For more details about resistance, how current branches in a parallel circuit and ohm's law consult the following videos, articles and books. What is current ? What is voltage ? A working definition for current in conductors like metal wires is "the start-stop motion of millions and millions of conduction band electrons everywhere within with a drift superimposed". In circuits, voltage is due to surface charges. Consider a simple circuit comprising a battery, two wires and a resistor. The e.m.f of the battery is due to separation of positive from negative charges which produces an e.m.f across its terminals and a pattern of electric field surrounding them, not exactly but like a dipole. An electric field is there in the wires and in the resistor; powerful electric field and uniform within the resistor, weak and uniform within the wires. The field is set up by a tiny amount of surface charge with a steep gradient on the resistor and not so steep a gradient on the wires. It is the electric field E created by the surface charges sourced from the battery, which produces a force causing the mobile electrons to acquire a drift velocity v = μE, where μ is the mobility which is a number representing the freedom of movement of the electron in the lattice. This results in a current density J = σE, where σ is the conductivity of the wire or material of resistor and E is the electric field in the wire if considering wire and is the field in the resistor when considering the resistor. The p.d. or voltage across the resistor is the integral of a constant powerful field along its length. The p.d. or voltage across the wires is the integral of a constant but weak field along its length. Voltage is entirely because of the surface charges. Electrostatics and circuits belong to one science and not two, that of electricity and magnetism. To know how they are unified visit this link matterandinteractions.org/articles-talks/ and view the article 'A unified treatment of electrostatics and circuits. B. Sherwood and R. Chabay, unpublished. (1999)' pdf. For more details see Electric and Magnetic Interactions by Chabay and Sherwood www.matterandinteractions.org or Fundamentals of electric theory and circuits by Sridhar Chitta www.wileyindia.com/fundamentals-of-electric-theory-and-circuits.html There is a "look inside" feature in the amazon.com webpage of the book "Fundamentals of electric theory and circuits" by Sridhar Chitta with a few pages of Chapter 1 which may be viewed and also which you may swipe left or press < icon to view the foreword, preface and Table of Contents. For a video lecture by Prof Ruth Chabay on surface charge in a simple dc circuit visit kzfaq.info/get/bejne/Y52HZZxls8Wsm58.html There is a full set of lectures beginning lecture 13 here on surface charges, electric fields, simple circuits, capacitance, inductance, faraday's law, motional emf, magnetic forces and more topics here matterandinteractions.org/videos/EM.html For a live demonstration of surface charge in a circuit visit kzfaq.info/get/bejne/i52Cf8pem5-VlYU.html There is a full set of lectures beginning lecture 13 here on surface charges, electric fields, simple circuits, capacitance, inductance, faraday's law, motional emf, magnetic forces and more topics here matterandinteractions.org/videos/EM.html

@Garrett Hernandez, Thank you, I try to lay it all out step-by-step.

Great and very nice of you to say so.

@@stepbystepscience I have to agree, I' thought I had ADD until I got here.. Thanks

You may find the physics of the network useful in the references here. What is a resistor? How does current branch in a network of resistors? How does it "know" how much should flow in each branch? While some detail is given in science and engineering courses about conductors, insulators and semiconductors, resistance is described in several ways. Examples include i. The restriction to the flow of electrons. ii. The difficulty in moving electrical current through a conductor to which voltage is applied. iii. a circuit element which dissipates energy in the form of heat . More appropriate description for a resistor would be the property of a conductor which determines the current produced by a given difference of potential. This makes us remember that a resistor is a conductor first. And, there is reason to say that superconductive wires dont obey ohm's law. So all conductors are resistive, though not superconductors. Resistors are used in circuits to regulate the strengths of currents either by reducing the diameter of conductors or introducing more obstacles or lattice imperfections to reduce the strength of current. The current branches in a parallel network by an elaborate rearrangement of surface charge. For more details about resistance, how current branches in a parallel circuit and ohm's law consult the following videos, articles and books. What is current ? What is voltage ? A working definition for current in conductors like metal wires is "the start-stop motion of millions and millions of conduction band electrons everywhere within with a drift superimposed". In circuits, voltage is due to surface charges. Consider a simple circuit comprising a battery, two wires and a resistor. The e.m.f of the battery is due to separation of positive from negative charges which produces an e.m.f across its terminals and a pattern of electric field surrounding them, not exactly but like a dipole. An electric field is there in the wires and in the resistor; powerful electric field and uniform within the resistor, weak and uniform within the wires. The field is set up by a tiny amount of surface charge with a steep gradient on the resistor and not so steep a gradient on the wires. It is the electric field E created by the surface charges sourced from the battery, which produces a force causing the mobile electrons to acquire a drift velocity v = μE, where μ is the mobility which is a number representing the freedom of movement of the electron in the lattice. This results in a current density J = σE, where σ is the conductivity of the wire or material of resistor and E is the electric field in the wire if considering wire and is the field in the resistor when considering the resistor. The p.d. or voltage across the resistor is the integral of a constant powerful field along its length. The p.d. or voltage across the wires is the integral of a constant but weak field along its length. Voltage is entirely because of the surface charges. Electrostatics and circuits belong to one science and not two, that of electricity and magnetism. To know how they are unified visit this link matterandinteractions.org/articles-talks/ and view the article 'A unified treatment of electrostatics and circuits. B. Sherwood and R. Chabay, unpublished. (1999)' pdf. For more details see Electric and Magnetic Interactions by Chabay and Sherwood www.matterandinteractions.org or Fundamentals of electric theory and circuits by Sridhar Chitta www.wileyindia.com/fundamentals-of-electric-theory-and-circuits.html There is a "look inside" feature in the amazon.com webpage of the book "Fundamentals of electric theory and circuits" by Sridhar Chitta with a few pages of Chapter 1 which may be viewed and also which you may swipe left or press < icon to view the foreword, preface and Table of Contents. For a video lecture by Prof Ruth Chabay on surface charge in a simple dc circuit visit kzfaq.info/get/bejne/Y52HZZxls8Wsm58.html There is a full set of lectures beginning lecture 13 here on surface charges, electric fields, simple circuits, capacitance, inductance, faraday's law, motional emf, magnetic forces and more topics here matterandinteractions.org/videos/EM.html For a live demonstration of surface charge in a circuit visit kzfaq.info/get/bejne/i52Cf8pem5-VlYU.html There is a full set of lectures beginning lecture 13 here on surface charges, electric fields, simple circuits, capacitance, inductance, faraday's law, motional emf, magnetic forces and more topics here matterandinteractions.org/videos/EM.html

Who's Garrett? You and Garrett can see a listing of all my videos at www.stepbystepscience.com

Great, thaks for commenting, You can see a listing of all my vidoes at www.stepbystepscience.com

Even mine! haha

same here but on this year...hahaha

So glad it was helpful! Thanks for your comment!

Thanks for the great comment. You can find a listing of all my videos at my website www.stepbystepscience.com

Take everything step by step.

Thanks for the comment. You can also see a listing of all my videos by topic at www.stepbystepscience.com

Glad you found me and thanks for spreading the word about my channel!

Happy to help and thanks again for the comments.

You are very welcome. Thanks for commenting.

You are very welcome.

Great, thanks for the comment. I just try to go over everything step-by-step. in fact....You can see a listing of all my videos a my website, www.stepbystepscience.com

You are very welcome.

Thanks for watching and thanks for commenting.

Great and thanks for the comment.

Glad you enjoyed it! Better late that never.

Thanks, everything Step-By-Step in fact you can see a listing of all my videos at www.stepbystepscience.com. Thanks for the comment.

3 years after your exams, what're you up to?

@@Phosfit I am now a Journeyman Parts Tech for John Deere

Glad you think so and thanks for the comment!

Great and thanks for the comment.

You mayfind the references here useful. What is a resistor? How does current branch in a network of resistors? How does it "know" how much should flow in each branch? While some detail is given in science and engineering courses about conductors, insulators and semiconductors, resistance is described in several ways. Examples include i. The restriction to the flow of electrons. ii. The difficulty in moving electrical current through a conductor to which voltage is applied. iii. a circuit element which dissipates energy in the form of heat . More appropriate description for a resistor would be the property of a conductor which determines the current produced by a given difference of potential. This makes us remember that a resistor is a conductor first. And, there is reason to say that superconductive wires dont obey ohm's law. So all conductors are resistive, though not superconductors. Resistors are used in circuits to regulate the strengths of currents either by reducing the diameter of conductors or introducing more obstacles or lattice imperfections to reduce the strength of current. The current branches in a parallel network by an elaborate rearrangement of surface charge. For more details about resistance, how current branches in a parallel circuit and ohm's law consult the following videos, articles and books. What is current ? What is voltage ? A working definition for current in conductors like metal wires is "the start-stop motion of millions and millions of conduction band electrons everywhere within with a drift superimposed". In circuits, voltage is due to surface charges. Consider a simple circuit comprising a battery, two wires and a resistor. The e.m.f of the battery is due to separation of positive from negative charges which produces an e.m.f across its terminals and a pattern of electric field surrounding them, not exactly but like a dipole. An electric field is there in the wires and in the resistor; powerful electric field and uniform within the resistor, weak and uniform within the wires. The field is set up by a tiny amount of surface charge with a steep gradient on the resistor and not so steep a gradient on the wires. It is the electric field E created by the surface charges sourced from the battery, which produces a force causing the mobile electrons to acquire a drift velocity v = μE, where μ is the mobility which is a number representing the freedom of movement of the electron in the lattice. This results in a current density J = σE, where σ is the conductivity of the wire or material of resistor and E is the electric field in the wire if considering wire and is the field in the resistor when considering the resistor. The p.d. or voltage across the resistor is the integral of a constant powerful field along its length. The p.d. or voltage across the wires is the integral of a constant but weak field along its length. Voltage is entirely because of the surface charges. Electrostatics and circuits belong to one science and not two, that of electricity and magnetism. To know how they are unified visit this link matterandinteractions.org/articles-talks/ and view the article 'A unified treatment of electrostatics and circuits. B. Sherwood and R. Chabay, unpublished. (1999)' pdf. For more details see Electric and Magnetic Interactions by Chabay and Sherwood www.matterandinteractions.org or Fundamentals of electric theory and circuits by Sridhar Chitta www.wileyindia.com/fundamentals-of-electric-theory-and-circuits.html There is a "look inside" feature in the amazon.com webpage of the book "Fundamentals of electric theory and circuits" by Sridhar Chitta with a few pages of Chapter 1 which may be viewed and also which you may swipe left or press < icon to view the foreword, preface and Table of Contents. For a video lecture by Prof Ruth Chabay on surface charge in a simple dc circuit visit kzfaq.info/get/bejne/Y52HZZxls8Wsm58.html There is a full set of lectures beginning lecture 13 here on surface charges, electric fields, simple circuits, capacitance, inductance, faraday's law, motional emf, magnetic forces and more topics here matterandinteractions.org/videos/EM.html For a live demonstration of surface charge in a circuit visit kzfaq.info/get/bejne/i52Cf8pem5-VlYU.html There is a full set of lectures beginning lecture 13 here on surface charges, electric fields, simple circuits, capacitance, inductance, faraday's law, motional emf, magnetic forces and more topics here matterandinteractions.org/videos/EM.html

Wow, thank you for the great comment.

Thank you very much!

Natalie Falk Just for you, thanks for the comment.

You are very welcome, thanks for commenting!

You are very welcome, thanks for commenting

Awesome, I have adopted son from Ethiopia.

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Thank you for the comment. You can a listing of all my videos from my website at www.stepbystepscience.com

LilBlighter Great, thanks for commenting.

Thank you very much and thanks for commenting.

Thanks for watching and the great comments.

+Jonas Pedersen You are very welcome. Thank you for the positive comment. You can see a listing of all my videos at my website, www.stepbystepscience.com

You are welcome and thanks for the great comment.

Glad it was helpful!

You may find the references here useful. What is a resistor? How does current branch in a network of resistors? How does it "know" how much should flow in each branch? While some detail is given in science and engineering courses about conductors, insulators and semiconductors, resistance is described in several ways. Examples include i. The restriction to the flow of electrons. ii. The difficulty in moving electrical current through a conductor to which voltage is applied. iii. a circuit element which dissipates energy in the form of heat . More appropriate description for a resistor would be the property of a conductor which determines the current produced by a given difference of potential. This makes us remember that a resistor is a conductor first. And, there is reason to say that superconductive wires dont obey ohm's law. So all conductors are resistive, though not superconductors. Resistors are used in circuits to regulate the strengths of currents either by reducing the diameter of conductors or introducing more obstacles or lattice imperfections to reduce the strength of current. The current branches in a parallel network by an elaborate rearrangement of surface charge. For more details about resistance, how current branches in a parallel circuit and ohm's law consult the following videos, articles and books. What is current ? What is voltage ? A working definition for current in conductors like metal wires is "the start-stop motion of millions and millions of conduction band electrons everywhere within with a drift superimposed". In circuits, voltage is due to surface charges. Consider a simple circuit comprising a battery, two wires and a resistor. The e.m.f of the battery is due to separation of positive from negative charges which produces an e.m.f across its terminals and a pattern of electric field surrounding them, not exactly but like a dipole. An electric field is there in the wires and in the resistor; powerful electric field and uniform within the resistor, weak and uniform within the wires. The field is set up by a tiny amount of surface charge with a steep gradient on the resistor and not so steep a gradient on the wires. It is the electric field E created by the surface charges sourced from the battery, which produces a force causing the mobile electrons to acquire a drift velocity v = μE, where μ is the mobility which is a number representing the freedom of movement of the electron in the lattice. This results in a current density J = σE, where σ is the conductivity of the wire or material of resistor and E is the electric field in the wire if considering wire and is the field in the resistor when considering the resistor. The p.d. or voltage across the resistor is the integral of a constant powerful field along its length. The p.d. or voltage across the wires is the integral of a constant but weak field along its length. Voltage is entirely because of the surface charges. Electrostatics and circuits belong to one science and not two, that of electricity and magnetism. To know how they are unified visit this link matterandinteractions.org/articles-talks/ and view the article 'A unified treatment of electrostatics and circuits. B. Sherwood and R. Chabay, unpublished. (1999)' pdf. For more details see Electric and Magnetic Interactions by Chabay and Sherwood www.matterandinteractions.org or Fundamentals of electric theory and circuits by Sridhar Chitta www.wileyindia.com/fundamentals-of-electric-theory-and-circuits.html There is a "look inside" feature in the amazon.com webpage of the book "Fundamentals of electric theory and circuits" by Sridhar Chitta with a few pages of Chapter 1 which may be viewed and also which you may swipe left or press < icon to view the foreword, preface and Table of Contents. For a video lecture by Prof Ruth Chabay on surface charge in a simple dc circuit visit kzfaq.info/get/bejne/Y52HZZxls8Wsm58.html There is a full set of lectures beginning lecture 13 here on surface charges, electric fields, simple circuits, capacitance, inductance, faraday's law, motional emf, magnetic forces and more topics here matterandinteractions.org/videos/EM.html For a live demonstration of surface charge in a circuit visit kzfaq.info/get/bejne/i52Cf8pem5-VlYU.html There is a full set of lectures beginning lecture 13 here on surface charges, electric fields, simple circuits, capacitance, inductance, faraday's law, motional emf, magnetic forces and more topics here matterandinteractions.org/videos/EM.html

You're welcome. So glad to be of help!

You are most welcome, glad it was helpful.

You are very welcome

That is the goal. You can link to all my videos at my website: www.stepbystepscience.com

Great that the test went well and that that you found the videos helpful. You can see a complete listing of my videos at www.stepbystepscience.com.

That's great. You're very welcome!

That's right baby!!!!

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Glad it was helpful!

+sridher Nakka Great the videos were helpful. Thanks for the comment. You can link to all my videos at my website: www.stepbystepscience.com

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My pleasure, thanks for watching!

Good luck with the exam!!

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de nada!

Excellent comment, thanks.

Great, thanks for watching and commenting.

Hope the exam goes well.

Thanks for the comment. I trx to keep it short, simple and to the point! You can see a listing of all my videos at my website, www.stepbystepscience.com

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Thank you, I will.

That is the best comment ever, thanks!

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+IAMIAN Thank you for the comment. You can see a listing of all my videos at my website, www.stepbystepscience.com

Very nice of you to say...You are very welcome, thanks for watching and commenting.

@@stepbystepscience Thank you Sir I'm just a hobbiest in electronic stuff sending u from Kingdom of Bahrain appreciated 👍

Glad that your students find them helpful...You can see a listing of all my videos at my website, www.stepbystepscience.com

great, thanks for commenting

Just trying to return the favor from when I started teaching physics 20 years ago without a degree in physics. You can see a listing of all my videos at www.stepbystepscience.com

Glad to hear that! You're very welcome.