The distance between the needle and surface will change based on the irregularities of the surface. That's what gives rise to change in potential

The distance between the tip of the scanner and substrate determines the current. The closer they are more is the current. As distance increases current rapidly decreases

Write all the concerned points. No need to worry about the pages. Don't forget diagrams

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KCG College of Technology. Chennai

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@@v.sanjaykumar6818 Depends on the unit. Mostly derivation