who else is watching this for a school assignment

You *can* turn lead into gold, but (1) the process costs more than the gold is worth, and (2) the gold produced is radioactive.

I’m new to this series, but is John Green speaking SLOWER?!?!

"worthless ancients" is the old timey "ok Boomer"

"That would be unlivable!" Yes. Yes it would be.

I still think John Green has his humor it just subtle. It was funny the way he screamed and put down Yoric's skull. That was funny for me. John Green you're still funny to me. Keep up the wonderful work.

Anybody else forced to watch this for a quarantine project

Shoutout to my man Giordano Bruno. He also advocated for the idea that all the stars in the sky were suns that had their own planets around them, and that they might foster life of their own. There's a very cool bronze statue of him in Rome, and he is honored with a bas-relief statue among the likes of Albert Einstein, Nicolaus Copernicus, and Isaac Newton as a father of space exploration in Russia's Cosmonaut Museum. RIP a true martyr of science.

Let me be the first to reiterate: "Knowledge is power, France is bacon!"

John sounds a lot less energetic... I’m not sure I like that.

*scientific Revolution in Europe happens* Europe: well now time to conquer most of the world

I want to say thank you so much John and the entire crash course team for making these

The colour scheme of his shirt is so perfect for the backdrop, specifically the frames map on the wall

Rene Descartes was born in 1596, not 1569. He was just shy of 54 when he died, not 81.

You're missing some parts, Bruno did not only preach heliocentrism he also put down many of the same problems with the catholic church as Huss and Luther later would, those statements are what got him burned. And part of the reason the church reacted so badly to Galileo was because if he proved that Bruno had been right about one thing people may start thinking he had been right about some of the stuff the church felt more strongly about. Before Bruno the church had actually been quite supportive of the quest to understand the solar system, some popes had even advocated heliocentism themselves.

Someone ought do more research on Giordano Bruno. He was burned at the stake but NOT for teaching Copernicus' Heliocentric findings. Rather it was for not teaching the Trinity, transubstantiation and religious heresy.

I dont even have an exam or school, i literally watch these just to see more of john green.

WOW I haven't watched Crash Course in many months. You have slowed down your speech DRAMATICALLY and it's amazing... so much easier to watch, so much easier to understand. I never understood why you spoke so fast in old videos. It was rattling. Well done in improving the lessons.

Galileo’s impact @ 5:46 Descartes @ 8:20 Newton @ 9:46

Such a good episode. Loved how it ended on the moon landings and tied in Galileo. Great job CC team!

What's the painting at 0:26? It's just beautiful how it portrays scientists as people who bringing light into the world, otherwise such a dark place.

The solar system is like an onion? It has layers.

These scientists deserve more than just an episode!

John, you really don't sound like you're in the best of health or spirits in this video, your voice sounds a bit deeper and lot creakier. You are undoubtedly an exceptionally important resource in the world of online video and although we might have no idea what's wrong, we all wholeheartedly wish you better in heart, mind, body and (just for completeness, purely metphorically? Or maybe even metaphysically?) soul.

I just need to tell how much I enjoy these videos. Love you crashcourse ❤️

Well you can transmute lead into gold, but it takes a nuclear reactor, and it's not worth the effort.

It's fitting that you used Yorick for the globe feature for this episode - Hamlet actually came up in an astrophysics class I took for the coolest reasons. When Tycho Brahe published his work on the 1572 supernova and its parallax being inconsistent with the "eternal universe" Aristotelian model followed by the Catholic Church, the "new star" is thought to have become something of a pop culture icon. Several modern scholars have argued that the "star that's westward from the pole" is Brahe's supernova, because Brahe's findings match Shakespeare's description. Either way, when you look at the 1586 portrait of Brahe and his noble ancestors, you'll notice two of the names - Rosenkrantz and Guldensteren - seem very familiar. Yorick, meet astrophysics.

One important thing to note is that Descartes essentially (At least tried to) deduce his way to induction, which sets him apart from the ancients who essentially relied on chains of deduction to reach conclusions with no observation

This video is very well put together! A pleasure!

hi John, I watch you from Syria, Aleppo. You made a great impact on my life.. Thanks buddy

I love your work. Welcome back

Second historical pet peeve: Galileo wasn't excommunicated for his science. He was excommunicated for publishing his science in common Italian so that common people could read it. His science wasn't illegal, it was his method of publishing his science that was illegal. At the time of Galileo, the Church was financing LOTS of scientists publishing about heliocentrism, including Kepler. Kepler and Galileo were contemporaries. Kepler never had any trouble with the church because he published in Latin for the academic elite like a good little academic guy is supposed to. Galileo was asked to stop publishing in Italian by the Pope and Galileo publicly called the Pope an idiot. Galileo was then excommunicated.

8:47 Excellent shade thrown

Let me start by expressing my continued admiration for the amazing work completed by the Crush Course. I am a long time fun and I use your videos both for teaching and for my own learning. You are amazing. It is the first time though that I take issue with some of the content and presentation of it. You are usually were fair and balanced and recognise the nuances of history and i am somehow surprised by this episode - especially it’s coverage of the relationship between scientific revolution and the Catholic Church. Let me start with things which are undeniably true: yes Galileo was trialed and ultimate arrested by the Church, yes one of the reasons was the disagreement on the heliocentric model, and yes Churched killed Bruno. As you correctly point out the investigation of the case by the Church lead to apologies. However what is missing from this narrative is all the nuance and instead it’s presented in the same conflict model, XIX century view of history with brave scientists using truth and reason to rebel against the superstition and power hungry church. That part is clearly unfair to what actually happen. Let’s start with the fact that majority of the people mentioned in the video were faithful catholics for their entire lives - including Galileo. Let’s comment on the fact that Copernicus was never persecuted or in trouble for his work. In fact his books were not under any attack from the church until much later and only due to the actions of Galileo. Let’s talk about the fact that Bruno was not persecuted because of his scientific views (he was in fact not a scientist but a mystic who misunderstood most of the science behind heliocentric - not that it’s ok for anybody to be persecuted for that but let’s not talk about him as martyr for science). What about the fact that in response to Galileo the representative of the church clearly stated that the issues with his model was just as much an issue of scientific evidence as it was of theology and that if those evidence can be provided church will have to rethink its interpretation of the scripture. How about we don’t talk about geocentric as church doctrine as it was not. And all that can be added to the fact they Descartes definitely didn’t come up with deductive reasoning. In fact most of the early modern grasp of logic was significantly inferior to scholastic logic - which can be seen in the later development of logic which returned to much of scholasticism in XX century. Apart from that - I love the series and I wish Poland was covered more.

John I've always loved history and you seem to make even the boring bits entertaining, please dont ever stop. Wondering where the next video is, I need my fix :( And I would also like to comment that I would love to see crash course tackle art history Peace

Is an episode on the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth coming soon? In fact, I'd love to see a bit more focus on the parts of Europe east of the Holy Roman Empire

1:42 except for that disease part, but that’s only a recent thing. Week 3 of social distancing wwwooooooo!

Europeans history has never been boring and it's always been interesting.

The intro music no longer blows my ears off! :) Great vid!

Great video. I especially like the concepts of observation, alternative fact, Doing your own research, and making your own conclusions. Those concepts summarize most of what I do in my scientific career. I always read original research. I look at how experiments were performed, equipment used, and the exact observations. I have found that in many cases the facts presented and texts and videos on a particular topic are not the same as the facts of the actual observations.

Lol, I'd like to blame today's technological advances for my short attention span, but I think it's just my curiosity pinging all over the place. That said, I love these crash course vids, because it's like consuming a lot of info in a bite sized format. Not to mention, it tends to answer enough of things I'm curious about, while allowing to be exposed to others that might not have crossed my radar...yet. Either way, if curious enough, I know I can look to expand my knowledge based on info taken from what I picked up here, so thanks for posting and keep up the good work.

Yay! That was _Mike's_ Yorick! Glad to see that he's not having to "rest" between bookings.

Happy to see Garcia da Orta’s work mentioned. I’m from one of the indigenous community he worked with :)

"imagine a world where you have to choose between a set of facts and a set of 'alternate' facts..." hmmm...

That was fantastic. Thank you for sharing. PEACE : )

Galileo? Galileo! Galileo? Galileo! Galileo? Galileo, figaro. Magnifico!

Loving it, keep em coming

I love your show very much, jeep it up! :)

I was looking forward to this one, but it was a letdown. To date the episodes have been well-researched, but there are many problems with the presentation given here that any intellectual historian could (and should) have pointed out. It's not only wrong details like Descartes' birthdate (1596) and omissions, like Descartes' massive contributions to math, mechanism, and ontology or the major reason for Bruno's death. Rather, there are broader conceptual failures, like the ideological freight of conceiving primarily of "the scientific revolution" as a response to religious orthodoxy (the term itself has been fiercely debated for 20-30 years now). This is simply not consistent with modern scholarship, and viewers are advised to correct and supplement their understanding with accessible resources like Lawrence M. Principe's "The Scientific Revolution: A Very Short Introduction" or Peter Dear's "Revolutionizing the Sciences."

Member of the 9th generation here and avid subscriber to this series (all of the Crash Course histories, really)

Hi CrashCourse, at 14:30 you show a painting. Could you tell me the name of the painting?

You don't win you do a little better each time Its history in a nutshell

Where had u gone for 2 weeks bro!!!?

Outstanding!

everyone please get crash course to 10million subscribers i've been watching for years and i think they deserve it

Galileo was friends with the pope and had conversations with him, but when he published his book the arguments against his claim that he mentioned in the book were made by someone who’s name in Latin means “stupid,” and were near direct quotes from what the pope said to Galileo

Who is the artist and what is the title of the background painting seen at 14:24 thru 14:27 ? It's a gorgeous painting!! Thanks.

Neuton in 9:50 looks like ninja lol

8:29 R Descartes, WHAT? no mention that he invented a mathematical/geometrical framework upon which to form the analytical tools for Newton and Leibniz?

The 60 minutes interview of John Green last night on CBS was as interesting as an episode of CrashCourse

Keep it up humanity. Optimism, science and making life better here on earth are the best.

I think you should do a Ctash Coutse on art and art history.

Fantastic visuals. Damn.

When people think that Columbus was laughed at for thinking the earth is round (which didn't happen), I think people just confuse that with the belief that the earth is the center of the universe (which did happen, although that conflict happend later).

Mr John Green, where is your sense of humour that you once had? :(

You should cover the rise of Anthropology, Philology (linguistics), and Social Science (of Course economics is older) in the next video.

Great video. Can you even imagine a world where religion holds authority over science, alternative facts run rampant and people think the earth is flat? Terrifying and impossible, I know.

You guys should do an art history series next!

I think you should have mentioned one important thing: Copernicus did his work before the Tridentine Council. So he didn’t finish burned but maybe not highly regarded either. The other ones were after the Council of Trent which is way they we’re burned.

To change a metal into another one you add/subtract protons, we’ve done it before but it’s not stable

Cool video!

John Green, did you just assume my age?

Kings and dukes weren't funding scientists out of the goodness of their hearts; they were looking for an edge against their rivals. Better weaponry, better medicine, and better manufactures. Greenwich Observatory in London (among many other giant telescopes) was built to help solve a sea navigation problem.

I am not a patron but maybe this comment will inspire one. Crashcourse Music Theory. Or maybe just music since music history is also very interesting. From how our system of notes works to chord notation and what chords work with what scales.

Excuse me Crash course but, if you don't mind, could you please do the revision thing you do at the end of the video, like, breaking the video into chapters? This was done in the Philosophy course and a few other courses. I would really love that, thank you.

I can understand the misconception with Alchemy, its a part of the hermetic tradition, something deliberately veiled in cryptic symbology and esoteric allegories. A lot of transmutation is really reference to proto-psychoanalytics (which is why Carl Jung was so invested in it) You arent actually turning lead to gold, your turning a "Base metal" into a "noble metal" through your own will power. A "base metal" is a easily corruptible undesirable metal rarely found in nature in raw form think copper penny's that oxidize pretty easily, a "noble metal" is one that maintains a raw absolute form in nature, is harder to corrupt, and more desirable. In hermetic philosophy, God is perceived to be "the all" (kind of like the atman) or all things and is believed to be perfect in the stoic sense. Meaning that God is unchanging and uncorruptable, for to be of perfect form means to not need to change for any change would be of lesser perfection. Hermetic also believe in striving to be as close to the all as possible thus meaning to exist the most genuine and uncorruptable state possible, the same as the stoics. Additionally the philosophers stone is symbolic of "the all" or the atman or God. In the sense that pursuing it grants immortality and enlightenment as well as ease in transmutation of previously said metals. To chase the philosophers stone is to chase the feeling of alignment with the universe(sort of like the Dao or the collective unconscious if you want to tie it back to Jung) Thus when referring to transmuting lead into gold through will, what is actually said is "you can control your own internal value and through willing to become less corruptible and more genuine you can become just that". Only you have the power to embrace internal negativity (like self hatred or self demeaning beliefs) but have the power to fight against those things in the pursuit of becoming gold(which would be a state of self content, self love, self acceptance etc.)

10:26 me and the boys flying a flying saucer for the first time after raiding Area 51

NEVER STOP MAKING VIDEOS

The opening of the globe, part of the video, broke me. xD

It's great to hear you at a slower pace. 👍

Great video as usual! There's just a little type that I would like to point out. At 8:22, we can read that Descartes' birth year is 1569, whereas he was born in 1596.

It's actually NOT impossible to turn lead into gold and it has already been done in the modern age, HOWEVER it costs more money to do so than the price of gold, so it's futile.

I was in college, taking a class on the Reformation and Counter Reformation (history buffs take odd classes, folks!) when the formal announcement came that Galileo had been wronged by the church was made. We sat in class, watching this on CNN (I think it was CNN) and giggled our buts off as the Vatican officials admitted not only that they'd been mistake to charge Galileo with heresy, but that they'd been teaching Galileo for centuries at their schools and universities despite never formally clearing him of heresy. It was one of the most amusing afternoons I spent that year, watching grown men in black dresses trying to double-speak in multiple languages at once to excuse something for which they should have apologized before George Washington was born

Tycho Brahe has a metal nose! The only thing I remember from high school physics class.

Beautiful

Fun fact: The Scientific Revolution is a scientific revolution. *The more you know*

This Channel is an oasis in the desert of KZfaq content for history lovers💥💥🎞

Yeah!! Next episode

Hmmm facts and alternate facts that sounds familiar. Almost like a place I'm living in but starting to think I may not be able to live in much longer.

I missed you, John Green!

Descartes birth year typo *1596 vs 1569. Thanks for the amaze vids!

8:48 crazy foreshadowing

References to History of Science (given), Philosophy (sure), and... Theater? Okay. Lights up.

Pro tip: if you watch on 1.25 speed you get to listen to normal John, not weird slowed-down John

can someone tell me the name of the painting at 1:21

I see some criticisms below about timing of scientific progress/revolution, probably right (I'm not a science student). BUT in overall context of a 'snapshot' of themes in European history, I agree that the main issue in 16-17th century was opposition to change by 'Rome' which was coming under attack at so many levels: Protestants, feisty 'absolute' monarchs and princes, even Islam in eastern Europe.....so the church dug its heels in. (Also agree that, with hindsight, we see that Newton, Galileo etc were 'right', but they were also of their time so continued to believe in alchemy, astrology etc and would probably have agreed with persecuting 'witches')

"And Rene Descartes was a drunken fart, "I drink, therefore I am." " ~Monty Python

8:45-8:56. Brilliance

Good stuff.

Johns natural acting is riveting