Realistic lighting is the most difficult element to achieve. I'm 81 and I was shooting film in 1970 and I'm still trying to learn how to master lighting.

24fps was actually not an esthetic decision, not in the beginning. The original engineering was centered on minimizing film cost. Thomas Edison did the initial research and determined that 16fps was sufficient to trick the brain into seeing continuous motion, but 16 fps was not sufficient to overcome the eye's biological/chemical reaction to light, called persistence of vision. Edison determined that the strobing action of light inherent in projection required 48 flashes of light per second in order for persistence of vision to be overcome and for the eye to perceive continuous light with no flicker. The solution was to place a shutter in projectors, like a spinning pinwheel with 3 vanes, so that each frame filmed at 16fps was flashed on the screen 3 times -- thus achieving 48 flashes of light per second while consuming only 16 fps of precious film stock -- a huge savings considering the economics of motion picture reproduction and distribution. While 16fps was standard for silent movies, 24fps emerged as the standard with the arrival of talkies. When sound was incorporated into motion pictures, it was eventually standardized to an optical track, where an actual visible audio waveform was printed on one edge of the movie film alongside the sequence of images. For this, 16fps proved to be unsuitable due to poor audio quality, but increasing the frame rate to 24fps gave the desired audio resolution and fidelity. I don't dispute aesthetic arguments about 24fps providing more "cinematic" results because higher frame rates inherently compromise motion blur. And there may be codec advantages also when fewer frames are compressed, allowing more image data to be allocated for any given data maximum data rate that a given storage system is capable of. It is not inappropriate to discuss esthetics of frame rate, and there has been a long history of experimental work, notably Douglas Trumbull who tried to market a special theater concept called Showscan, if I recall. Personally, I'm grateful for this conversation here because I am personally about to standardize on a frame rate thanks to the fact that I have just purchased 6 Tentacle Sync Track E Mk II timecode clocks, and from this day forward all my cameras will be locked down to a standard configuration. We've avoided a huge discussion of fractional frame rates here, something that evolved in the analog era to accommodate color in much the same way that 24fps replaced 16fps to accommodate optical sound. Edison's original research still holds, and all filmmakers would do well to be grounded in basic principles of continuous motion and perception of vision. Not only for esthetics, but also to understand the interaction between camera sensor scanning and various non-continuous light sources such as rasterized screens, fluorescent lighting, and LED sources.

3:46 - "this is called depth of field"; this is called *use of* depth of field; 4:11 to 4:29 - please clarify that the *numerically* smaller numbers (f/1.2, 1.4, 2, etc) are, in fact, the lenses' *maximum* aperture, its' *largest* aperture, where the lens is wide open; 4:40 - when you say, "wide angle lenses have less dof than telephoto lenses.." - wide angle lenses have *more* dof than longer lenses. DOF is the distance in front of and behind the plane of focus where sharpness is acceptable; 4:45-4:51 - an f/4 kit lens at 24mm, will have *more* dof than a 50mm lens at f/4 [everything else being the same - same camera-to-subject distance]; *DOF* is not *blur*, it's the distance in front of and behind the plane of focus where sharpness is acceptable; you can choose a (numerically smaller, physically larger) particular fstop, particular focal length, + distance from camera to *get* less dof for a blurred background & foreground, isolating the subject nicely, but people are going to think "DOF is blur".

“Cinematic“ is used so often and for so long that any video with that word in the title is usually something I skip over. You put out such good work that I wanted to see what your take on it was, and I’m glad I did. I really appreciate your definition and objective take on it rather than leaving it as some nebulous term. Lots of good info all around. Thanks for posting quality stuff!

2:03 shows a "difference" in 24 FPS. Genius.

Luc great videos! However it seems like you're confusing what depth of field really means. Depth of field is not how blurry the background is, it's how wide or narrow your plane of focus is. In other words, MORE depth of field means wider focus depth, the background is more in focus. LESS depth of field means shallower focus depth, meaning blurrier backgrounds. Also "smaller" aperture means the lens is closed down, as in using f16 of f22. Wider apertures are the ones you were referring to, ie 1.4 or 2.8.

7:20 a cameraman I worked with when I caught my break producing a television doc style show always use to say this. "Move your feet." It's the reason I loved editing what he shot and didn't enjoy some of the footage from other shooters. I will say though - boy, do I love a good crash zoom, even in docs.

*maximum aperture* is printed on the lens for the given focal length. The f-number is inversely proportional to the size of the aperture

When considering how to make your work LOOK more cinematic you should also consider the sound. Choose an editor who knows how to cut scenes to look more "natural." That means giving the subjects a chance to consider, understand, and react emotionally. First rule: Talking subjects need oxygen. Tell your editor to give plenty of pauses so that both the speaker and the viewer have that extra 1/2 second to hear and react. No motormouth editing! The real action in human speech occurs BETWEEN the words. Give your actors a pause to inhale. The best professional speakers, actors, and narrators know that cutting out all of the pauses in the narrators speech will make your work look like a KZfaq video. Give your subjects the respect they deserve. This is a vital factor if you want your work to "look" cinematic.

Thanks for the advice. Really appreciate these videos. Best channel for filmmakers by far.

That was a great. Tips are quick, useful, concise. Most of this stuff I already knew but it helped me clear my head for an upcoming shoot where I feel like I'm overthinking. I'm a fan of this man. Can't wait to watch more.

Mindset, hustle and cinematic are my favourite words who give me goosebumps. I feel like they’re often overseen.

I don't think cinematic is just framerates and filters. There are moments in big movies that seem odd and moments with cheap cameras that are packed with emotions. And then I remember Kurosawa speaking about a moment he filmed that was real cinematic. If there is a big moment that make us feel the scene, that is cinematic. And big cinematigraphers just figured it out what and how to present.

Great practical advice,thanks for sharing.You are an inspiration for young documentary producers.

First time I’ve heard the word “cinematic” without cringing super hard. Kudos on the excellent video!

You’re gifted, thanks for sharing your gifts with the world

Thanks for the vid. This is a lot of help. Especially the crash zoom I often did that. The light also a lit tip. 👍

Loved this video. Incredible simple but practical advice. You have a new sub.

this is worth to watch, thank you for your work!

Super helpful stuff man I appreciate you putting this together

What you have hit on here is essentially the difference between cinematography and videography. Yes, I agree with your assessment 100%. You always seem to have a lot of very useful information in your posts. Thanks, Luc.

Awesome tips, Luc. Thanks!

wow.. straight to the point.. thanks man! please share more

Wow! So much great info in so short a time! Thanks!

Found your channel tonight. Excellent content. Thank you for sharing your knowledge with us.

Honestly… I feel you so much when it comes to enhancing the light of the spaces that you’re in. That’s truly the difference between between something that was shot “in the moment” by a “videographer” vs a film that was truly meant to be viewed in a cinema/festival/high art context. I’d love to hear more about, and see demos of, how you transitioned from dealing with what was there to setting up more lighting to create more intentional storytelling. I think, at this point, I’m a really competent videographer. Using light for talking heads and everything else is second nature. As a solo shooter I’m curious as to how you’re able to keep your attention to what’s happening, and capturing the moment and the story, whilst also being able to rig lights and frame it well. Maybe the answer is… I stop shooting solo if I want to be creating this kind of work 😂 but I feel like there’s a huge leap in the workflow and approach from solo creator to high level documentary filmmaker that I’m trying to figure out.

Amazing videos this is like my 5th video binge watching lol all of them have brought really good value ! I love how you’re not beating around the bush and you’re straight forward with your points !

Extremely valuable content, thank you very much for this information.

Thank you, excellent points, and whatever setup you've used for this studio video looks fantastic. When you talk about lens aperture, though, for example, 1.4, I think you mean maximum aperture, not minimum. Yes, minimum numerically, but maximum optically, providing a shallow depth of field.

Wonderful tips! Thanks!

I very much enjoyed the content of this video as much as knowing your work. Im glad i ran into this. Subscribed❤

Brilliant video, Luc - thank you.

Love this! Very useful advice! Thanks!

I mostly shoot 24fps, but was impressed with some of Griffin Hammond's mini docs, and he does a really good job with 4K 60fps. So it's sometimes good to mess about with different frame rates, without them being too sharp.

This is gold. Thank you, Sir!

Luc Forsyty, you have created one of the best. Informative videos about the subject matter. Producing anamorphic movies, that I have ever come across. You earned yourself a like and subscribe.

On point! Sharing this with my film students 🤘

Fantastic info in this vid!

Great topic and explanation. Thanks!

I’ve never heard the “use zoom lenses as a variable prime” advice before. I often have to cut out the crash zooms, but if I had just moved closer even the moving footage could be useable. 👍

I think the depth of field concept is sometimes framed as “looking cool and cinematic” when it should better be used as “control of information”. Sometimes it’s a “hey, pay attention to this” or even sometimes a manipulation to purposely obscure information from your audience. I think most people don’t think about it because it’s difficult to achieve properly especially when you don’t have a focus puller. I feel like the difference between videographer and cinematographer is about 5-10 years of extra experience, knowledge, and experimentation.

Awesome video! Thank you for all the tips

A very good video, concise and well thought out. I hope to apply what I learned here today.

That was a great video. Thank you so much

That Variable Prime idea is gold. Solid info and well organized!

That was superb! Thx!

2:23 I totally agree ! Great point .

Great info. Thanks for sharing. Subscribed

This is a great video. I hope young filmmakers also remember that all 5 of those tips can be reversed or broken with equal success. your point about intention was was supreme.

Great suggestions… every one of them applicable

Subbed! Your channel is super helpful! Keep making great stuff!

Great great tips... Thanks!!!

Solid Gold video my man. Thank you!

rotated two's instead of fives? nice. Great advice overall. I think we are often tempted to use all the amazing technical solutions thus losing focus on more important things, like story, content, etc.

I think I'm going to send this video to all cam ops on my future docs. Easy description of my thought process here!

Back lighting! Thanks for the tip.

tbh the light tipps were great, thanks!

Quick hit of wisdom. Appreciate!

Great info, and thanks for sharing.

Just came across your youtube. I learnt something new. Thank you this is an eye opener. 😊

Bokeh, my new favorite word as i've been trying to obtain this from upgrading my gear for my reels. Now i can go drive my wife crazy with this exact terminology thank you so much.

Great advice, love your content👍

Excellent tips, thank you

This really broke it down. Great tips. Thx

Thanks for the video, good information. God bless you! 👍🏼🔥

Awesome video man thank you... Subbed!

Good information, motivational too.

Thank you!!

2:25 The answer is not really the frame rate but the scanning method. Since the beginning of cinema, movies are being shot progressively, that is one frame after another. Broadcast, on the other hand, uses the interlaced scan which gives an illusion of 60fps in USA and 50fps in Europe. Most people say that interlaced is obsolete whereas it is still used to this day and the finest example is the news broadcast. Also, TV cameras use 2/3-inch and 1/2-inch sensors that aren't the best option for shallow depth of field and are actually meant to make everything as sharp as possible.

Back lighting might require slightly more discussion. A dim light in the background is an interesting visual complement to good frontal lighting. If you're going to shoot a subject against a bright back light (sun, giant window, etc...) you better have a fill light or reflector in front of the subject so the subject isn't just a silhouette or the back light isn't completely blown out while adjusting exposure for the subject.

I've always thought of the term "cinematic" to be a way of using each frame to tell the story. Using layers within the frame to aid with context. Think about all those amazing westerns that have deep depth of field but still look cinematic as you feel like you're there and can see clearly what the characters are doing. Blurring everything out means you lose a sense of place and the intention of the shot. 'Joker' manages to throw a lot out of focus but with lighting and layering you always know what's going on.

Thank you for this. Just in time for our new project. Subscribing now.

Thanks man I watched this a few months ago and got a few prime lenses and took these tips into consideration and my latest music video came out even better than the one I paid for previously. I also have shot over 10 music videos for other artists and created another stream of income appreciate it!!!

This tutorial helps me a lot in achieving better Cinematography. I'm in the Philippines and I used 60 fps in my video settings.

Good tips. One things I'd definitely add to these (good and well made) points, is to not blow your highlights - especially with regards to the subject. You just don't see big blown highlights in big budget films (except for around a strong light source etc).

i dont know but . i watch this video again and again. something i learnd again & again.. as a beginner

Happy Wednesday all! So excited for Wednesday but more importantly I am happy that Luc started uploading. You are great and you have so much more to experience within the world of youtube.

Great information, so well thought out and shared!!! Thanks!

Finally some 1 addressed it "Cinematic" i never believed in it coz i believe in Cinema and Film thats all, appreciate your video brav... new subscriber

Hey man I'm just starting out trying to build a second career with a Sony FS5 mk2 and some other second hand gear and your videos have really helped show what's possible, from the 'gear you don't need' to seasoned advice like this. You're videos are really helpful, many thanks!

Great video but you speak of depth of field backwards. More depth of field means more is in focus. Less DOF means less (shallower). The “cinematic look” has less depth of field, not more.

Excellent episode great explanation 👍🏼. Subscribed 🇦🇺

Great content, great presentation, great production. Kudos. Liked and subscribed.

Amazing video man!

great stuff here, Luc… thank you! One real take-away is re: the use of lighting… I’ve taken it really seriously in still photography projects but need to bring that into video projects as well. And I believe you’ve made a great case for 24fps… I think I’ll be switching from 30.

Hands down an amazing video very informative

Dude your eyelashes are so pretty!

Such good valuable information. Glad to have found your channel. Thanks!

Thanks: nice. Especially liked the detail on lighting. Subscribed.

Very interesting info. Thank you

Thank you!

So glad I found your channel - great info - I like that you are teaching what you know - awesome thx for sharing!

This is amazing, thanks

This is my first time watching your videos and I subscribed right away! Thank you for a well done video. I plan to build my channel and intend to create 'cinematic' videos and this was exactly the information I needed. I can't stand those crisp shot videos, it's like you described, too much like a sports show look or news report. I want the cool shots with the dark, somewhat out of focus look at times. Too many people think slow motion is cinematic but honestly as soon as I see it, unless it's The Matrix, I instantly think, fake cinema. It's a sad cheat 99% of the time. I love the darker look of well done docs and movies. I really gives an instant look that something is being created instead of something is being videoed.

This is a great video in cinematography. I simplified the meaning to take the complexity out of it. Videographer: Knows how to run the tool/s. Cinematographer: Controls of the entirety of the LOOK and FEEL of the scene/shot/atmosphere. Like musicians, some people are great, strictly the instrument alone, then you have the composer/writer who brings the musicians altogether to create the feel/atmosphere of the SONG. That is similar to a cinematographer. Being a photographer prior to a videographer I realized I am on already on the path of cinematography always achieving the '' look '' and '' feel '' of what I'm shooting.

Thank you, Luc. A really thoughtful discussion. Your videos always overdeliver on the premise.

brilliant video! 👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻

You make really great videos 👍🏻 I'm learning so much, thanks a lot for sharing ⭐️

Great video, thanks!

For me, the cinematographic camera is a name that one gives to the action of recording photographic images in a certain quantity per second. For me, the most important thing is the type of images that you show to the public, the type of format, but also the composition that results in the way you capture the experience of the moment.