Solar Power Plant Shadow Analysis ! // Shadow Calculations for Row Spacing. // Solar Syatem
Shadow Analysis.
What is PV System Shade Loss?
Photovoltaic (PV) systems generate electricity via the photovoltaic effect, when sunlight knocks electrons loose in materials that make up the solar cells. As such, whenever a cell or panel does not receive sunlight due to a shaded obstruction, it lowers the amount of electricity generated by that solar section. This is what is known as PV system shade loss.
Such obstructions can come from a variety of sources:
Nearby objects, such as trees, antennas or poles
“Self-shading” from other PV panel rows
Horizon shading from the terrain surrounding the installation site
Other factors such as panel orientation, soiling or differential aging
Effects of Shade on PV Output
So what does that mean for solar power efficiency?
Intuition suggests that the power output of the panel will be reduced proportionally to the area that is shaded.
However, this is not the case. In his book Renewable Energy and Efficient Electric Power Systems Stanford University’s Gil Masters demonstrates how shading just one out of 36 cells in a small solar module can reduce power output by over 75%.
That’s right, shading just 1/36 of the cells can reduce power output by 75%.
Why Can Minimal Shading Cause Sever Power Loss?
To conceptualize why shading results in such severe losses, it is helpful to use the analogy of water flowing in pipes. The flow rate of water through the pipe is constant, much like the current through a cell string is constant for a given irradiance level. Shading a solar cell is similar to introducing a clog in a pipe of water. The clog in the pipe restricts the flow of water through the entire pipe. Similarly, when a solar cell is shaded, the current through the entire string is reduced.
This is significant because every cell in the cell string has to operate at the current set by the shaded cell. This prevents the unshaded cells from operating at maximum power.
Essentially, every cell is like a chain in a link. The shaded cell is the “weakest link”, reducing all the remaining cell’s power availability. So yes, only a small amount of shading can have a dramatic effect on the power output of a solar panel.
Similar principles apply to PV modules connected together. The current flowing through an entire string of modules can be heavily reduced if even just a single module is shaded, leading to a potentially significant loss of power output.
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