Jay, seriously, thank you for all the time and effort you put into these videos. I work part-time in my local camera shop and I always tell my customers to watch your, and Mark Galer's, Sony tutorial videos. In my opinion, it's the best knowledge and reference source for them as first-time Sony shooters. Your explanations are clear, concise, and easy to follow. This helps to ease the anxiety of navigating those Sony menus we know and love so much, lol. I also use your videos as a "brush up" reference guide for myself every so often. Keep up the great work and I look forward to watching and sharing, your future videos.
@Jason_Hermann2 жыл бұрын
Wow Thomas thank you very much for doing that! I really appreciate it and it's great to hear the videos are helping so many people :) Mark also does and incredible job and I have learned a lot from him over the years as well. All the best, Jay
@TheArizonaHooligan2 жыл бұрын
@@Jason_Hermann You're welcome, my friend. It's reassuring to my customers that they have a great resource(s) they can count on for the days I am not at the shop to field their questions.
@ShobaSadlerАй бұрын
Totally agree
@senndyjules15 күн бұрын
@@Jason_Hermann I owe this camera and the sigma 30mm what mode can you suggest me between aperture priority mode or shutter speed priority mode for gym content I want a mode I turn on the camera and film I don't want an all-time mode that I have to adjust every day before my workout I’m beginner and I want blurry background as possible thank you
@Jason_Hermann14 күн бұрын
@@senndyjules Aperture priority is what I would use and recommend and put the lens at f/1.4 for maximum background blur. Take note of what the shutter speed is coming up as when you do this. It should about double your frame rate you are recording at. So if recording at 4k/24p for example, you want your shutter speed to be 1/50sec ideally, but that is not mandatory.
@RobBanks812 жыл бұрын
I've watched countless youtubes trying to understand these settings, and finally, here is one that patiently explains the modes and demonstrates them. I'm not terrified of Manual mode anymore. You are an excellent teacher, Jason. Thank you so much.
@Jason_Hermann2 жыл бұрын
Glad it helped Rob thanks, and you are very welcome :)
@DamianRene Жыл бұрын
best ISO, Aperture, Exposure 101 video on KZfaq
@Jason_Hermann Жыл бұрын
Thank you very much Damian :)
@jessiesantiago_lbc5 ай бұрын
I’m taking a photography class and I almost quit until I found this video. I just could NOT understand wth was going on. Thank you 😊 Truly!!!
@Jason_Hermann5 ай бұрын
You're very welcome!
@santiagoawee3 ай бұрын
You should quit your photography class 😅
@WestCoastElle2 жыл бұрын
I'm a novice ZV-E10 user (well, a novice photographer). I love the illustration of the Exposure Triangle, I want to make the T-shirt of it!! Thank you, Jay, for making a learning photography such an exciting activity!
@Konnor_RK800 Жыл бұрын
hi. I also started doing photography with a sony zv e10 camera, in a month I will buy a new lens, and now I use a kit lens
@dogegaming448 Жыл бұрын
Man you're a genius, a week ago got the ZV-10 First seen your 1.5 hour beginner tutorial and made some points & this 30 mins video can make anyone pro.. Instead of putting aperture 1 video Iso one video You explained it short and sweet I was using the camera the same way while you're explaining.. You earned a sub.. You're really really a good teacher.. Keep up the good work
@Jason_Hermann Жыл бұрын
Thank you for the kind words and I'm really glad you got so much out of these videos!
@divineleads Жыл бұрын
Thank you so much Jason. I just bought the zv - e10 3 days ago and I looking for a practical video like this. I really loved your setup, which was perfect for explaining all the setting properly. Really Loved and Appericiate your time making this video. God Bless You.
@rossilaveryАй бұрын
I have watched EVERY video on the best settings for this camera and I was constantly giving up after just being overwhelmed by endless menus and settings without explanation. Your explanation of the relationship between aperture, shutterspeed and ISO instantly made sense. Now I know how to get the best settings but also why they are the best as well. My knowledge of photography just doubled with this video. Thanks for posting.
@ThePhobicFlyer2 жыл бұрын
Great video Jay!! Really appreciate the very easy to understand explanations on how to use the ZV-E10! Thanks. Andy
@ArmatisReviews Жыл бұрын
What an amazing video explaining everything in ways pretty much anyone can understand. Thank you.
@drpolishmatt Жыл бұрын
Great video! Thank you so much! Everything neatly explained with examples - on camera. Fantastic material with immediate practical application.
@kelly_browning Жыл бұрын
EXCELLENT tutorial! Subbed! Thank you for creating this video, Jason!
@ditarnavska9542 Жыл бұрын
Oh that's exactly what I wanted to know, for beginners - this is priceless. This photographer became the guide I could ask for! Thank you!
@Jason_Hermann Жыл бұрын
You're very welcome!
@TheBionicbone6 ай бұрын
Great video, with plenty of time to explain everything without the need to keep pausing and scrolling back and forth. Amazing thank you.
@JoeyBeeFit2 жыл бұрын
I just wanted to say that you are fantastic teacher. I love the way you're explaining and showing and I haven't even come close to finishing the video yet. Simple, clean and to the point. For people like me who know nothing about cameras this is absolute gold and there should be a lot more "likes" than only in the 300s LOL. I want to let you know that I also subscribe to your channel simply off this video. The fact that you took so much time and energy to explain this stuff in the way that you have really is appreciated. Thanks again!
@Jason_Hermann2 жыл бұрын
Wow, thank you very much for the exceptionaly nice comments :) I really appreciate it and the reward of reading a comment like this is priceless to somebody like me! Thank you :) All the best, Jay
@JoeyBeeFit2 жыл бұрын
@@Jason_Hermann 👊✊👍🙏
@SourabhVourabh Жыл бұрын
Thank you so much, Jason! I came here after watching your beginners guide video a few weeks ago, and this was equally helpful. Awesome stuff 😀
@Jason_Hermann Жыл бұрын
You're very welcome and thank you for the kind words Sourabh :)
@PhantomDrawing10 ай бұрын
Wow! You are amazing! Thank you so much for doing what you do! This video was extremely helpful! Just subscribed! :)
@alexstrachan85402 жыл бұрын
Awesome video, so helpful and informative… thankyou 👌
@TekCrafter5 ай бұрын
This video helped me a lot. Nice job! Thanks for all the effort!
@MrFaccts10 ай бұрын
YOU ARE A GOOD TEACHER, I LEARNT WHAT PEOPLE LEARN IN A YEAR FOR JUST IN 27 MINUTES . THANKS A LOT MAN 🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏
@santiagoawee3 ай бұрын
Thanks for the detailed explanation on shutter speed, aperture and iso. 😊
@OGabrielRubens2 жыл бұрын
Such a fantastic job here. It is simple and short and I know how hard you have to work to make something simple to understand. Thank you so much for that!
@Jason_Hermann2 жыл бұрын
Thank you very much and I'm glad you enjoyed it ;)
@TapInAndVibe9 ай бұрын
Such a great video! Needed this!
@shanonmarie448010 ай бұрын
Jay...Thank you for such a comprehensive and easy-to-follow video. I was a bit scared about not understanding the camera. After watching the video I can confident to start shooting and figuring things out as I go! Thank you so much!
@KellyMillerGerlach Жыл бұрын
Fabulous! Very informative and clear tutorials. Greatly appreciated!
@Jason_Hermann Жыл бұрын
You're very welcome!
@kenkioqqo Жыл бұрын
This is why I subscribed to your channel. You explain these concepts so well that it makes learning Sony ZV-E10 videography fun.
@Jason_Hermann Жыл бұрын
I appreciate that :)
@marius4166 Жыл бұрын
Great video with samples which i was looking for.
@themagicbeanbag2 жыл бұрын
Incredibly detailed video, specific to one camera. Great job, thank you!!!
@Jason_Hermann2 жыл бұрын
Glad you enjoyed it!
@codydelong17 ай бұрын
Just got this camera with the Sony 10-20 lens. As a newbie wanting to explore beyond auto mode, I'm so happy to have found your excellent video. Best explanation of the exposure triangle I've seen. I'll be watching this several more times. Thank you Jason!
@Jason_Hermann7 ай бұрын
You are very welcome Cody and thank you for the great comments :)
@DuceLeeTV2 жыл бұрын
I just watched your other video for beginners, awesome 👌 thanks a lot for the walk thru! Great vids!
@Jason_Hermann2 жыл бұрын
Glad you like them and thanks for the comments!!
@JJDrones Жыл бұрын
I just purchased this camera and waiting to get my hands on it. I've been shooting all of my KZfaq videos and photography using drones and my phone but I'm trying to up my game. I'm definitely going to watch this over sand over because I never understood the triangle until today. Thank you
@Jason_Hermann Жыл бұрын
Awesome to hear and this video was made for people like you! All the best, Jay
@JayceKim-cy3mp4 ай бұрын
Thank you for the precise explanation ! The video was super useful even though it is posted 2 years ago !
@compassioncucumbersveganpod Жыл бұрын
fantastic video!! Thanks so much!
@VQTPiano2 жыл бұрын
Thanks a lot for your video. It's not just about the Sony Zve10, but help me a lot of how to understand all these techniques
@Jason_Hermann2 жыл бұрын
Glad it was helpful and I really appreciate the kind comments :) I try to include as much helpful knowledge as possible along the way...
@therealdeihl2 Жыл бұрын
Dude you've helped me so much. Can't thank you enough
@jeffcequena25Ай бұрын
Thank for the Video !! It Helps me a lot 😎👌
@MarkTrinidad81 Жыл бұрын
A million thanks for this!🙏🏽😀
@VedantaGuruji2 жыл бұрын
Woooooooow no words to express i m using such camera for the 1st time and u made it so simple to understand the basic. i actually just want to setup for studio setup with basic facility, like basic lights, mic etc I haven't tried it yet but its set to shoot now. this 30min video is really worth watching.
@VedantaGuruji2 жыл бұрын
actually i spent much more than 30 min to watch this video since I was practically following the steps. though all the terms are new to me but now I really feel little confident
@DisplayproLiveStream2 ай бұрын
Brilliant explanation, helped me understand a bit more.
@SandunSuranga2 жыл бұрын
Thank you very much
@ADDLOOPS111 ай бұрын
❤❤ Great explanations!
@GabAlcantara2514 күн бұрын
Thank you for this, I just bought my ZVE10 and looking for a beginner friendly guide and this video really helped me.
@marckzwol Жыл бұрын
A Good tutorial, thanks, greetings from the Netherlands
@estevaooliveir45 ай бұрын
thanks bro, helped a lot
@iamexpertnoob Жыл бұрын
I needed this video
@lectrictraveler2 жыл бұрын
I just subscribed. I learned a lot. I also saved your video to refer to. Thanks Jason I appreciate you creating this video. I just bought my ZV-E10 and also bought the Sigma 16mm lens to do some neat stuff on my KZfaq Garden channel that my wife and I are working on. I will keep watching your content. You explain things very easily to follow. --chris
@ecomtechnet Жыл бұрын
This helped me a lot to understand these settings, much appreciated and well explained. Thank you very much👍🏻
@Jason_Hermann Жыл бұрын
You're very welcome!
@Rahul53dz11 ай бұрын
After so many lessons videos this is one of them that made me understand the camera settings thoroughly. Now i think I won't be using auto settings anymore. Thank you
@ellamet Жыл бұрын
this was a great explanation, definitely learned so much about this camera! Thank you!
@Jason_Hermann Жыл бұрын
You're very welcome!
@geminicenturion59612 жыл бұрын
A very informative and easy to follow tutorial video.
@atulsinghafilms2 жыл бұрын
One of the best videos I have seen has a great explanation too
@Jason_Hermann2 жыл бұрын
Wow, thanks!
@otakugains690010 ай бұрын
This was INSANELY helpful ! I’m new to photography/videography and I have the Sony zv e10 along with the sigma 16mm lens and I didn’t know much of this at all 😅 about to watch the others videos to learn more 👏🏽
@graycat117 Жыл бұрын
This video was so helpful as someone getting started in photography with ZV-10, thank you!
@Jason_Hermann Жыл бұрын
You're very welcome!
@surjakumarkh16027 күн бұрын
Thanks for the information. This is by far the best tutorial I ever came across. You just earned a subscriber. Respect
@Jason_Hermann27 күн бұрын
Awesome, thank you!
@gling55512 жыл бұрын
Appreciate your effort man!
@donbulaong Жыл бұрын
Best tutorial! Very practical! Thank you sir!
@Jason_Hermann Жыл бұрын
You're very welcome!
@aim.1 Жыл бұрын
So helpful and so well done. Thanks!
@Jason_Hermann Жыл бұрын
You're very welcome!
@faction952 жыл бұрын
Great video. Thank you.
@babystepsparrow2646 Жыл бұрын
Great discussion. One of the best.
@Jason_Hermann Жыл бұрын
Thank you :)
@randallbrander8157 Жыл бұрын
Now if I watched this video before I started testing my ZV-E10 I would of had less problems. Thank You for this video! Cheers!
@Jason_Hermann Жыл бұрын
You're welcome!
@moritzhornung9706 Жыл бұрын
Bought this as my first real camera for streaming and video capturing together with a sigma 1.4 16mm...and WOW this video (and especially manual mode explanations) helped like a charm to get the picture I was seeking. Awesome!
@Jason_Hermann Жыл бұрын
Awesome to hear Moritz and thanks for the kind words :) If you ever want to take the video footage to the next level, be sure to check out this more advanced video on S-Log2: kzfaq.info/get/bejne/oNSea5V3zcmYdKM.html
@moritzhornung9706 Жыл бұрын
@@Jason_Hermann Great hint thx. I'll check it out.
@almandofrancois89869 ай бұрын
Can't thank you enough for this video👊👊👊
@alexgoriatchenkov Жыл бұрын
Wow I know whole theory and using years different cameras but could't stop to watch your beautifully with each step demonstrative explanations . Thank you Gold teacher . Have a great live.
@sutharsan.vlog.jaffna2 ай бұрын
Thank you this one video explained everything clearly thank you for your effort
@Jason_Hermann2 ай бұрын
You're very welcome!
@Djphonolyz3 Жыл бұрын
Thank you very much sir!! Awesome vid and such a good teacher.
@Jason_Hermann Жыл бұрын
You're very welcome and thank you for the kind words Chris :)
@sannimcnun Жыл бұрын
You’re amazing✨
@emadmohammed53232 жыл бұрын
thank you for your efforts. Very helpful
@Jason_Hermann2 жыл бұрын
You are welcome!
@karthickjeyaraj94711 ай бұрын
Its wonderful mate
@James.Brooke Жыл бұрын
Superb 👌🏻
@OliWinchester2 жыл бұрын
Thanks for the video.... learned a lot as a beginner. :)
@Jason_Hermann2 жыл бұрын
You are very welcome Oli :)
@SamuelBoschMIT2 жыл бұрын
Very useful! Thank you :)
@Jason_Hermann2 жыл бұрын
You're welcome!
@360History Жыл бұрын
Superb 💐
@Jason_Hermann Жыл бұрын
Thank you! Cheers!
@nivinsunnygeorge1322 жыл бұрын
Thank you so much sir🥰
@rocfilmworks Жыл бұрын
thank you its a great help. God bless
@Jason_Hermann Жыл бұрын
You're welcome!
@actormenischkumar712 жыл бұрын
Well done delighted. Love from India.
@MHennig Жыл бұрын
Trank you very much! Great Video!👌
@Jason_Hermann Жыл бұрын
Thank you 👍
@hmmm8271Ай бұрын
Thank you sir
@pavelsmityukh8493 Жыл бұрын
Great! Thanks!
@Jason_Hermann Жыл бұрын
You're welcome!
@pavelsmityukh8493 Жыл бұрын
@@Jason_Hermann I am probably gonna buy it tomorrow so I was scouting sooooo much about my future camera and I have small dilemma :) Because I’m also considering a6400. I like more body and feel of a6400, but it doesn’t have eye focus in videos, catalyst browse and it have mini usb and it’s more expensive (actually don’t understand why, it should be another way :) ) zv e10 is more plasticky , no weather shield , and zoom lever is annoying when you touch it accidentally on prime lens and you can’t turn it off… what’s is your not bias thoughts on that ? Which is better to take ?
@sanjaygopal9293 Жыл бұрын
Like it. Subscribed.
@Jason_Hermann Жыл бұрын
Awesome, thank you!
@BeadnWithNicoleB3 ай бұрын
Thank you for this video. This stuff is intense for newbies 😅
@Jason_Hermann3 ай бұрын
You can do it!
@BeadnWithNicoleB3 ай бұрын
@Jason_Hermann So far so good. My channel is about me making beaded jewelry, so I need good quality. I was trying to figure out how to put a piece of jewelry close to the lens without losing focus.......still working at it. 😊
@samsammaniamantap Жыл бұрын
as a zve10 (new) user , it's very useful thanks
@Jason_Hermann Жыл бұрын
You're welcome!
@LukOfficial Жыл бұрын
This is so helpful, I got the E10 now and try to see whats best for my videos. Never seen something so easy to understand. I have a question, when I record outside my Dj set, should I fix the ISO? As it moves up and down depending how the sun hits. I want it to be stable as possible
@chamithathukorala1985 Жыл бұрын
Thax sir ❤️💛❤️💛❤️💛❤️
@Arlyndonnelly Жыл бұрын
Wow I was bout to throw my camera across the room due to auto mode. I am pleased with my manual mode footage now that I actually know how to work it. You out here changing lives 😂
@Jason_Hermann Жыл бұрын
👊
@bartmeeus9033 Жыл бұрын
I saw this video and i subscribed to your channel instantly, thank you for explaining this pretty well and showing all in detail, great video! I often film at parties at low light with lightning effects (with the sigma 16mm F1.4 and 30mm F1.4), any suggestions because a lot of others say to adjust the shutter to the FPS (double). At this point i often use Program Auto and Aperture Priority and stayed away from Manual Mode what gives me nice sharp results because lights change fast at parties, i do limit the ISO, do you think using a steady shutter speed would result in better quality or should i keep auto modes because these conditions?
@sunonymous12 жыл бұрын
I just purchased a Sigma 16mm 1.4 for my camera to vlog. Cool lense in lowlight...actually amazing...but my Sony ZV E10 is still very new as well. I couldn't figure out for the life of me how to adjust the aperture, and I even have an old A5100. I figured out how to adjust everything else, but the F stop. When you simply turned that dial and the aperture adjusted, I almost fell out of my chair. How did I make something so easy that hard in my head. lololol. THANK YOU!!!!!!
@Jason_Hermann2 жыл бұрын
Thanks for sharing your great story! If you don't know you just don't know.... ;) When I first got the Leica D-Lux I could not figure out how to change stuff either. It was crazy until I realized it was a manual camera and I actually needed to physically turn the lens aperture to change it. It was the first time I came across a camera like that, but super fun to learn. Just keep playing around and practicing and soon enough you have this camera mastered ;) If you ever need help don't hesitate to ask! All the best, Jay
@lylewyant33562 жыл бұрын
Coming from Manuel b/w from the early 80's with a Pentax K1000 and developing, this is a good review.
@Jason_Hermann2 жыл бұрын
Thanks Lyle and welcome to the digital side of things... :)
@RBHD93 Жыл бұрын
Is there a way to change the aperture in the intelligent auto mode? Seems to be perfect with lighting in this mode but can't find a way to change the aperture as it only focuses on things really close to the lense.
@ChrisEdi2 жыл бұрын
Jay this was super helpful! Thank you 🤝 What would you recommend if I wanted to have the whole scene in focus? I have a controlled lighting set up where I make follow along workout videos so I move around a lot in the scene but would also like everything else in focus for the duration of the workout, couple plants, wall decor, dumbbell rack etc... Spent a few hours today moving lights around😂 Wish I watched your video before hand. Any tips would be greatly appreciated!
@Jason_Hermann2 жыл бұрын
Hey Chris, looking jacked bro!! Keep it up ;) As far as camera settings go, I would try raising the aperture number to like f/5.6 or f/8 depending on how much lighting you have. You don't want the ISO to be to high... You are using the 16-50mm kit lens also?
@ChrisEdi2 жыл бұрын
@@Jason_Hermann Awesome thanks! :) I'll try it out today, Yes using the kit lens.
@LukOfficial Жыл бұрын
Also you explaining what settings u have on the video right at 28min.. whats the picture profile you have?
@jollybea33212 жыл бұрын
Hi Jay, i’m confused why i cannot change the aperture for my FE 35mm f1.8 lens on my ZV-E10. Can you help me out? Thank you so much!
@zanyamaxwell82875 ай бұрын
Thanks for the video! should the metering always be at 0?
@angelroselosabio85495 ай бұрын
Hi! I have the Godox lux junior camera and i'm trying to use it with the Sony ZV-e10. I would love to ask how I can use the flash with it? I tried changing the settings of the camera to manual and when I do the flash doesn't work even if the lights is on green. It only works when I use the auto setting in the camera, however, when I do the photo turns overexposed. I'm not good with cameras, can anyone please help? Thank you!
@KeithsTVHD12 жыл бұрын
Thanks for this video ,yes I need to take off my training wheels lol
@Jason_Hermann2 жыл бұрын
You got this Keith ;) Thank you for the comments and all the best, Jay
@ericjcollazo Жыл бұрын
this dude is amazing.
@Jason_Hermann Жыл бұрын
Thanks Eric ;)
@ericjcollazo Жыл бұрын
@@Jason_Hermann thanks for the response! i have a question for you, what’s the best way to learn while shooting? i struggle with knowing when to try my hand at manual (i saw your more advanced next video with the zv10) and when to put it in an automatic mode? for example, i am going into philly tomorrow, and want to take good pics, but also don’t want to mess it up by being in manual all day and then realizing i didn’t take any usable pics. what is your strategy? switch between modes?
@Jason_Hermann Жыл бұрын
I would recommend using the camera in Av mode mostly so you have control over the depth of field, and I would leave the ISO in Auto for the most part. Then all you have to worry about is wether or not you want the background blurry pretty much if focusing on something fairly close or taking a portrait for example. When in doubt put the camera in full Auto or P mode which is full auto with the ability to change a few things. You can also use Scene mode and select what you are shooting as well... I would not shoot in full manual mode if walking the streets of Philly. It will just take too much time and take you out of the moment possible depending on what your traveling to Philly for. When you have unlimited time I would play with Manual mode and practice. I only use manual mode when in my studio, because I need to adjust the camera for Off Camera Lighting and what not. Outside I almost always use Av mode w/ Auto ISO myself because it's just easier 90% of the time and still gets the desired results which is all that really matters... I hope that helps and be safe out there 👊
@ericjcollazo Жыл бұрын
@@Jason_Hermann this is such a thoughtful response. thank you! this is perfect. ill test it it out! its for my wifes b-day. so ill be jumpin around. dont want to slow everyone down and want some quality pics. thanks! just got the zve10 for christmas and learning and mastering it!
@luism.2050 Жыл бұрын
Thanks for this detailed video 👍 Quick note ☝️, because I couldn’t see bulb when I was scrolling down past 30sec with my Shutter Speed: Drive mode has to be switched to single shot. Not timer or continuous shooting (I already had done this) But a sneaky one is, Auto HDR has to be switched off (that’s what prevented me from seeing BULB) And the manual also says - Picture Effect can’t be HDR or Rich Tone - no Silent Shooting
@Jason_Hermann Жыл бұрын
Nice work figuring that out Luis and thank you for sharing 👊
@maximilianopalacios6320 Жыл бұрын
And what does bulb do?
@sidejike4387 ай бұрын
Hi Jason, thanks for this great video. I've been following the instructions right from the "How to use the camera" video however on the "Aperture priority" segment from about 6:00 mark where you had the aperture at f22. I tried to get my shutter speed at 1.3 also but the number keeps fluctuating on its own. I am not sure if its from the setting and how do I fix it. I am also in Aperture priority mode in the shoot mode setting so not sure what's wrong.
@Jason_Hermann7 ай бұрын
Hello, If you have the ISO hard set to a number the "auto exposure" will use the shutter speed to maintain. Auto ISO will use a combo of shutter and ISO to maintain the exposure. So it is normal the see the shutter number change a little bit, especially if the lighting is changing in front of the camera a lot. In full manual mode this will not happen... Happy New Year!
@veronikastefanova Жыл бұрын
Hello, how to sett my videos to not blurr my face when I recording video for training while I am Moving? Thanks
@saintwolfcrypto8 ай бұрын
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
@raicabardophotography Жыл бұрын
Hello, Jason! Fantastic video! Thank you for the tips. I only have one question on timeline 15:00. I see that you adjusted the shutter speed at 1/400 on the upper portion after adjusting the aperture. However, when I try to adjust the shutterspeed on my ZV E10, both wheels only adjust the aperture.
@Jason_Hermann Жыл бұрын
Hello, I have the ZV-E10 in Shutter Priority Mode at that time stamp so it's changing shutter speed...