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St. Cyril of Alexandria was a bishop who lived in the 300s-400s. He was a Patriarch of Alexandria. He also played a large role in combating the heretic Nestorius. St. Cyril of Alexandria is recognized as a Doctor of the Church.
St. Cyril of Alexandria was born in the year 376. Cyril’s uncle Thephilus was Patriarch of Alexandria, and he oversaw Cyril’s education in classical subjects and theology. Little else is known for certain about Cyril’s early life.
Cyril was ordained by his uncle Theophilus. Then, Cyril accompanied Theophilus to the Synod of the Oak in Constantinople in the year 403.This synod deposed St. John Chrysostom, and Cyril believed him to be guilty of the charges that were brought against him.
When Theophilus died in 412, a riot broke out. The riot was between those who wanted Cyril to succeed his uncle as Patriarch and the supporters of another man named Timotheus (riots among the citizens of Alexandria were a frequent occurrence at the time). Cyril was then named the new Patriarch of Alexandria.
Some of Cyril’s first work as Patriarch was to combat a sect known as the Novitians, a strict sect that did not allow readmission of repentant apostates (the Novitians were later declared heretical). Cyril closed the Novitians’ churches. Cyril also drove the Jews out of the city and combated the governor, whose actions he disagreed with.
In the year 430, Cyril came into conflict with Nestorius, who was the patriarch of Constantinople. Nestorius was preaching that Christ was not fully human and that Mary should not be called the Mother of God. Cyril persuaded Pope Celestine I to call a Synod about the matter.
After the Synod condemned the teachings of Nestorius, Cyril did likewise at his own synod in Alexandria. The Pope told Cyril to remove Nestorius from his position. Cyril then presided over the Third General Council at Ephesus. This council condemned all the tenants of Nestorianism as heresy.
When Nestorius’ followers discovered what had happened, they held their own council and deposed Cyril. Then, the emperor had both Cyril and Nestorius arrested. When Papal legates attested that Cyril was innocent, he was released.
Soon, Cyril and the archbishop of Antioch reached an agreement about Nestorius and forced him into exile.
Throughout the rest of his life, Cyril wrote theological works. His treatises on the Trinity and Incarnation helped combat the Nestorian heresy, as well as Pelagianism.
Cyril was a brilliant theologian and was declared a Doctor of the Church by Pope Leo XIII in 1882. He is a noteworthy figure of early Church history because of his works on Mariology and his insistence that Mary deserved the title Theotokos.
St. Cyril of Alexandria is the patron saint of the city of Alexandria. You can ask for his prayers if you live in Alexandria, or for someone you know who lives in Alexandria. You can also ask him to pray for the leaders of the city of Alexandria.
St. Cyril of Alexandria is also a great saint to seek intercession from if you are a theologian, since he was a brilliant theologian and Doctor of the Church.
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