DNA vs RNA - Differences in Form and Function

DNA vs RNA - Differences in Form and Function | Stated Clearly

Рет қаралды 90,256

Күн бұрын

This video comes with a worksheet and slides you can download here:
- Free worksheet: drive.google.com/file/d/1ST9q...
- PowerPoint slides for teachers: forms.gle/Qj6LKdd7YtX71J4o9
If you found this video useful, you can always support my work on / statedclearly
Special thanks for Dr. Anthony Pool for helping edit this script and answer questions during production.
Huge thanks to TE AO MĀRAMA, Centre for Fundamental Inquiry. They, along with our patrons, funded the production of this animation. www.teaomarama.auckland.ac.nz/
Explore Further by reading the following scientific articles:
1953 paper describing the structure of DNA:
dosequis.colorado.edu/Courses...
Relics from the RNA world:
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9419222/
Comparative Analysis of RNA Families Reveals Distinct Repertoires for Each Domain of Life
journals.plos.org/ploscompbio...
The case for an Early Biological Origin of DNA
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
Confounded cytosine! Tinkering and the evolution of DNA
www.nature.com/articles/35052091
Methyl-RNA: an evolutionary bridge between RNA and DNA?
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
Modern mRNA proofreading and repair: clues that the last universal common ancestor possessed an RNA genome?
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15774...
00:00:00 Tools for Biology Teachers
00:00:20 Form equals function
00:01:05 DNA vs RNA: Differences in function
00:02:42 Cells use DNA for information storage
00:03:13 DNA and RNA: Differences in structure
00:03:58 Some viruses use RNA for information storage
00:04:40 Atomic structure of DNA and RNA nucleotides
00:07:17 DNA uses thymine, RNA uses uracil
00:08:04 Review of DNA vs RNA
00:09:05 DNA's structure discovered in 1953
#DNA #RNA #mRNA

Пікірлер: 92

@mrvlhs Жыл бұрын

The name of this channel is no joke. Things are indeed started clearly. It's refreshing to find a source of information that is based in coherent explanations of form and function, cascading from first principles. Should be the norm but unfortunately it's not. Education is still based largely on memorization instead of understanding. Thank you for making such valuable content 👍

@tonyleukering8832 Жыл бұрын

Indeed, we are not, in general, taught to think, only to remember.

@christianelder4983 8 ай бұрын

@@tonyleukering8832 Yet not just memorization but often indoctrination. It's amazing how many are caught up in the evolution delusion. The narrator or developer of this animation is another one caught up in it. He's summarizes and compares the complexity of the inner workings of RNA and DNA, but then credits evolution with somehow figuring it out. Evolution figures out nothing. DNA the highly complex information system upon which all life is based did not come about by chance. That didn't happen. Random chaotic elemental interaction does not produce complex information. The information was created, it had (has) a designer. The bottom line of scientific inquiry should be who is that creator? Paul tells us in Colossians Jesus is our Creator. "Who is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn of every creature: For by Him were all things created, that are in heaven, and that are in earth, visible and invisible, whether they be thrones, or dominions, or principalities, or powers: all things were created by Him, and for Him: And He is before all things, and by Him all things consist." Col. 1:15-17

@maracachucho8701 Жыл бұрын

I would have loved it if this video existed back when I was in school, but I'm still grateful for it even now that I'm working on my thesis!

@thelostone6981 Жыл бұрын

Maybe I’m odd, but it is a numinous feeling to be living in a time when we have the scientific method to help better understand our universe and those of us living in it. To think that for billions of years, simple life flourished and then began to diversify to the point that there is us, canines, jellyfish and orchids!! It blows my mind and I love it! Thanks Stated Clearly for the thoughtful and precise explanations of the sciences. I never studied any of this in college (finance graduate), but I do love learning these things! Cheers

@DeconvertedMan Жыл бұрын

You might be odd, but I think that scinece lets us see the real world, and its pretty amazing, and scary, and wonderous and all the things because its really real, and we can know that for sure! That is amazing!

@logic8673 Жыл бұрын

We have the intution of what has design. Also a sense of improbability and probability. If DNA has 6 billion letters. The 3 Letters form individual code. Sequences are instructions. Pulling random letters out of a box to form a word is not the magic, the magic is the mind who perceive it as a word. Similarly Gene from DNA means nothing unless it means something to something else. In this case nanomachines. Blow your mind is your intuition ....what do you think? what do you think it tells you? Especially if you have some idea of probability.

@MikkoRantalainen Жыл бұрын

However, the *scientific method* is still so poorly teached in elementary schools that many people with religious background fail to understand it properly even after fully completing the elementary school. I think this is the single biggest failure of modern education system.

@larsnystrom6698 8 ай бұрын

@thelostone6981 You aren't odd! Some people thought so in the 1600s. We know more now. But 400 more years won't hurt. Someone the will think this thought then too!

@abbasfadhil1715 Жыл бұрын

I can't express my gratitude for how you really made me fall in love with biology (in particular, evolution and how different relations between species emerged).I live in Iraq, where evolution is taught in a conservative way but not entirely discarded. The more I know about the interactions and the stuff that's going on in your body to keep you alive, the more I love how outstanding our existence is. Unfortunately, I'd been taught that life came in the form that it does now. It literally put down my curiosity to know more about how these fascinating organisms came to be. Again, keep up your content so more people will probably share my experience (I almost forgot to say that I'm 15 and still in school, and I use much of your material to help me get through biology classes).😊🤩❤

@miginstol1 Жыл бұрын

Thank you for always clearing my concepts it's really helpful for my upcoming exam

@marc-ericleblanc-seguin4514 Жыл бұрын

New Stated Clearly videos always make me happy

@Ningen250 Жыл бұрын

This is one of the best channels or sources of informations ever, and what amazes me is the Precision and quality of the informations it just incredible, I want to you to talk about the chemical structure of any organism.

@ImAMassiveBender Жыл бұрын

I love the way at the end you had some questions and said "These are mysteries that you, dear viewer, might solve." Rather than "these are mysteries that you can solve by subscribing to Brilliant" or "Curiosity Stream"

@ordinarryalien Жыл бұрын

It's been a long time, welcome back. :)

@sciencenerd7639 Жыл бұрын

Your explanations and animations are amazing. Thanks so much for all that you do.

@Mark-Wilson Жыл бұрын

I enjoy videos like these. Keep making them!

@ShakaKG Жыл бұрын

I like how upgraded are your animations are now. The sounds and detailed information that intersect with previous videos. Thank you

@DarrenGedye Жыл бұрын

Superb work as usual! I did a double take when I saw some te reo Māori in your opening title. Te Ao Mārama "the world of light" traditionally refers to when Tāne (god of forests and birds) separated his parents Ranginui (the sky father) and Papatūānuku (the earth mother). This let the sun shine in between his parents and created our world, the world of light.

@ASB2790 Жыл бұрын

Love this channel, i will use this in future to explain these concepts to my son

@tranquilious 6 ай бұрын

So far the best video on DNA and RNA on the internet! Thank u so much

@albertvejil5976 Жыл бұрын

The best I have seen today on explaining the difference between DNA and RNA. Thank you so much!

@Khan_zadi429 Жыл бұрын

no doubt you stated clearly all the concepts about dna your teaching way and animation is amazing

@LeftSoulz Жыл бұрын

I've aways thought about why we have this difference in the nucleotide T in DNA and U in RNA, its pretty interesting to see that its the same reason we have the difference between the RNA and DNA structure itself. brilliant!

@kengoold7157 11 ай бұрын

that's a great presentation mate. very clear. just subscribed, looking forward to more.

@Damn_it. Жыл бұрын

Thanks for the video just before my biology exam

@haroldwood1394 10 ай бұрын

What an excellent discussion! Thank you.

@kristinejoypequena8478 4 ай бұрын

Wow I love this channel, everything is stated clearly!

@Artful-Adventure 8 ай бұрын

The best video for knowing the different between RNA and DNA. Thank you so much for making these kind of valuable informative videos.

@axijazi 27 күн бұрын

Great video, thank you so much!

@Phyjix Жыл бұрын

Clear - Simple - Great

@Abigail_Hertsberg 5 ай бұрын

It helped me a lot! Awesome channel❤

@sevimocak477 Жыл бұрын

Its awesome one of your videos. Thanks for your good work.

@extraterrestrial7424 9 ай бұрын

Very well done. You even don't forget to name all the exceptions to the general rule several times.

@Pingwn Жыл бұрын

I am glad to see another science video from you! Do you know rather or not there is an example of an RNA virus switching to use DNA?

@StatedClearly Жыл бұрын

Retroviruses (like HIV) do this. They have an RNA genome, they convert it to DNA once inside the cell, then they insert that DNA into the host's DNA. If you can imagine a thing, there's a virus out there somewhere doing it!

@Lavindil23 Жыл бұрын

Thank you for the video.

@mayurchaudhari850 Жыл бұрын

The difference between thymine and uracil is a methyl group

@kensaville513 2 ай бұрын

Thanks - definitely stated clearly. I would like to have also seen more emphasis on how RNA folds up to form complex 2D and 3D structures allowing it to function as ribozymes.

@jim409 10 ай бұрын

Superb video. ❤

@mdesm2005 6 ай бұрын

Thanks!

@Zift_Ylrhavic_Resfear Жыл бұрын

Thanks for the video :)

@samshambles391 Жыл бұрын

Brilliant!

@Gaming_Vegan_Ape Жыл бұрын

It's always a great day to see a new video from you, sir.

@karimguerahli3837 Жыл бұрын

Finally. A new video

@Frostyflytrap Жыл бұрын

My understanding of this is very surface level but I'm curious about something. When RNA copies are made from a double strand DNA, how does the cell know which "side" of the chain to copy from? For example, in the diagram on 1:53 the left side has a sequence of ATGCTA while the right side is coded with the "negative mold" of TACGAT. I expect that these two sequences would do very different things when being read by a protein so I'm curious to know the mechanism that makes sure the right side is coped. Also, I remember you mentioned in another video or on your second channel about how entire genes are re-inserted into the DNA chain by accident which leads to unintended side effects. If my understanding is accurate and there is such a case of "the wrong side of DNA" being copied, could that be a source of mutation?

@StatedClearly Жыл бұрын

Eventually I'll do a video on Transcription (the process you're asking about). In short, transcription factors (proteins, many of which can latch onto specific sequences of DNA) get the process started. Their sequence specificity allows them to select the correct strand and the correct spot on that strand.

@user-bt7zz7ce2z 9 ай бұрын

Hi! This is an excellent, well- informing video, which I thank you so much for! I am a first-year student (education- Biology) and now need to make animated videos myself. I've worked with easier videos that is basically picture slideshows with sound. Still wondering how to make things move like in this video though... May I please have the honour of getting some of your expert tips? :)

@tombouie Жыл бұрын

Enlightening

@larsnystrom6698 8 ай бұрын

This is good!

@rursus8354 Жыл бұрын

Uracil instead of Thymine as well as Ribose instead of Deoxiribose. Because of the later RNA is much less stable than DNA - so DNA is the better storage medium.

@shriramoka Жыл бұрын

Class 🌟

@SCB-dd4io Жыл бұрын

Nice!

@ScienceDave1265 Жыл бұрын

I think it's about time I actually subscribed, don'tcha think? 😁

@StatedClearly Жыл бұрын

Dave! Welcome!

@wcdeich4 6 ай бұрын

Isn't there a rare 5th RNA base? I heard something about it in highschool biology, but can't remember it's name. I think it started with "i".

@Jayceearegee Жыл бұрын

Excellent content, wish the algo would push this content instead of the typical anencephalic nonsense

@Somasekhar-hj2li 8 ай бұрын

👏👏👏

@mikebellamy Жыл бұрын

_"RNA is fragile, reactive and easily falls apart"_ something overlooked in the RNA world hypothesis!

@trollquantum Жыл бұрын

It was tasty content indeed

@FutureAIDev2015 11 ай бұрын

So if DNA is long term storage and RNA is the copied instructions then DNA is like the hard drive and RNA is like the RAM

@milevaeinstein2199 Жыл бұрын

💞

@tabaxsum Жыл бұрын

can anyone tell me what is happening in the animation at 9:33

@Ningen250 Жыл бұрын

Look here 1:35 ... a functional chain of RNA (Ribozyme) so "I guess that means it make protein by combining different parts" because that's what RNA is for right?

@StatedClearly Жыл бұрын

You can learn about that specific ribozyme in our animation "What is the RNA world hypothesis?". www.statedclearly.com/videos/rna-world/ It's one that make nucleotides. Here's a paper about it: www.sfu.ca/~punrau/pdfs/Lau_JACS_2004.pdf

@Neo0311 Жыл бұрын

It's like a permanent memory vs ram. You copy the data off the memory and manipulate it in the ram.

@knowledgeispower2155 Жыл бұрын

Huge Gap between Videos..... why ?

@Hansulf Жыл бұрын

Funny I always use the same library analogy to explain DNA and RNA

@eightifyapp Жыл бұрын

TLDR: DNA and RNA have distinct structures and roles, with DNA providing stability for storage and RNA providing activity for protein production.

@akashverma5756 2 ай бұрын

Simply Explained :- DNA is hard drive, RNA are RAM and Ribosome is printer.

@mycount64 9 ай бұрын

Form follows function. The brain?

@joshuacovington5947 Жыл бұрын

Rna is like a clone of your true self.

@DeconvertedMan Жыл бұрын

How RNA got started is still a mystery?

@StatedClearly Жыл бұрын

Yes, current models are incomplete. For details, see my video "What is the RNA world hypothesis?"

@MelekBabi-du6fm 7 ай бұрын

😢😂 the way y😢 make 😂

@nsTurkish 11 ай бұрын

Turkish subtitles please

@grindelston5968 Жыл бұрын

It's not a spiral it's a helix Spirals are 2 dimensional

@DarrenGedye Жыл бұрын

@@grindelston5968 Have you ever been on a spiral staircase?

@mikebellamy Жыл бұрын

You missed an important detail *chiralty* the fact that DNA and RNA bases are exclusively *right handed* while the amino acids they code for are exclusively *left handed* means the difficulty of prebiotic chemistry building a living cell with all the basic functional machinery required of life by random processes is beyond the capacity of this universe! The first reason being the total number of microstates in the system of all the RNA molecules required to build even one of the molecular machines required makes the haystack too big and needle vanishingly small. The second reason is only a mind can give *meaning* to information it is not possible from random chemistry and since DNA is exactly analogous to a library of books containing vital information with meaning we know only a mind is capable of producing it. The third reason is cell machinery is machinery in an engineering sense being an assembly of matter designed to convert a specific input into a desired output thus implying agency or conscious intent. Plus all the parts must be made and assembled at the same time and in the same place according to a strict plan! An impossible hurdle for natural selection of minor random changes.

@ywoisug8845 11 ай бұрын

Everything is possible, life might as well be soooo rare that it only happened once in the whole endless universe, and we would have no way of knowing. No matter how impossible something seems, it's still possinle enough to happen. I can give you a 1 in a 10000000000000000000000 number, the same applies here

@gregoryt8792 4 күн бұрын

All glory goes to God.

@gregoryt8792 3 күн бұрын

No way this “evolved” from non living things. And how do you explain topoisomerase, a molecular machine, which untangles DNA? Which came first? DNA is not long, it is a SIX FOOT long molecule that fits inside a microscopic cell.