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Some natural phenomena are so rare that you may have never even seen photos of them, let alone witnessed them live. So much so that even scientists were not sure of their existence for a very long time. These atmospheric phenomena were just a rumor! When you told your friends that you saw something like this, none of them would believe you... Of course, there are also those we think we see! A flying ship… It's floating above the sea! How is this possible? This ship is of course not floating above the sea. When conditions are right, atmospheric refractions occur in such a way that the ship appears to be higher than where it is. That's why we perceive the ship as standing in the air rather than on the sea. This is called 'looming'.'red sprites'. The earliest reports date back way to 1886. Nobel Prize winner C.R.T. Wilson theoretically predicted in 1925 that there should be an interesting electrical discharge in the upper layers of the atmosphere. Just like lightning, but much higher. He even said that he witnessed this in 1956.Today, we know that 'red sprites' are electrical discharges that occur in the upper layers of the atmosphere, the mesosphere. It occurs above giant storm clouds, cumulonimbus. But it doesn't happen in every storm cloud. In fact, mostly it doesn't. Since they are so high above the clouds, it is actually much easier to see them from above rather than from the ground! Of course, it would be easier if it were easy to see from above. Because they happen very rarely and very quickly. Finding it is a matter. Even if you find it, taking a photo of it is a matter! But an important development occurred in 2019. 'Red sprites' were captured with a camera that shoots 100,000 frames per second. Of course, on the other hand, there are other things that are not that rare, but that most of us have never seen. What would you think if you opened the door and walked out in winter and saw a view like this? Oh no, the aliens have arrived! And they landed in the backyard! Of course, if this were true, I think it would be the rarest on this list :) These are actually 'light pillars'. These lights that appear to be rising up the hill are actually the lighting we know in the city. Street lamps, house lights, etc. These lights move in the sky in such a way that thanks to some special ice crystals in the air, it is as if someone had shined huge, colorful lanterns into the sky! Now I will talk about a phenomenon that is hiding in plain sight. Rainbows. Yes, we all know what it is since childhood. When Newton sent white light through a prism, he saw that it was separated into different colors. In other words, different wavelengths... From the largest wavelength in red to the lowest wavelength in blue... But rainbows can be very complex. For example, have you ever thought about what is beyond red or blue? We actually know this. In the electromagnetic spectrum, between red and blue, what we call colors is actually a tiny visual region. Beyond red there is infrared. Beyond blue, tere is ultraviolet. Now, on to one of the things I like most about rainbows. Actually, this is not a rainbow, but it resembles it because of its colors. That's where it gets its name from: iridescent, meaning sparkling and emitting colors. Here are the Irisdescent Pileus clouds... It's like they put the rainbow on the clouds, isn't it? So what happens if these water or ice particles are large rather than small? Then halos are formed. More of us have probably seen this than others, because it happens much more commonly. Especially the halos formed around the Moon are quite famous. Many photographers are competing to shoot these. Of course, these also have different flavors. 22 degree halo and 46 degree halo. The 22 degree one is much more common. Hexagonal ice crystals are actually the reason for both. This time there is no vertical alignment like in the light pillars, they are scattered randomly. The fact that it is at these specific degrees is also related to the hexagonal structure and breaks. For example, who doesn't love watching the sunset? As the Sun approaches the horizon, the Sun's rays have to pass through a thicker atmosphere due to the spherical shape of the Earth. So why is the sky blue? Because blue light is refracted and dispersed more easily than red. What happens when the thickness of the atmosphere increases? More blue is refracted, leaving red light to the Sun. We are always watching. A sunrise, a sunset.
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Researched and Written by: Ögetay Kayalı
Edited and Presented by: Barış Özcan
Edited by: Alperen Çatak
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Full text of the video and sources used:
barisozcan.com