Thank you so much for the kind feedback, I really appreciate that. :-)

frfr

Thank you for the positive feedback Daishak, I'm glad to hear you enjoyed the video! :-)

You’re welcome! Thanks for sharing that you enjoyed it, that’s excellent to hear! :-)

Thank you very much for the positive feedback! :-) And I’m glad these videos are encouraging your own enthusiasm about C, I definitely love using it!

Thank you very much for sharing such positive feedback, that really motivates me to keep going with these videos! :-)

Thank you! :-)

You’re very welcome Adam! :-)

I’m so glad to hear these videos are helping you out, thank you for sharing this! :-)

I'm glad that you enjoyed it! 😀

You're welcome! :-) I'm really glad to hear that this video helped you to learn how to use structs!

You’re very welcome Naboulsi, I’m glad the video helped you out! :-)

You’re welcome, and I’ll definitely keep uploading videos! :-)

I'm glad you thought the tutorial made it easy Tyron! :-) And thanks so much for the positive feedback, I appreciate it.

I'm glad that you enjoyed it, and thank you for sharing this positive feedback! :-)

You’re welcome, and I’m glad you enjoyed it! :-)

You’re welcome Karolina, and thank you for the positive feedback! :-)

I'm glad you liked it! :-)

You’re welcome Fadi! I’m glad to hear you enjoyed the video. :-)

@@PortfolioCourses hi sir I am having a doubt why we used strcpy to assign string to structure members of " name and ID " Instead OF ASSIGNING directly like normal structure variable of age and grades . I have tried to assign string to structure members of "name and ID " when I compiled my code I got an error . why and what is the difference can you pls explain me ???😊

@@ramakrishna4092 We can initialize the string when we declare the struct using an initializer list as in this example: www.delftstack.com/howto/c/c-initialize-struct/. But if we first declare the struct, and then set the members with individual assignment statements, we cannot later use = to assign to the string. It's like how in C we can initialize an array once with the {1,2,3,4,...} type syntax, when it is declared, but not afterwards. When we make a char array we can initialize it once to a string literal when it is declared: char string[] = "store this string"; But if we had this it would not work: char string[20]; string = "store this string"; The same thing is happening here essentially, when we declare the struct the string is essentially declared and created similar to the above example. We cannot assign to it later with = "some string", we then need to use strcpy(). It's just how C works that it's like this really. 🙂

You're welcome Rahmat, I'm glad you enjoyed it! :-)

You're very welcome! :-)

Thank you very much for the kind feedback, I’m glad you’re enjoyed it! :-)

You’re welcome Itachi! I’m glad you found it clear. :-)

de nada! :-)

You're welcome, I'm glad you enjoyed the explanation! 🙂

You're very welcome Nicholas! :-D

Wow, thank you so much, you're welcome! :-)

You’re welcome! :-)

You're welcome, I'm glad you enjoyed it! :-)

I’m glad the video made everything super clear, and good luck on your final exam! :-)

Thank you for the kind feedback Shanjo! :-)

I’m glad you enjoy them! :-)

Thank you for the positive feedback Mohamed, I appreciate it! :-)

You’re very welcome, I’m really happy to hear you’re finding the channel helpful! :-)

I'm so glad to hear you're enjoying the content! :-)

I’m really happy to hear that you’re enjoying the tutorial and playlist! :-D

Thank you very much for the positive feedback Jonathan! :-)

@@PortfolioCourses always helping mate. thank you so much! i have an assignment now with an array of struct to represent items in a shop (name, price, amount). they asked us to make a program with different functions so the user can add a product and buy a product from that shop and so the array has to be synchronized between all functions. I don't know how to make it happen because we didn't learn pointers yet.

@@Jonathan-mu5nx I have some videos on pointers and structs you might like: Introduction To Pointers: kzfaq.info/get/bejne/aK10nLt4mrjKfnk.html Arrow Operator: kzfaq.info/get/bejne/rZuIgJR_nM6wl5c.html Dynamically allocate an array of structs: kzfaq.info/get/bejne/otdop62EmM2apI0.html Good luck! 🙂

I'm glad you liked it! :-)

I don’t have plans to right now but maybe it’s something I can do one day. :-)

@@PortfolioCourses yeyy, thank you!

WOW thank you very much for the super thanks!!! :-D

The source code for the video is here, does using this help? github.com/portfoliocourses/c-example-code/blob/main/struct.c

Is the Excel filed saved as a CSV file? That may be do-able. If it's not some kind of binary .xls format I'm not sure how. :-)

CSV file would do it, yes.

You’re welcome! :-)

Yes, the block is still on the heap, but we lost the pointer. It is one way to produce a memory leak

I'm glad you enjoyed the video! :-)

He’s a mature student. :-)

It's a memory leak. :-) Which means the memory has been allocated, but is no longer accessible by our program. It also won't be "returned" to the OS until the program terminates. So we call it a memory leak because the memory is no longer available for our program, but it's also not being used in a useful way either.

Great question! :-) No, p1 and p2 each have their own address at which a struct is stored. And when we do p1 = p2, a memcpy() will effectively happen where p2's contents are copied to p1. But p1 and p2 each still are in different memory addresses.

Thanks! :-)

I don’t think C has classes that’s C++ but I’m also confused on like why classes were a necessary change from C to C++ I’m pretty sure it has something to do with OOP but I’m not too sure

Just looked it up I guess classes have a deinitializer function that destroys instances of the class so I guess you can’t tell if the structs are getting destroyed

Great question Jay! :-) And yes that’s correct, when we define a type of struct it’s a lot like defining a class in Python (in other words, a type of object). And when we declare variables of that struct type, those are a lot like object instances.

@@PortfolioCourses thanks boss, i was kinda Lost on this till i related structs with classes

You’re welcome! :-)

difference between structs and class is that in structs, functions are private and data members are public, while in class, it's opposite. However, C does not have any concept of objects, as we don't instantiate. In C, structures are mainly used for the purpose of grouping various information under one name.

​@@lradhakrishnarao902

i actually found a solution: we need to free x.array before we make x=y assign, then at the very end we free y.array. I was trying to free both x and y array at the very end but there was still a leak, so hope it might help someone check for leaks on Mac with: CK_FORK=no leaks --atExit -- ./a.out

#include #include #include typedef struct { int *array; // pointer to dynamically allocated array } Data; int main() { // initialise two structures named x and y of type Data Data x; Data y; // stores 5 int in dynamically allocated array x.array = malloc(sizeof(int) * 5); y.array = malloc(sizeof(int) * 5); printf(" X's pointer: %p ", x.array); printf("Y's pointer: %p ", y.array); x.array[0] = 1; x.array[1] = 2; x.array[2] = 3; x.array[3] = 4; x.array[4] = 5; printf(" ////// x.array /////////// "); for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { printf("x.array[%d] = %d ", i, x.array[i]); } y.array[0] = 9; y.array[1] = 9; y.array[2] = 9; y.array[3] = 9; y.array[4] = 9; // 'x' with it's pointer to the array it has been set to point to the same array that 'y' is pointing to // so they point to the same array, // cuz the STRUCTURE STORES A POINTER TO THE ARRAY THAT WE DYNAMICALLY ALLOCATE free(x.array); // free up the allocation before we assign x = y; // here we see that they both now point to the same pointer for an array printf(" X's pointer: %p ", x.array); printf("Y's pointer: %p ", y.array); printf(" ////// x.array after assign to y /////////// "); for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { printf("x.array[%d] = %d ", i, x.array[i]); } printf(" "); // if we change one value of x array, those changes apply also to the y, cuz after x=y assign they both point to the same array x.array[0] = 10; printf(" ////// y.array after x.array[0] was changed /////////// "); for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { printf(" y.array[%d] = %d ", i, y.array[i]); } printf(" "); free(y.array); return 0; }

@@MrMits92 That is correct!

Hahaha :-)

Yes, we need to watch out for these things. :-)

In C, essentially yes. :-) In C++ struct is a lot more like class though, just so you know: learn.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/cpp/classes-and-structs-cpp?view=msvc-170

Do you have a question? 🙂

You're right, I was trying to stay focused on structs in this video and keeping it to a reasonable time, I've made note of this and pinned a link to this other video on memory leaks now: kzfaq.info/get/bejne/ordzf6R8y8m9eWg.html

whatever anything I know or knew or do or did and in 7:14 or more you did something you know what I mean

I am not sure when exactly and whatver anythign

Anything*

whatever anything I do or did or anything

Just fo us tf 😂

Wow thank you so much for the 'super thanks'!!! :-D

I'm glad you liked it! :-)