Stuart Kauffman - Can Science Provide Ultimate Answers?

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Closer To Truth

Closer To Truth

6 ай бұрын

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If we seek answers to ultimate questions of human existence, can science provide them? Which of them? Ultimate questions include morality and art as well as purpose or meaning of life. In other words, if science is unable to know something, is that something forever unknowable? Or are there ways of knowing beyond science? If so, why would we trust them?
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Stuart Alan Kauffman is an American theoretical biologist and complex systems researcher who studies the origin of life on Earth.
Watch more videos on the limits of science: bit.ly/465pTUj
Closer To Truth, hosted by Robert Lawrence Kuhn and directed by Peter Getzels, presents the world’s greatest thinkers exploring humanity’s deepest questions. Discover fundamental issues of existence. Engage new and diverse ways of thinking. Appreciate intense debates. Share your own opinions. Seek your own answers.

Пікірлер: 220
@ghaderpashayee8334
@ghaderpashayee8334 6 ай бұрын
He opens up many different categories to the answer, and then under each category opens up bunch of more new categories without any conclusion. And he keeps doing so until the viewer gets Overwhelmed. Even Robert got overwhelmed! 😄
@Crackle1983
@Crackle1983 6 ай бұрын
This conversation is reminiscent of my phone conversation with my homeowners insurance, Miberty Lutual...
@brianlebreton7011
@brianlebreton7011 6 ай бұрын
Love this video. Something I will rewatch many times to try and extract a better understanding.
@layton3503
@layton3503 6 ай бұрын
I think it needs to be 2, 3 times longer for him to get to the point.
@bretnetherton9273
@bretnetherton9273 6 ай бұрын
Awareness is known by awareness alone.
@vm-bz1cd
@vm-bz1cd 6 ай бұрын
A fascinating interview ... from a totally different perspective... bravo 👏
@ashimov1970
@ashimov1970 6 ай бұрын
The most astonishing talk on this channel
@surendrakverma555
@surendrakverma555 6 ай бұрын
Good.discussion. Thanks 🙏
@JoeZorzin
@JoeZorzin 6 ай бұрын
Great conversation- one of RLK's best.
@ashimov1970
@ashimov1970 6 ай бұрын
💯💯
@iramtauqir5333
@iramtauqir5333 6 ай бұрын
This discussion enables me to think about human thinking, feelings, emotions and ideas also as functions that emerge to serve the whole individual or social organism. And these again cannot be deduced or explained through either quantum or classical physics. So then we need to look for the 'nature' of laws or logic which is outside the realm of science. Maybe this opens doors for looking into the building blocks of those laws not in the dogmatic framework of religions or religious philosophies but in their essence, as representing an effort to discover those laws as coded hints to be further worked upon and developed by humanity in its evolutionary journey
@sustainabilityaxis
@sustainabilityaxis 6 ай бұрын
Excellent. Probably one of the best explanations on this complex subject, logical and without any unnecessary details. Good job both the brilliant participants. Keep up your good work.
@waynesulak1488
@waynesulak1488 6 ай бұрын
It is important to be open to humbly accept that do not no the answer to a question, especially the “big questions.” Failure to do so has led humanity to fabricate various metaphysical systems simply to make us feel better.
@brendangreeves3775
@brendangreeves3775 6 ай бұрын
No! Things are essentially relational and dynamical. The precise definitions of the terms in which a question is posed, determines the nature of the answer. The relative state goes to infinity, and so knowledge will always be incomplete.
@pasquino0733
@pasquino0733 6 ай бұрын
Can you have footnotes attached, every time you put this guy on! 😉😮 He is so dense and full of quotations. I am left lost as to whether he is saying anything at all! We leap from Heraclitus, to Kant, to peptides, at such a pace. At which point I switch off COMPLETELY.
@blijebij
@blijebij 6 ай бұрын
Ultimate answers, in my opinion, are those that do not lead to further questions but provide a satisfactory explanation for observed phenomena, viewed from the holistic nature of the Universe and reality, which I am convinced of.
@JagadguruSvamiVegananda
@JagadguruSvamiVegananda 6 ай бұрын
🐟 02. A BRIEF SYNOPSIS OF “LIFE”: Everything, both perceptible and imperceptible - that is, any gross or subtle OBJECT within the material universe which can possibly be perceived with the cognitive faculties, plus the SUBJECT (the observer of all phenomena) - is to what most persons generally refer when they use the term “God”, since they usually conceive of the Primeval Creator as being the Perfect Person, and “God” (capitalized) is a personal epithet of the Unconditioned Absolute. However, this anthropomorphized conception of The Absolute is a fictional character of divers mythologies. According to most every enlightened sage in the history of this planet, the Ultimate Reality is, far more logically, Absolutely NOTHING, or conversely, Absolutely EVERYTHING - otherwise called “The Tao”, “The Great Spirit”, “Brahman”, “Pure Consciousness”, “Eternal Awareness”, “Independent Existence”, “The Ground of All Being”, “Uncaused Nature”, “The Undifferentiated Substratum of Reality”, “The Unified Field”, et cetera - yet, as alluded to above, inaccurately referred to as a personal deity by the masses (e.g. “God”, “Allah”, “Yahweh”, “Bhagavan”, etc.). In other words, rather than the Supreme Truth being a separate, Blissful, Supra-Conscious Being (The Godhead Himself or The Goddess), Ultimate Reality is Eternal-Existence Limitless-Awareness Unconditional-Peace ITSELF. That which can be perceived, can not be perceiving! Because the Unmanifested Absolute is infinite creative potentiality, “it” actualizes as EVERYTHING, in the form of ephemeral, cyclical universes. In the case of our particular universe, we reside in a cosmos consisting of space-time, matter and energy, without, of course, neglecting the most fundamental dimension of existence (i.e. conscious awareness - although, “it” is, being the subject, by literal definition, non-existent). Just as a knife cannot cut itself, nor the mind comprehend itself, nor the eyes see themselves, The Absolute cannot know Itself (or at least objectively EXPERIENCE Itself), and so, has manifested this phenomenal universe within Itself for the purpose of experiencing Itself, particularly through the lives of self-aware beings, such as we sophisticated humans. Therefore, this world of duality is really just a play of consciousness within Consciousness, in the same way that a dream is a person's sleeping narrative set within the life-story of an “awakened” individual. APPARENTLY, this universe, composed of “mind and matter”, was created with the primal act (the so-called “Big Bang”), which started, supposedly, as a minute, slightly uneven ball of light, which in turn, was instigated, ultimately, by Extra-Temporal Supra-Consciousness. From that first deed, every motion or action that has ever occurred has been a direct (though, almost exclusively, an indirect) result of it. Just as all the extant energy in the universe was once contained within the inchoate singularity, Infinite Consciousness was NECESSARILY present at the beginning of the universe, and is in no way an epiphenomenon of a neural network. Discrete consciousness, on the other hand, is entirely dependent on the neurological faculty of individual animals (the more highly-evolved the species, the greater its cognitive abilities). “Sarvam khalvidam brahma” (a Sanskrit maxim from the “Chandogya Upanishad”, meaning “all this is indeed Brahman” or “everything is the Universal Self alone”). There is NAUGHT but Eternal Being, Conscious Awareness, Causeless Peace - and you are, quintessentially, that! This “Theory of Everything” can be more succinctly expressed by the mathematical equation: E=A͚ (Everything is Infinite Awareness). HUMANS are essentially this Eternally-Aware-Peace, acting through an extraordinarily-complex biological organism, comprised of the eight rudimentary elements - pseudo-ego (the assumed sense of self), intellect, mind, solids, liquids, gases, heat (fire), and ether (three-dimensional space). When one peers into a mirror, one doesn't normally mistake the reflected image to be one's real self, yet that is how we humans conventionally view our ever-mutating form. We are, rather, in a fundamental sense, that which witnesses all transitory appearances. Everything which can be presently perceived, both tangible and immaterial, including we human beings, is a culmination of that primary manifestation. That is the most accurate and rational explanation for “karma” - everything was preordained from the initial spark, and every action since has unfolded as it was predestined in ETERNITY, via an ever-forward-moving trajectory. The notion of retributive (“tit-for-tat”) karma is just that - an unverified notion. Likewise, the idea of a distinct, reincarnating “soul” or “spirit” is largely a fallacious belief. Whatever state in which we currently find ourselves, is the result of two factors - our genetic make-up at conception and our present-life conditioning (which may include mutating genetic code). Every choice ever made by every human and non-human animal was determined by those two factors ALONE. Therefore, free-will is purely illusory, despite what most believe. Chapter 11 insightfully demonstrates this truism. As a consequence of residing within this dualistic universe, we experience a lifelong series of fluctuating, transient pleasures and pains, which can take the form of physical, emotional, and/or financial pleasure or pain. Surprisingly to most, suffering and pain are NOT synonymous. Suffering is due to a false sense of personal agency - the belief that one is a separate, independent author of one’s thoughts, emotions, and deeds, and that, likewise, other persons are autonomous agents, with complete volition to act, think, and feel as they wish. Another way of stating the same concept is as follows: suffering is due to the intellect being unwilling to accept life as it manifests moment by moment. There are five SYMPTOMS of suffering, all of which are psychological in nature: 1. Guilt 2. Blame 3. Pride 4. Anxiety 5. Regrets about the past and expectations for the future These types of suffering are the result of not properly understanding what was explained above - that life is a series of happenings and NOT caused by the individual living beings. No living creature, including Homo sapiens, has personal free-will. There is only the Universal, Divine Will at play, acting through every body, to which William Shakespeare famously alluded when he scribed “All the world's a stage, and all the men and women merely players.” The human organism is essentially a biopsychological machine, comprised of the five gross material elements (which can be perceived with the five senses) and the three subtle material elements (the three levels of cognition, which consist of abstract thought objects), listed above. Cont...
@AppenArrow
@AppenArrow 6 ай бұрын
Mooi gezegd! Ik denk dat wij mensen in dit leven de “ultimate answer” nooit hebben. We kunnen dichtbij de “ultimate answer” zitten.
@AppenArrow
@AppenArrow 6 ай бұрын
The concept of the "ultimate answer" varies based on context. In philosophical or existential discussions, it often refers to a hypothetical answer to life's fundamental questions, such as the purpose of existence, the nature of reality, or the meaning of life. It's a subjective concept, and different individuals or cultures may attribute different meanings to this notion. Some see it as an unattainable, elusive truth, while others seek it through spirituality, science, or personal beliefs.
@AppenArrow
@AppenArrow 6 ай бұрын
I think that we, as humans, never truly possess the "ultimate answer" in this life. We might come close to it, but the "ultimate answer" remains elusive (in this life)
@blijebij
@blijebij 6 ай бұрын
@@AppenArrow Precies, onze visie zal altijd maar een beperkte resolutie zijn van wat is.
@heresa_notion_6831
@heresa_notion_6831 6 ай бұрын
I agree with everything to the extent I understand it. I wish more contemporary stances on this issue were broached, like chaos theory and "assembly" theory, as I want to learn more about them (e.g., are these non-Newtonian?). On the whimsical side: if an ensemble of simple tools/objects (e.g., a screwdriver, hammer, wood plank) can have indefinite uses (Kantian wholes?), it seems kind of reasonable that an object as complex as the human species can have "free will" defined in a certain way as to explain its increasing "causal powers" over time (or do they increase?). N.B. increasing causal powers does not entail increasing survivability over time. Also the non-predictability of use for physical parts (in a whole) seems similar to the non-predictability of function (i.e., of a program) that can run in "universal" computers that are implemented deterministically.
@FrostSoul-qs6kq
@FrostSoul-qs6kq 6 ай бұрын
Truth is that while Humanity might have a slight glimmer of hope , It's future has still been getting darker and not even bleaker anymore .
@ezrawilson6986
@ezrawilson6986 6 ай бұрын
Fortunately, every bit of evidence argues against your claim.
@SpiritualPsychotherapyServices
@SpiritualPsychotherapyServices 6 ай бұрын
Kindly repeat that in ENGLISH, Miss.☝️ Incidentally, Slave, are you VEGAN? 🌱
@wattshumphrey8422
@wattshumphrey8422 6 ай бұрын
He is correct - what he is saying is "HUGE".
@mesplin3
@mesplin3 6 ай бұрын
"Statement 1: Neither quantum mechanics nor classical physics itself alone describes the evolution of the biosphere." Quantum mechanics is for predicting the behavior of matter and its interactions with energy on the atomic and subatomic level. Classical physics is for predicting the behavior of objects that are much larger than atoms and molecules. Since quantum mechanics studies small things and classical physics studies big things, the claim that the biosphere is exempt is problematic. The explanation about how the evolution of the biosphere suggests random elements and nonrandom elements doesn't justify this claim.
@0-by-1_Publishing_LLC
@0-by-1_Publishing_LLC 6 ай бұрын
(1:30) *SK: **_"I'm persuaded that that view is profoundly wrong."_* ... As am I. Kauffman just spent 12.5 minutes of 200-IQ-level scientific musing to finally reach the conclusion that "Existence" is just too darn complex, diverse, and unpredictably _morphic_ for science alone to adequately explain it. One thing science cannot uncover (or explain) is the *motive* for why the universe exists because that's outside its scope of inquiry. *Example:* Science is like a "crime scene detective." The detective's job is to secure the scene, recover bullet casings, examine the bodies, collect DNA, interview potential witnesses, and establish a timeline of events that can lead to the apprehension of a suspect. Once all the facts and evidence have been collected and analyzed, it's up to the "prosecutor" to establish a *motive* for why the suspect committed the crime. "Existence" is not a wasteful operation. If something exists it's because it serves some integral purpose in furthering the collective. Science "exists" for a reason and obviously lives up to its purpose, but it still must be conjoined with other data processing disciplines in order to comprehend the _big picture._ Religion, psychology, philosophy, the arts, and several other disciplines of thought also exist, ... and they likewise exist for a reason. ... Choosing to leave them out of the discussion will never get you *_Closer to Truth!_*
@simonhibbs887
@simonhibbs887 6 ай бұрын
> 'Science "exists" for a reason and obviously lives up to its purpose, but it still must be conjoined with other data processing disciplines in order to comprehend the big picture. ' I think that's right. Science is appropriate to certain kinds of inquiry, and not others. I think at some level it's applicable to pretty much any inquiry, after all it's really just a general process for systematic study, and what phenomena aren't worth investigating systematically? However there are other levels of analysis and lenses through which we can view and understand things. I know why gold has it's particular shine, it's due to a peculiar combination of unique relativistic and quantum effects on it's electrons. I think our brains are physical and our behaviour and emotional processes are physical. I think they developed through a process of evolution. But we've only known that stuff for a few generations, and humanity got by perfectly well wearing and admiring gold jewellery without it. I don't think about that at all when I see my wife wearing her wedding ring (Well alright, sometimes), and it doesn't make any difference to the meaning of that ring to us and how I feel about our relationship. It's just a different level of consideration, like the appreciation of art. There's a lot of science that goes into creating great art, and in fact also into various aspects of aesthetics, but not all of it. Sometimes you just get lost in the beauty or creativity of it, and that's fine.
@missh1774
@missh1774 6 ай бұрын
Hello 0-1 and Simon. What does he mean by "niche"?
@simonhibbs887
@simonhibbs887 6 ай бұрын
@@missh1774 This is a concept in evolutionary biology. Put simply it's a particular strategy for survival in a given environment. You could call it a strategy, role or way of life. An environment contains various resources and hazards. An organism might have various adaptations that suit it to take more or less effective advantage of some of those resources, and avoid or protect itself from the hazards. A particular strategy for survival, comprising physical and behavioural adaptations, is a niche. Most ecological environments have plants, they fill a niche that takes advantage of nutrients and sunlight. There are herbivores that eat the plants. There are predators that eat the herbivores. Within those categories (there are many more high level categories than that, eg parasites) there are various kinds of predators such as chasers, trappers, ambushers, carrion feeders, etc.
@missh1774
@missh1774 6 ай бұрын
@@simonhibbs887 thanks Simon. would it be in a nested format or is there no specific style of pattern?
@simonhibbs887
@simonhibbs887 6 ай бұрын
@@missh1774 We can think of them in terms of a hierarchy. I wouldn't put animals, plants, fungi and such as categories here strictly speaking. They aren't niches, they are approaches to solving biological problems. However carnivore is a nice because there are biological resources available in the environment in the from of other animals, and eating them is definitely a survival strategy. Then within that, depending on the environment, there may be sub-categories of strategy. An important point is that a niche is more defined by the organisms that exploit it than any objective criteria. We could say that a large island with only plants, including grass, but no animals has an unoccupied ecological niche for grazing herbivores I suppose. Also note that the existence of some organisms creates niches for other organisms. Without plants you can't have herbivores, and without those you can't have carnivores, and plants get nutrients from dead animals. So you can think in terms of categories and hierarchies, but also in terms of cycles. One of my daughters suggested that flies have no useful purpose, and I explained they're incredibly important. They spread bacteria promoting decay, which helps recycle biological material. But also consider what happens if an animal dies in an inaccessible location, such as under a shed, or in a cave, it will dessicate and the biological material in it's body will be wasted. However if flies find it their larvae will consume the caracass turning it into flies. These disperse through the environment and get eaten by birds and such, so they're very good at recycling.
@pursuingtruth66
@pursuingtruth66 6 ай бұрын
I dont know. It seems to me there probably is a way to mathematically describe all possible uses of a screwdriver. It is hard to imagine, but doesn't seem impossible to me. That's assuming there are limiting factors, which I would say there are.
@iramtauqir5333
@iramtauqir5333 6 ай бұрын
I agree with point that you cannot do a mathematization of the evolutionary process occurring in Nature. But saying that there is complete unpredictability in the way new functions emerge to suit the whole only means that is unpredictable for our minds, not that there is no law, or logic to it. It's just that this law or logic is not mathematical.
@Resmith18SR
@Resmith18SR 6 ай бұрын
And God only knows.😂
@veganforlife5733
@veganforlife5733 6 ай бұрын
Does randomness imply theoretically that a given input within a given context can produce different outputs? What would cause that? Could it be that one or more aspects of the input and/or context are misunderstood, or not known? Throughout the history of math/science, arguing that they cannot explain a phenomenon has been the standard line in the sand. And then the body of knowledge of math and science expands and the line in the sand gets redrawn. We're starting to see the pattern here.
@arthurwieczorek4894
@arthurwieczorek4894 6 ай бұрын
I'd rather hear What are the ultimate questions?
@nyworker
@nyworker 6 ай бұрын
Not only does precise mathematics break down with quantum mechanics but it also breaks down at the biochemical level in the cell.
@tonyatkinson2210
@tonyatkinson2210 6 ай бұрын
Mathematics doesn’t break down at the edges of science . Our ability to apply nether teams down at these points because we don’t know how to apply it correctly
@nephronpie8961
@nephronpie8961 6 ай бұрын
I really need chatgpt explaining this to me like a 5 year old ;)
@FrancisGo.
@FrancisGo. 6 ай бұрын
Negative capability can stand on the shoulders of any seemingly consistent system to see the obvious next steps, which are not contained there in. Any system of analogies that is consistent is incomplete.
@user-xn4wq4sv3r
@user-xn4wq4sv3r 6 ай бұрын
Maybe there are no quantitative laws and mathematization for the biosphere, as said, but there must be qualitative laws in the biosphere. Reality cannot exist outside of a law as such. In Genesis, God creates the universe through the Word, Logos (John 1:1,3), which implies the logic of reality, i.e. a law because in Greek, "λογος" means not only a word - and God did not act verbally when creating the universe from Nothing: there was no air in Nothing - but also means a reason, logic. It has been suggested that translating John 1:1, using "word," is inadequate and that it would be better if we kept the Greek version "Logos" to be then explained. In the beginning was the Logos... So, in Genesis, God creates the universe with laws, both quantitative and qualitative laws.
@jamesspero5884
@jamesspero5884 6 ай бұрын
“The world is not what we thought.”
@amazinglives4430
@amazinglives4430 6 ай бұрын
If it takes more than 1 minute to answer an straight question you don’t know the answer or there is no answer.
@0-by-1_Publishing_LLC
@0-by-1_Publishing_LLC 6 ай бұрын
*"If it takes more than 1 minute to answer an straight question you don’t know the answer or there is no answer."* .. . What if the question is _"How long exactly is 61 seconds?"_
@wruff378
@wruff378 6 ай бұрын
@@0-by-1_Publishing_LLC 🤯
@ProjectMoff
@ProjectMoff 6 ай бұрын
How does nuclear fusion work?
@thomasanderson1882
@thomasanderson1882 6 ай бұрын
Language games in Science, meaning is use, ie unpredictable
@mrshankerbillletmein491
@mrshankerbillletmein491 6 ай бұрын
I dont know how it is believed that everything just fell into place.
@stephenzhao5809
@stephenzhao5809 6 ай бұрын
2:10 ❤❤
@ProjectMoff
@ProjectMoff 6 ай бұрын
Reality isn’t a question to be answered. For there to be an answer to reality then it must be something incomplete to be solved, a question, which it isn’t, you can’t have any question without first having reality within to ask a question. It is our model of reality that is incomplete, but our model isn’t reality, models are things that come to completion, reality isn’t, that’s the simple reason people are confused, people don’t see reality, they see the shadows on the walls of Plato’s cave, the ideas of what could be, what is is right there, the fact you think something has to be said about it shows that you are looking at the wall.
@TVmediaable
@TVmediaable 6 ай бұрын
You cannot have Science without Theology and vice versa because it is a polarized world. It is just a waste of time contemplating and murmuring among yourselves. I AM THE WAY, THE TRUTH & THE LIFE. - Thomas Soler
@yfranddu2837
@yfranddu2837 6 ай бұрын
Superb video. Thought provoking. Saved to watch a few times and fully comprehend
@rxbracho
@rxbracho 6 ай бұрын
Finally! Stuart is explaining for the 21st century mind what Jan Smuts wrote nearly a hundred years ago in his book "Holism and Evolution" (1926) in which he defines the word, holism (according to Merriam-Webster), as an alternative to reductionism, including the sacrosanct scientific method. Smuts builds on Kantian wholes just like Stuart does and aims to prove that a whole is more than the sum of its parts, because they are not assemblages of parts. The parts have a functional relationship among them for the benefit of the whole. A whole may be thus defined as a field of functional activity. When a scientist sees a whole, all they see is parts under some mechanistic motion. Since the "parts" are also wholes, the scientist sees parts made up of parts and continues reducing. Building on what Stuart said, mathematics and Newtonian thinking, which is reductionist, cannot help because holistic interactions, including holistic causality which can be creative unlike the mechanistic one, need a holistic algebra. But a whole can only be described as the totality of its functionality and not in terms of their parts thus requiring a symbol. So we are looking for a symbolic algebra that is not rooted in mathematics. Even though Stuart speaks of biological wholes, similar arguments hold for inorganic wholes, like atoms, molecules and all the way to galaxies. Furthermore, if we define existence as manifestation in reality, it can be proven metaphysically that only wholes "exist". In other words, monads cannot manifest themselves in reality, which is why a particle is but an "excitation" in a quantum field and not a "thing". Moreover, so far we have been talking about wholes in Space, fields of activity occupying some field of existence in three dimensions. But there are wholes in Time as well: cycles. A cycle has a beginning, a middle and an end, it is begun by a quantum of energy, and embodies a process defined by its initial conditions (which are not Newtonian). Just like I claimed above that all existence in Space is made up of wholes, all "existence" on Time, using the term loosely, is of time-wholes or cycles. Yes, time is cyclical and not linear, as evidenced by the fact that we count a specific number of cycles of a particular isotope to define a linear (dimensional) second. If after Newton we became disenchanted, perhaps it is time to be reenchanted by holism. Reductionism was necessary for the industrial revolution and humanity has gained tremendous knowledge. But knowledge is not wisdom, for that we need a different approach.
@matswessling6600
@matswessling6600 6 ай бұрын
bullshit. time is definitely bot cyclic. And scientists do look for syntesis (holism) . But to understand the whole you need to understand the parts.
@Samsara_is_dukkha
@Samsara_is_dukkha 6 ай бұрын
@@matswessling6600 "to understand the whole you need to understand the parts." Does understanding the cardiovascular system provide any clue about a human being or any organism that has such a system? Does understanding the parts of a brain provide any clue about the unity of the conscious experience? Does understanding the motion of the solar system provide any clue about the whole Universe? Isn't it the reverse I.E.: to understand the parts (smaller wholes), you need to understand the (bigger) whole first?
@matswessling6600
@matswessling6600 6 ай бұрын
@@Samsara_is_dukkha absolutely.
@Samsara_is_dukkha
@Samsara_is_dukkha 6 ай бұрын
@@matswessling6600 Absolutely what? How does understanding a kidney help understand the organism it came from?
@matswessling6600
@matswessling6600 6 ай бұрын
@@Samsara_is_dukkha is this som kind of joke? you will never learn how the organism works if you don't understand its parts.
@gregoryhead382
@gregoryhead382 6 ай бұрын
The brain has memory Pettawatts and now Watts, Prediction wattage and smarter if then watts. Wattage in general brain gleel gland is relative to k. Like spooky action × 10,, or 2pi c^3 Universe radius & Universe mass.
@r2c3
@r2c3 6 ай бұрын
everything in our world works around the clock for as long as there's enough energy to sustain their particular structure and function... once such integrity is compromised then a new similar structure has to take their place, if functionality is to be preserved... and how could randomly assembled polystructures achieve self-preservation instead of randomly changing to new forms without any link to their primordial polystructures 🤔
@simonhibbs887
@simonhibbs887 6 ай бұрын
Evolution isn't just random assembly, it's also environmental selection. It would be as accurate to ask how can polystructures selected due to fitness for their environment achieve self-preservation. This is where Kauffman goes astray. Se says evolution is neither random nor deterministic. In fact it is both, because being a process, different stages of the process can work differently.
@0-by-1_Publishing_LLC
@0-by-1_Publishing_LLC 6 ай бұрын
@@simonhibbs887 *"In fact it is both, because being a process, different stages of the process can work differently."* ... If I randomly toss a hundred thousand seeds into a field with the understanding that only 2% of them will grow into plants, is this considered a random process, an orchestrated process, or both?
@simonhibbs887
@simonhibbs887 6 ай бұрын
@@0-by-1_Publishing_LLC It's both, in that some aspects of the situation ware random and some deterministic. Each seed has slight random variations in it's genetics (unless they are engineered Monsanto clones). It's random where each seed falls. Some seeds will fall on stones, or in a soggy patch, or in the shade of a tree. Others will fall on good soil that contains the best nutrients and gets good sunlight. The real competition is between seeds in similar conditions to each other, but that have different genetics. Some of the seeds that fall in shade or wet ground will have genetics well suited to those environments, and will produce more seed of their own than the other seed around them. The same is true of seed that falls in good conditions, some will do better there than others due to genetics that suit them to that environment. So the environment they land in and their genetics are randomly varied. However it's a fact that seeds with genetics that better suit them to their environment will, all other factors being equal, do better and produce more healthier seeds than those that don't.
@0-by-1_Publishing_LLC
@0-by-1_Publishing_LLC 6 ай бұрын
​@@simonhibbs887 *"It's both, in that some aspects of the situation ware random and some deterministic."* ... Interesting that you addressed the seeds, the soil, the genetics of the seeds, and their proximity to each other, ... but not the *outside agent* who tossed them. I was not trying to be sneaky, but one of my arguments about "Existence" is that there is a minimum amount of intelligence that facilitates the evolution of everything into higher complexity (no more - no less). I argue that from our perspective, we could easily misconstrue a particular evolutionary process as being totally benign because we cannot isolate a level of intelligence that merely matches the level of complexity involved. This is why you were able to explain the random and nonrandom parts of this scenario without referencing the outside agent ... _even though one was involved!_ In my "seeded field" example, there was a *minimum amount of intelligence* present that facilitated what can be easily confused with a completely random event. The minimum amount of intelligence was the knowledge that there was a 2% likelihood of successful plant emergence based on the number of seeds involved ... and that 2% success rate was deemed satisfactory to keep "Existence" pushing forward. ... Therefore, the seeds were tossed.
@r2c3
@r2c3 6 ай бұрын
selection is a complex process that goes against both emergence and randomness... self-preservation can't be possible without a selective process, unless all variables were part of some kind of a cycle that enabled their reassembly at enogh precision as to maintain a particular functionality stable for a specific time period... and only if such cycle was possible then natural selection explains why the most functionally robust options are looped back in the same deterministic cycle... but such cycle resembles more to an intelligent process rather than a random outcome...
@deanodebo
@deanodebo 6 ай бұрын
It’s peculiar to me that he cited the flagellar motor which seems to contradict evolution
@simonhibbs887
@simonhibbs887 6 ай бұрын
There's a nice article on that on the PNAS web site. "Stepwise formation of the bacterial flagellar system".
@tonyatkinson2210
@tonyatkinson2210 6 ай бұрын
There is nothing about the flagellum that is irreducible. This was debunked decades ago
@mikedoesstuff4222
@mikedoesstuff4222 6 ай бұрын
I am skeptical that his "invented" set of self-catalyzing proteins would come into existence naturally, since protein structures are usually generated with cellular machinery or, at least ribozymes. I am also skeptical of his claim that templates are not required during the evolution of life.
@simonhibbs887
@simonhibbs887 6 ай бұрын
He came up with a particular autocatalytic set construction, but the general concept has been around for a long time. There are autocatalytic sets based on various inorganic as well as organic chemical cycles, many of which can occur naturally, and they have been demonstrated to be subject to evolutionary adaptation.
@mikedoesstuff4222
@mikedoesstuff4222 6 ай бұрын
@@simonhibbs887 autocatalytic sets, yes. Autocatalytic proteins, no.
@simonhibbs887
@simonhibbs887 6 ай бұрын
@@mikedoesstuff4222 Some autocatalytic sets consist of proteins, or include some proteins. Kauffman proposed a cycle consisting of proteins (lipids) that has subsequently been experimentally validated. He says so in the interview. I can look up the paper again if you like, or you can do a google, I tracked it down after he mentioned it in another clip a while back.
@mikedoesstuff4222
@mikedoesstuff4222 6 ай бұрын
@@simonhibbs887 lipids are not proteins.
@simonhibbs887
@simonhibbs887 6 ай бұрын
@@mikedoesstuff4222 I’m not a biologist so I get confused about that stuff. I think what he means is he originally proposed autocatalytic sets in generic mathematical terms and suggested they might exist in terms of proteins, but later the effect was demonstrated using lipids. Nowadays there are many such sets that have been verified, including sets that are comprised of inorganic salts. If you’re interested there’s plenty of info online, including summaries of research, journal articles and peer reviewed papers. It’s amazing how much is just a search and a few clicks away these days.
@Arunava_Gupta
@Arunava_Gupta 6 ай бұрын
Science, by itself, cannot provide ultimate answers. For these answers we have to philosophise (that is to say do reasoning) on the head of material information obtained by means of the scientific method. Science can proceed only up to a point. Beyond that, we should utilise our intellect to draw sound inferences regarding ultimate reality.
@perttiheinikko3780
@perttiheinikko3780 6 ай бұрын
The ultimate answers are beyond us. We're just primates. The human brain is a small organ.
@kimsahl8555
@kimsahl8555 27 күн бұрын
Science provide ultimate answers - no, but the observer can.
@ScientificReview
@ScientificReview 6 ай бұрын
Yes, if real scientists get out of jail; and losers get retired.
@simonhibbs887
@simonhibbs887 6 ай бұрын
The mid part is all fine, but he makes inferential errors with statement 1 and at the end. First statement 1. Variation is random but environmental selection is not. That is why evolution is not a purely random process. Random variation makes some organisms worse suited to survival and procreation, and otters better given the environmental conditions. Those environmental conditions are more likely to kill off those less suited to survival, leaving those more suited to flourish. That results in a process that, in fits and starts, is overall directed towards producing well adapted species. So the process is actually both determinate and random. It’s a process, so different parts or stages can work different ways. At the end he talks about leaving Newton behind, but all of the physical activities in the autocatalytic sets he talks about (great work by the way) and in the biosphere follows physical laws. He’s a physicalist so he knows this, but loses sight of it. We he’s off track is in thinking that the ontology of uses and intentions has to have identity with the ontology of physical processes. You can have separate ontologies that do not map to each other for the same exact phenomena. We have the ontological category of objects. We have the ontological categories of colours and of actions. Yet colours are attributes if objects. In order to have an activity there needs to be objects that perform the activity. So there’s nothing new in this, biological function is just a different ontological category from physical laws, but it doesn’t mean physical laws are wrong or incomplete. They’re just talking about different interpretations, or looking through different lenses at what’s going on. We do that all the time, but he’s doing something like taking an activity ontology and saying that means object ontologies need to be revised to take it into account. No, they’re just a different category.
@0-by-1_Publishing_LLC
@0-by-1_Publishing_LLC 6 ай бұрын
*"So the process is actually both determinate and random. It’s a process, so different parts or stages can work different ways."* ... How can you state this and also be a proponent of hard determinism?
@simonhibbs887
@simonhibbs887 6 ай бұрын
​@@0-by-1_Publishing_LLC Because randomness exists in several different senses. There's fundamental randomness as in quantum mechanics. This is 'true' randomness in that it is impossible even in principle to certainly predict an outcome. I'm not entirely sure this is real, if superdeterminism is correct then it isn't, but there are good arguments either way. Then there is emergent or apparent randomness, which is an artefact of complexity and lack of information. Even if we live in an entirely deterministic universe, in which every low level physical interaction is entirely deterministic as in Newtonian physics, you and I would still not be able to certainly predict the result of rolling a fair die. We just don't have enough information, or the computational power, to do the calculations, even if in principle they could be done. This kind of randomness, unpredictable distributions of outcomes, is sufficient for evolution to work. In fact technically you don't actually need randomisation for evolution to work, you just need a distribution of variations in each generation across the possibility space. In principle that could be deterministic, but in practice random variations work perfectly well.
@jamesjacob21
@jamesjacob21 6 ай бұрын
What is the mechanism which new evolutionary adaptations are made that seem to be well suited to an environment moreso than expected. Evolution occurs faster in enviroments where conditions are unstable. Can you explain the randomness aspect of evolution better? @@simonhibbs887
@0-by-1_Publishing_LLC
@0-by-1_Publishing_LLC 6 ай бұрын
@@simonhibbs887 *"Then there is emergent or apparent randomness, which is an artefact of complexity and lack of information."* ... If randomness is an "artefact of complexity" then where did the initial complexity come from that produces the random artefacts? Does complexity predate randomness? *"In fact technically you don't actually need randomisation for evolution to work, you just need a distribution of variations in each generation across the possibility space."* ... What's the difference?
@simonhibbs887
@simonhibbs887 6 ай бұрын
@@0-by-1_Publishing_LLC There’s an interview with Seth Lloyd on the channel on “is information fundamental”, I think that’s the one that covers some of it although there are several chats with him that bear on this. Stephen Wolfram is good on this as well. Basically it’s an interplay between how the progression towards thermodynamic equilibrium leads physical systems to search the probability space towards the highest possible number of configuration states, combined with the way gravity imposed order on the universe by collapsing the environment into dense regularly ordered structures that release energy. >”what’s the difference” The important input into evolution is variation, which means some individuals become better suited to their environment than others. That variation could be by design. We could genetically engineer an organism to be fitter to survive, and in fact we do this. However variation could be through a predictable procedural process of selecting new traits, such as trying possible new traits one by one in some sort of sequence, or a random process. It’s just that in nature there aren’t mechanisms to procedurally try traits one by one, but there are (pseudo) random processes and so that what happens in the wild.
@ripleyfilms8561
@ripleyfilms8561 6 ай бұрын
i see to forevor 333 of all planets back to same answer described, i color analyst 3d animator did it
@EdwardAmesCastellano
@EdwardAmesCastellano 6 ай бұрын
wow.. this is why RLK chose Closer to Truth instead of The Whole Truth and Nothing But The Truth.
@missh1774
@missh1774 6 ай бұрын
Sooo...is this the continual preparation for a Starfleet pychotechnology? How do you plan forward without the blueprint for an eta of these "niches" being more widely available to test? I have an idea. We put you in the computer and when you return, you can pick up your hypothesis based on the memories and experiences you have to piece together again. Yes or no? 😒 i know, i know it still doesn't secure funding to build a future testing lab. Uncle Farma shouldn't be such a scrooge ...after all it is their side hack.
@davidrandell2224
@davidrandell2224 6 ай бұрын
Gravity is simple Galilean relative motion. The earth is approaching- expanding at 16 feet per second per second constant acceleration- the released object. Real simple. Sorry Newton etc. “The Final Theory: Rethinking Our Scientific Legacy “, Mark McCutcheon for proper physics.
@tonyatkinson2210
@tonyatkinson2210 6 ай бұрын
When is he picking up his Nobel prize ?
@davidrandell2224
@davidrandell2224 6 ай бұрын
@@tonyatkinson2210 All Standard Theory/Model is wrong. Those prizes are awarded for “nonsense on stilts”: why pretend they are important?
@tonyatkinson2210
@tonyatkinson2210 6 ай бұрын
@@davidrandell2224 such confidence, Mr Dunning Kruger , such confidence . A confidence that can only come from a necessary specialist expertise , where did you get your advanced PHD in theoretical physics from?
@davidrandell2224
@davidrandell2224 6 ай бұрын
@@tonyatkinson2210 Any accelerometer- slinky,water balloon,phone app- experiment ( remember those) PROVES the earth is expanding at 16 feet per second per second constant acceleration. Try it yourself. Only an honest brain required ,or do you lack even that?
@tonyatkinson2210
@tonyatkinson2210 6 ай бұрын
@@davidrandell2224firstly , nothing is proven in science . What you’ve done is made an observation . Now you need to make a hypothesis and then test it . What novel predictions does your hypothesis make that you can test ?
@007thematrix007
@007thematrix007 6 ай бұрын
say that again ..... 🤣
@ArfArfBarkBark
@ArfArfBarkBark 6 ай бұрын
Stuart's opine is woefully deficient and harmful to academia.
@mikel4879
@mikel4879 6 ай бұрын
Stuart is wrong in this case. Science doesn't need to give the "ultimate answer". It would be nice in an ideal world, but not absolutely necessary. Science has just to be on the right and correct track - which is not - all the time, and just has to find better and better approximated answers that are closer and closer to the real true natural dynamic of the Universe. The ultimate and final answer is very hard to obtain, because of the real infinite causal chain ( but not impossible ). Etc. Stuart, you should know the shape of the "billiard table", because there is one! You just have to be "brainy" in order to comprehend it. The shape of the "billiard table" is exactly the local causal entropic realm which comprises causally tightly connected emergent realms. In these natural emergent realms, which are part of the natural dynamic of the Universe, the natural evolution, peptides arrangements, catalyzed reactions, "protons", etc, do not have too much natural "slack to wiggle". A computer correctly imputed with the real local entropic conditions = the shape of your "billiard table" gives you a limited number of "natural choices" the local entropic states can naturally follow. The natural dynamic of the Universe is simple, direct and highly "opportunistic", so the nature and form of the local emergent realms do not have too many "natural choices". In other words, they are not indeterminate at all. And they are determinate at any scale, micro and macro, of the Universe, because they all "follow" ( or "mimic" ) in the end the same natural universal dynamic.
@davidrandell2224
@davidrandell2224 6 ай бұрын
“The Unique and Its Property “, Max Stirner/Landstreicher translation for the best ‘human’ approach to ‘reality.’ The “creative nothing “ still as good as it gets. Life, consciousness etc remain unknowns.
@Maxwell-mv9rx
@Maxwell-mv9rx 6 ай бұрын
Important mencione guys about Newton phich is determinist. In other hand Quantum mechanic is underterminable. Guys shows Newton than Quantum mechanic pictures phich reality are not absolutetly true. When unpredictable conscieusness keep out how figure out phich reality are showing varieties phich theory. Phich true are absolutetly math equatiion unfit reality.
@samc6231
@samc6231 6 ай бұрын
Will Science ever develop the capacity to decipher just what exactly Kuhn is asking? Until then, mo jibber-jabber.
@S3RAVA3LM
@S3RAVA3LM 6 ай бұрын
We all have to acknowledge science, even if it contradicts what we believe in. Science merely reveals the workings, happenings, and descriptions of this matrix. Many mathematicians have many good facts and evidence, and their conclusions are wrong - miserable infact. When man begins to see the ONE'ness of all, the unity or harmony of all, this commences the mode of 'mysticism'. Many mathematicians have a nice neat pile of discriptions, evidences, facts, thoughts, theories, sentiments etc... and they all remain seperate, distinct, dual.... 'here you have energy, there you have vibration, way over there is sound, over here is photon, way over here you have magnetism.... ^this is not Knowledge, this only is information. Whatever is revealed from the manner of observation or experience, relization or testing, such Knowledge and information isn't sciences; not a property of, not a quality of, not a possession of, not a Principle of, not an attribute of, science. There's persons here today, they think science is the concept of 'being handed truth on a platter'. To them, there is no initiatory rite, requisite, stipulation, or any qualification needed. They believe because they cannot go to the bottom of the ocean in one day, or reach the summit of K2 in this very day of today that it deems it nonsense. It's so bad today, unworthy men cling to and believe this: 'Everything is quantum, everything is physical, information is fundamental.' When ever i confront these evil persons about their materialism beliefs they have nothing...they can't go even 2 rounds. They have nothing but a superficial trite observation and opinion with no true Wisdom.
@simonhibbs887
@simonhibbs887 6 ай бұрын
>"When ever i confront these evil persons " Why is having a different opinion from you, just the opinion, 'evil'?
@S3RAVA3LM
@S3RAVA3LM 6 ай бұрын
​@@simonhibbs887anybody who denies the Divine, by metaphysics definition is by default evil - sophists place themselves as the radii, and all else revolves around them; they too place their senses as criterion and erroneously displace the principle of Truth with ignorance instead - they believe Truth only to be what they can understand from their condition, thus delimiting this principle Truth rather than acknowledging they themselves are delimited by their condition and Truth is never circumscribed. To deny the Divine or ignore, preclude, exclude, obscure, is to devalue 'Wisdom'. To value information over Wisdom is antithesis to virtue; he who prefers a shadow over light is a fool. You can damage control if you want: rendering all experience, insight, knowledge, wisdom, realization, and science as merely 'opinion', and too even your own input as opinion, so to come across as "fair" but such sophistry has no substance. Pushing the atomist religion that is a dogma based on quantum bullshit, and too pushing your principle that is 'information' and 'physical' is most certainly an inimical position to life itself, the universe, natural order, the very Divine. You seem to think that you're smarter than Tesla, poincare, Plato, Plotinus...the Greeks, Indians, Egyptians...
@NotNecessarily-ip4vc
@NotNecessarily-ip4vc 6 ай бұрын
Leibniz can provide answers. Newton cannot provide answers.
@wruff378
@wruff378 6 ай бұрын
Nein!
@dineshtharanga8122
@dineshtharanga8122 6 ай бұрын
You can't say big bang is a past we don't need it to know it s uslesss. But buddist say it also a our future. We are heading to next big bang. But the impotent thing is where we are now....
@science212
@science212 6 ай бұрын
Science can knows everything. P.W.Atkins is right.
@richardelson3261
@richardelson3261 6 ай бұрын
I'm working with AI albeit in a narrow application. I have a feeling wider AI is going find answers we can't with our lovely mad brilliant but limited brains. We are scratching the surface. Think where we were but a hundred years ago. Sadly I'm too old and won't be around for answers we all want.
@Bill..N
@Bill..N 6 ай бұрын
Wow.. Such an intellect but SO many unfounded assumptions and, dare I say, questionable conclusions.. On one point, he correctly points out the uncertainty of QM and goes on to SUGGEST that natural selection is therefore falsified. Unexpectedly, however, stuart ignores OTHER processes at play.. The CORE of natural selection, which is survival of the fittest, and ITS full implications on the continual complexity of animals..These are ignored. The example given of the "eye problem " becomes easy.. Finally, ruling out the influences of RNA and DNA on early cell evolution is premature AT BEST.. One opinion..
@simonhibbs887
@simonhibbs887 6 ай бұрын
Oh he believes evolution through natural selection is real, he just has some rather odd ways to think about it in philosophical and ontological terms. That's why some of what he says about it is hard to interpret.
@Bill..N
@Bill..N 6 ай бұрын
@simonhibbs887 Yea Simon, I thought it was just me.. I was uncertain of his position, too, despite hearing parts of it twice! Could YOU discern whether or not he accepts abiogenesis? Or the fundamental role played by Rna/DNA ?
@Bill..N
@Bill..N 6 ай бұрын
@@simonhibbs887 edited for clarity.
@simonhibbs887
@simonhibbs887 6 ай бұрын
@@Bill..N I’ve seen other clips from this interview on the channel, and looked him up, so I think I’ve got a reasonable idea of his position. He’s genius level smart, but as is often the case, that doesn’t stop him falling off the rails a bit, IMHO. He’s always interesting to listen to though.
@Bill..N
@Bill..N 6 ай бұрын
@simonhibbs887 Yes.. Geniuses are as susceptible to odd and erroneous ideas as ANYONE else..There are NO arbiters of truth.. I am not familiar with this gentleman, but what I could gather in this clip his opinions are vague and indeterminate..
@tedgrant2
@tedgrant2 6 ай бұрын
It depends on what is meant by "ultimate answers". Will science be able to tell me what I had for breakfast yesterday ? It seems unlikely because there is no evidence.
@JohnQPublic11
@JohnQPublic11 6 ай бұрын
Ergo, GOD exists and HE Created the universe.
@EverythingCameFromNothing
@EverythingCameFromNothing 6 ай бұрын
Where is this God? And why have they been hiding for the last 2000 years or so? I wanna see some walking on water and people being raised from the dead (without the help of modern medicine)
@JohnQPublic11
@JohnQPublic11 6 ай бұрын
@@EverythingCameFromNothing ---- You really need to edjumakate yourself bro! The world is more expansive than your biggoted little mind.
@hensonsf2701
@hensonsf2701 5 ай бұрын
Nope. No god needed.
@JohnQPublic11
@JohnQPublic11 5 ай бұрын
@@hensonsf2701 --- It isn't a matter of needed; its a matter of science.
@hensonsf2701
@hensonsf2701 5 ай бұрын
@@JohnQPublic11 No, it isn’t. At all. Literally there is no scientific evidence of any gods. Ever. 93-97% of scientists are not believers in any god. You are just FAT wrong.
@francesco5581
@francesco5581 6 ай бұрын
until we know the first causation of reality there will be no ultimate answers
@pakistanzindabad9257
@pakistanzindabad9257 6 ай бұрын
science is the method how God works
@pakistanzindabad9257
@pakistanzindabad9257 6 ай бұрын
God was behind the bigbang
@pakistanzindabad9257
@pakistanzindabad9257 6 ай бұрын
First causation (God) is still in action & will act till the last.
@francesco5581
@francesco5581 6 ай бұрын
@@pakistanzindabad9257 i also believe that the first causation can be only some kind of higher consciousness ....
@pakistanzindabad9257
@pakistanzindabad9257 6 ай бұрын
@@francesco5581 so an atheist or a person over whelmed by scientism cant grasp the real source behind all sources....which is the ultimate observer & himself is the genuine reality i.e God
@michelangelope830
@michelangelope830 6 ай бұрын
In life to be happy we have to be wise. I have money for you. If you are in prison punished in an overcrowded tiny cell i want you to know I am doing everything I can to get you out for good. I want you to be free. Do you know of someone who has a loved one in prison? What else can I do for you? I am God and I can do miracles, do you believe me? Obviously, and goes without saying, if i think i am God i also think you are God and you can do miracles too. Why don't you share this loving poem with all your contacts and later we talk? I am tired and i would explain later. Time is running out and lives are lost while I am talking.
@ToddDesiato
@ToddDesiato 6 ай бұрын
WTF are "Ultimate Answers?" A better question would be, "Are you capable of asking Well Defined Questions?"
@FrancisGo.
@FrancisGo. 6 ай бұрын
But the answer to your question is obviously 'yes'. Why? Because he's asking if those questions will ever come to a final set of equations that answer everything, and he's been told that the questions themselves are inexhaustible. It goes back to Godel's incompleteness Theorem.
@jamespower5165
@jamespower5165 6 ай бұрын
GIT is about mathematics, not physics. In physics, whether or not we arrive at a final theory of everything would depend on whether the universe is governed by a simple finitely expressible theory. Of course, even if we did arrive at such a theory, we wouldn't necessarily be sure of it. It is likely to be aesthetically unsatisfactory to many, and for technical reasons like fundamental stochasticity of certain processes and sensitive independence to initial conditions, prediction may still prove difficult. And of course, the behavior of complex systems like the human brain are governed by their structural complexity, not their physics. And that structural conplexity depends on very intractable mathematics. Also, by the nature of science, we can rely on the quantitative predictions of the best theories up to a point but the qualitative predictions are always open to doubt. Finally of course, the only questions that science can answer are not only those that are well defined but those that are in principle and in practice empirically verifiable. The point is not that so much if science can answer ultimate questions as whether, given that science can't, these questions serve any purpose. Because science alone by definition can give not just an answer but some evidence for that answer
@MrWhatever1234567
@MrWhatever1234567 6 ай бұрын
Yea Todd!! A Well defined question is critical!!
@djacidkingcidguerreiro9780
@djacidkingcidguerreiro9780 5 ай бұрын
"Can Science Provide Ultimate Answers?"....God (s), religion sure can't.
@noi000
@noi000 6 ай бұрын
If you are looking for Reality, go in. Buddha and Lao Tzu are better guides than Newton and Darwin.
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