A Breakthrough in the hunt for Metallic Hydrogen? [Update 2020]

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A Breakthrough in the hunt for Metallic Hydrogen? [2020]
A team led by French Physicist Paul Loubeyre, used an updated version of the DAC method, and are claiming to have produced metallic hydrogen. At least they stated that the results are consistent with the transition from liquid to metallic, as predicted by supercomputer algorithms.
The trick was to use a new diamond tip shaped in a toroidal format. It was first introduced back in 2018, only one year after the Harvard team made its first observations.
Before this, the diamond was shaped with squared faces that looked something like this. (show image of diamond)
Side by side and the difference is apparent.
By just changing the form of the diamond tip, some experiments have reached TPa levels, opening a new door to high pressure physics research and solving one of the major limitations of this technique.
Softwares Used:
Blender 2.8 EEVEE
Apple Motion
Final Cut Pro X
Sources
www.nature.com/articles/d4158...
science.sciencemag.org/conten...
www.nature.com/articles/s4158...
www.nature.com/articles/s4146...
www.nature.com/articles/s4146...
science.sciencemag.org/conten...
• Making metallic hydrog...
www.futurescope.co/metallic-h...
dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/ha...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_...
serc.carleton.edu/NAGTWorksho...
news.harvard.edu/gazette/stor....
Attribution
Tobias1984 / CC BY-SA (creativecommons.org/licenses/...)

Пікірлер: 940

@phoule76 3 жыл бұрын

"the French team is under a lot of pressure"

@marcuspassi9599 3 жыл бұрын

will they come out intact?!

@robot4jarvis836 3 жыл бұрын

@@marcuspassi9599 or will they surrender to the circumstances?

@brightfuture0959 3 жыл бұрын

Any more and wifes/husbands start getting de-localized

@fai8t 3 жыл бұрын

they will be metallic hydrogen

@kbee225 3 жыл бұрын

The French team's sample sure is.

@manofsan 3 жыл бұрын

I just discovered Unobtainium -- but I, uhh, lost it

@howardashenfelter8235 3 жыл бұрын

No! Your dog ate it.

@captainjackpugh6050 3 жыл бұрын

Reminds me of the mormon religion

@jagatiello6900 3 жыл бұрын

Just as all the adamantium was lost in the making of the x-men movies

@SSingh-nr8qz 3 жыл бұрын

I gave it to Epstein.

@kriegscommissarmccraw4205 3 жыл бұрын

@@captainjackpugh6050 whadd'ya mean?

@perebraco 3 жыл бұрын

The level of 3D detail in these videos is unnatural, kudos my guy!

@blitz8229 3 жыл бұрын

Yeah, totally!

@martiddy 3 жыл бұрын

That's probably the reason why it tooks him a lot of time to make these kind of videos (that and research too).

@why4089 3 жыл бұрын

yeah, it is a eyes of AI?

@ProjectExMachina 3 жыл бұрын

For me, sad thing is that I only listen his videos usually

@gaprilis 3 жыл бұрын

As a person working with Diamond Anvil Cells (DACs) in my research, I would like to comment that the video is very well presented and very accurate both scientifically as well as in the presentation of the reactions of the high-pressure scientific community. The Harvard paper is indeed taken very skeptically by the community, and, to my opinion, shows also a little the approach on science from high impact journals such as Science, that accepted to publish a paper with very little actual data (yes, no one can take iPhone photos seriously...) just because of the big claims in the title. The paper from Loubeyre et al. is taken much more positively, as the closest we have reached so far, although still without direct but "almost direct" evidence. Lastly, the toroidal anvil technique is very interesting. It is not the modification of DAC that holds the current "pressure record". The pressure is held by a technique called double-stage DAC, where small super-hard diamond spheres are cut in half and placed between the anvils, and then the sample is placed on the curved side of the sphere (Dubrovinskaia et al. 2016). However, this technique leaves very small space for the sample, that has to be really tiny, even for the sizes that people are used to work with inside DACs. The toroidal technique does not achieve so high pressures -as far as I know- but it allows for a more stable and easily repetitive experiment, using a bigger sample that is easier to handle. Interestingly, the toroidal anvil method is common technology in big presses, devices that take the space of a small room and are used press press big samples. The French group and their collaborators only very recently adapted this technology to the small diamond anvil cells, with astonishing results. Looking at it retrospectively is very simple idea, but it is always like this with big ideas. They are sitting there, under our nose, until someone actually grabs them and decides to test them :)

@stantrien8106 3 жыл бұрын

Do we know if the sample created by the Loubeyre team was meta-stable, or did it turn back to a gas after pressure was removed?

@gaprilis 3 жыл бұрын

@@ff-ti7nj I do not know what you do in your life, but how many degrees you have collected does not make you an "educated" person automatically. The pursuit for knowledge and the curiosity is there independently so if you are commenting under this video it means that you are interested to learn and educational videos on youtube is a very good choice. So it depends where you are referring to. If you refer to your personal ambitions and need for personal growth, then getting a degree is in no way the only route to educating yourself. There are online classes, books, videos, the internet is always a vast source of knowledge. If you are disappointed from a professional point of view then this is different. Have in mind that working in science is not easy at all. There is a lot of unpaid or unappreciated work as well as a lot of instability and insecurity due to short-term contracts, all of the world. You can really make no life plans until you are minimum 35 or older. Of course it is much better than a lot of jobs out there, it provides a relatively good payment, a nice working environment and interesting daily challenges, but of course it always depends on what you compare it with. So in this case I really hope you are not trapped in a bad working situation, but still, education is not always necessary to a satisfying working environment.

@gaprilis 3 жыл бұрын

@@stantrien8106 to be honest I don't know. I tried to have a fast look at their publication and did not find any mentions about what they did to the sample, although I did not have the time to look carefully. I am not sure about the phase diagram of hydrogen specifically, but most probably these phases do not survive back into ambient pressure. Also, from a practical point of view, when someone manages to create such a precious sample, the cases are that either they keep doing experiments until the sample is destroyed (breaking of diamonds or the hydrogen escaping) or they just carefully store it somewhere (for some samples it can even be years) until they get a proper chance to do experiments on it in the future.

@ColdHawk 3 жыл бұрын

ryojin - Great post. That is extremely interesting. It is rare that reporting gets it right in the eyes of an expert or someone on the inside of a field. It was nice to hear your endorsement of this as largely accurate and to have your added perspective. Thanks!

@IngeniousOutdoors 3 жыл бұрын

out of curiosity, can you explain to me why they use open face diamonds to do this instead of a diamond rod and socket set up to compress the hydrogen? is it because of the weakness of the diamonds or something?

@jasonchiu272 3 жыл бұрын

"Synchrotron infrared absorption spectroscopy" sounds like an increasingly verbose way of saying "infrared camera"

@SubjectZeroScience 3 жыл бұрын

Exactly.

@Mp57navy 3 жыл бұрын

@@SubjectZeroScience So... my phone has an infrared camera built in. Does that mean the other team used a phone too?

@yaourcoco2176 3 жыл бұрын

google "synchrotron soleil", you will see that its not a simple camera

@AdzelGameplays 3 жыл бұрын

you need a particle acelerator in synchrotron spectroscopy

@chiboreache 3 жыл бұрын

@@Mp57navy do not know about phones, but you can easily modify DSLR camera, to make awesome IR photos with small expose time

@RealDaveTheFreak 3 жыл бұрын

Small critique: please add a bit more additional information. Only in the end did you mention what it can be used for in one sentence, though it would be awesome if you could state that in the beginning (more detailed). For instance it can be used for certain applications such as XY because of its properties AB. Or maybe it's just curiosity. Also you did mention two methods but then were only explaining the former one (unless I missed something). So... all in all, a bit more background information could make your videos even better. Other than that, great job!

@jaimequerol27182 3 жыл бұрын

Metalick hydrojen will be the an amazing rocket fuell thta the engine will need a magnetic nozzle to control the exaust because of ots temperature, also the exaust it will be pink

@JohnSmith-sk7cg 3 жыл бұрын

@@jaimequerol27182 More important than that, it's theorized to be a room-temperature superconductor.

@jaimequerol27182 3 жыл бұрын

@@JohnSmith-sk7cg i now and i cant weit till metalic hydrogen can be recreated and proben its efects

@trezapoioiuy 3 жыл бұрын

That’s kind of pointless for the moment. While researchers need to talk about potential applications because it helps getting funds, we’re still probably decades from even think realistically about applications. Nobody knows yet if, how and when this will actually be used. For the moments let’s see how to make it reliably and how to make experiments on it, since it’s confined to the vessel in the press.

@STEEVSUPREME 3 жыл бұрын

@@trezapoioiuy from a practicality standpoint I agree, however, I too was intrigued by the last sentence and would like to know more about the theorized applications. You have to get people motivated and interested for this type of research to progress.

@QuestionEverythingButWHY 3 жыл бұрын

“Somewhere, something incredible is waiting to be known.” ― Carl Sagan

@marianhadarau6280 3 жыл бұрын

He was a toy!!

@archangel6666 2 жыл бұрын

Should’ve said “waiting to happen”

@karim1485 3 жыл бұрын

"Shot on iPhone" lol

@SSingh-nr8qz 3 жыл бұрын

Scientist: "Siri. Please take a picture of this historic moment" Siri: "Sorry your iCloud is full. Please upgrade"

@zinussan50 3 жыл бұрын

Damnit. 🤣My eyes cant stop looking at it. Hahaha

@techhelpwizardgenie3146 3 жыл бұрын

I didn't know what this comment meant at first. I thought it was an unimaginative joke. Nope you were serious, that is the legitimate media they used to "verify" the world changing breakthrough experiment that they "lost". Yeah seems legit.

@korswe 3 жыл бұрын

Best camera is the one you can use right away. However, I find it odd that a Harvard research team did not set up a stationary, stand-alone high-speed camera.

@zinussan50 3 жыл бұрын

@@korswe exactly. I always thought my thesis is among the worst compare to prestigious Harvard. Now I can proud for using DSLR as photo processing device (cool name for camera🤭)

@Vivaswaan. 3 жыл бұрын

Very comprehensive explanation. It's like you extracted all the useful information and provided it to us in an easy to understand manner with 3D animation. Thanks.

@kristiantucker5449 3 жыл бұрын

I don't remember subscribing to this channel... BUT I LOVE IT!!!

@rickdees251 3 жыл бұрын

It's how YT manipulates people. They sub' people to channels they didn't chose and unsubscribes others. Do you really think that comments they want's suppressed are shown to other's? They promote their agenda's that way.

@yt.personal.identification 3 жыл бұрын

@@rickdees251Just wanted to tell you YT wanted me to see your comment.

@rickdees251 3 жыл бұрын

@@yt.personal.identification How funny! They should be hiding my comments more than others. Their "algorithm" has a flaw. They'll probably fix that soon. Thanks for the note David all the same, nice to meet you. Cheers.

@rickdees251 3 жыл бұрын

@@ff-ti7nj That not the point. The point is being subscribed to one or more channels without "you" doing the subscribing. I went through my list and found 4 other channels that I don't recall subbing to and I noticed something else. None of those had the bell (notices) turned on. When I sub' I always "turn on the bell".. It's strange, that's for sure. Something is going on. Hell, it might be YT isn't doing it but someone else selling Sub' to random viewers for a fee? Who knows?

@repubblesmcglonky8990 3 жыл бұрын

Upisnotjump: Why Metallic Hydrogen is an absolute nightmare

@oliverlee4033 3 жыл бұрын

Repubbles McGlonky Metallic hydrogen could exist in certain stars - DAMN YOU SUN!!!

@repubblesmcglonky8990 3 жыл бұрын

@@oliverlee4033 Don't you mean "The Smun"?

@aidanpryde7720 3 жыл бұрын

recently found his vids and wish he had more he's such a funny charismatic guy. wish more KZfaqrs took a less serious take like he does.

@repubblesmcglonky8990 3 жыл бұрын

@@aidanpryde7720 same, and he's really cute too ^-^

@patricktoussaint6510 3 жыл бұрын

@@oliverlee4033 and jupiter

@jerthon1 3 жыл бұрын

"we made Metallic Hydrogen" Cool let me see it "oh we lost the sample"... Well if you made it once make it again, that is how science works....

@martinracek8593 3 жыл бұрын

Not with quantum mechanics (as far as I know lol)

@davydiver 3 жыл бұрын

Eugene Wigner also postulated that it should remain in the metalic state after the pressure is removed. The presentation failed to comment on that...

@dragoscoco2173 Жыл бұрын

Then we would have found samples in meteoric impacts or high explosives that generate pressures high enough to create diamonds. Even by mistake there should be some left it were truly stable.

@davydiver Жыл бұрын

@@dragoscoco2173 yeah but it would be highly reactive and oxidize. So not necessarily. Also its a degenerate matter, so it might go flying off, or have funky quantum properties...

@NoHandleToSpeakOf 3 жыл бұрын

Shot on Iphone. This is some first-class trolling in science. No way to profile that device.

@TheHellogs4444 3 жыл бұрын

You don't need to be able to profile the imaging, the point is to distinguish transparency and the iphone can do it. What specifically could go wrong? Can they get an imprecise result (they don't really claim that much precision, they don't even have uncertainty ranges - if they do it's 160 Gpa wide) because of it, in a way that matters?

@TheHellogs4444 3 жыл бұрын

Oh waitamin I just found "495 ± 13 GPa", measured via ... infrared? ANyway, suppl. material states it was observed at only 6 points between 370 and 495 GPa

@JB-yb4wn 3 жыл бұрын

I think it's called "product placement" there must be an Apple angle in there somewhere.

@RWBHere 3 жыл бұрын

@@JB-yb4wn And an M1 CPU®

@A.R.77 3 жыл бұрын

Great work! That described the event very concisely.

@ChaineYTXF 3 жыл бұрын

A superb video. You gained a subscriber, sir.

@georgelopez9411 3 жыл бұрын

Amazing video. Would love a follow up explaining why Metallic Hydrogen would be such an important discovery!

@dzspdref 3 жыл бұрын

@KELLI2L2 it would give an explanation as to the relevance of other gaseous planets having such high strong magnetospheres radiating from them if they could be shown to have metallic hydrogen in their cores from the high pressures and density there.

@adarshsrivastav2925 3 жыл бұрын

Every element shows metallic property at certain and specific conditions. This is a whole new branch of future researchers.

@MarcusAsaro 3 жыл бұрын

I agree. High pressure physics could yield a whole new area (and era) of application if we find various metastable phases of compounds. At least with hydrides [what I know best], rather exotic properties are inferred to exist at high pressure. Unfortunately, most of these will probably revert back to their original phases when pressure is lowered, but likely, a few which will remain metastable. There could be --room temperature superconductors --efficient fusion fuel in ultra-dense hydrogen --very large specific impulse for lightweight rocket fuel so we can have SSTO rockets --strong and light structural materials. --etc.... What wonders await for those few!!!

@juliocalderon4687 2 жыл бұрын

This page operates with such an extremely high level of excellence it’s hard to believe this is free to watch for me

@NovaHolyDays 3 жыл бұрын

You need more viewers! You need more subscribers! This is such amazing and great content, I hope the youtube algorithm will take that into account when I'm typing this!

@nyanates 3 жыл бұрын

I was confused all halfway through this vid before I realized he was saying “sample.” And no I’m not bragging about it.

@blitz8229 3 жыл бұрын

Very interesting topic!

@BeRohan5 3 жыл бұрын

Superb Presentation!

@SnowblindOtter 3 жыл бұрын

I can respect the Cave Johnson reference at the end. Bravo.

@FurryEskimo 3 жыл бұрын

This sounds cool! I studied metallic hydrogen in HS, but that was years and years ago.. It was hypothesized to be the cores of Jupiter and Saturn I think. I forget if it’s a super conductor or not, but I do imagine it has some extreme qualities.

@ernstboyd8745 3 жыл бұрын

at the end they said "a whole new field of rocket propulsion" even if it is stable at normal pressures this looks difficult to scale up???

@TheHellogs4444 3 жыл бұрын

Standard youtuber/futurist circle jerk bandwagoning, like solid state batteries. It's fairly ridiculous, the amount of energy you put in to maintain metallic hydrogen will probably make it not worth it except for super long fights maybe. Which is, I guess, the appeal - it'll skew rocket equation in our favour at a high, high cost

@TheRyujinLP 3 жыл бұрын

Keep in mind this is literally babies first steps at making this stuff. This is meant to just figure if it can even be done, not if it can be done so economically. That's for the engineers to figure out, once we know that it can be done, then we can figure out how to mass produce it.

@rxonmymind8362 3 жыл бұрын

@@TheHellogs4444 Government would like to write a check. The higher the cost the more legit right?

@MarcusAsaro 3 жыл бұрын

Ernst, assuming a phase of metallic hydrogen does exist that is metastable, you are right that is it infeasible to mass-produce it using the static pressure of diamond anvils. That being said, there are theoretical ideas to aid in lowering the pressure needed to make these phases. For example: The idea of electric field induced nucleation (Ref: Nardone and Karpov). Nucleation in this sense is metal nucleation of hydrogen brought on by a laser field with E = √(4pi*I/c), where E is the applied field, and I is the laser intensity. Because the electric field is the main influence on phase changes in dense hydrogen, driving this E-field with an applied field (via laser of suitable frequency and intensity) may significantly lower the pressure needed to achieve metastable metallic hydrogen. If this works, this may (or may not) lead to an economically feasible way to produce metallic hydrogen.

@IBHunter 3 жыл бұрын

I have seen proposals to use explosives to scale up production. This is only feasible if the metallic hydrogen is stable at normal pressure. There is a good bit of research to do before we get there!

@EdwardTriesToScience 3 жыл бұрын

so proffsional, and very informational, subscribed

@britishneko3906 2 жыл бұрын

SubZero Science's intro part is always the best

@arden-chan 3 жыл бұрын

"Visual confirmation: Shot with iPhone" How professional. /s

@ralanham76 3 жыл бұрын

It was the PRO one 🤣

@Lilmiket1000 2 жыл бұрын

Love this kind of science. It seems like they would be able to create these extreme pressures using electro magitism in some way. So that we can scale up production of matallic hydrogen. Since its safer to work with because it becomes stable.

@johnsavage8873 3 жыл бұрын

Another break through! Nice I guess! Does it have any practical use here and now?

@MarcusAsaro 3 жыл бұрын

You have to wait until it is confirmed that solid metallic hydrogen becomes metastable and is a room temperature superconductor. Those will be investigated in future experiments in the next few years. The potential applications are amazing and limitless as long as one can find a way to produce at large scales.

@bastadimasta 3 жыл бұрын

Wonderful video

@dgretlein 3 жыл бұрын

I’ll be looking for the announcement, but not holding my breath.

@Hravani4CM 3 жыл бұрын

That finale though "instant Nobel prize, and a whole new field of rocket propulsion. Alright folks, that's it. We're done here." You must be a love em and leave em kinda guy. Bahahaha.

@firmman4505 3 жыл бұрын

@Neptunade 3 жыл бұрын

Such a cool informatic video!

@jimliu7086 2 жыл бұрын

Thanks for this cool video!

@QuestionEverythingButWHY 3 жыл бұрын

“There are no rules. That is how art is born, how breakthroughs happen. Go against the rules or ignore the rules. That is what invention is about.” --Helen Frankenthaler

@Lukegear 3 жыл бұрын

Hell yeah!

@void5239 3 жыл бұрын

This is incredible!

@danmarquez3971 3 жыл бұрын

Wow! This is so cool... metallic hydrogen is potentially a super conductor with huge possibilities!

@petrabanjarnahor229 3 жыл бұрын

I lost it at "shot on iPhone"

@ODGColornChrome 3 жыл бұрын

If that was possible then I would surmise that any gas could be turned into a solid. It would be interesting to see how many others could be turned into metal.

@trezapoioiuy 3 жыл бұрын

Darren Cannell not exactly, it can work with hydrogen bc it’s on the metal side of the periodic table

@lamalien2276 3 жыл бұрын

I'm not an expert but isn't this a property of the covalent bonds of hydrogen, not metallic bonds or merely a matter of density?

@nmarbletoe8210 3 жыл бұрын

@@lamalien2276 It's probably not even a classical effect, since it wasn't predicted in the 1800s. I suspect that quantum calculations are essential, and if so that could lead to surprises for other elements.

@LLO227 3 жыл бұрын

Cool as Heck!!! I wish I came up with that idea. 💡

@VanCamelCat 3 жыл бұрын

Your English requires improvement, imho. However, your speech rhythm, and your intonation (especially at punctuation points) is just impeccable! Which makes this very technical information much easier to understand. Thanks! So many videos on KZfaq have weird and repetitive intonation nowadays, it is great to see one like yours where things make sense to my ears 👌

@oscardelafuente8649 3 жыл бұрын

How do you do these animations?

@blitz8229 3 жыл бұрын

Google the Open Source Software "Blender", it's mainly used for high quality 3d animations.

@oscardelafuente8649 3 жыл бұрын

@@blitz8229 I tried to get into it but it's super complex also thank you

@Iliya117 3 жыл бұрын

"Shot on Iphone" figures

@heinoobermeyer7566 3 жыл бұрын

Such bs. An undergrad can get away by using an Iphone, but at the postgrad level.... Hell no.

@Hunter_Bidens_Crackpipe_ 3 жыл бұрын

No scientist worth anything has an iphone. That's a sheep exclusive device.

@ph11p3540 3 жыл бұрын

@@Hunter_Bidens_Crackpipe_ Most do own an iPhone but most would never think of using such a crude camera for obvious reasons.

@antonhelsgaun 3 жыл бұрын

@@Hunter_Bidens_Crackpipe_ that is such a naive thing to say

@carso1500 3 жыл бұрын

@@antonhelsgaun it is true thou, theres literaly nothing an iPhone has that Android doesnt have (or you can't download) while being far less expensive, for the price of a single iPhone i can buy a good phone and a good computer

@the_phoenix__08 3 жыл бұрын

It's Midnight here in India but I don't care about time for Subject Zero Science Btw one more fantastic video + informative like always

@Ale-to3fv 3 жыл бұрын

what a good channel!

@andreaskunwald1207 3 жыл бұрын

So it was not superconducting? I kind of had my Hopes up for a room temperature superconductor.

@plasma11687 3 жыл бұрын

Even if it was, do you really want to use what is essentially extremely energetic rocket fuel in any type of practical superconducting wiring system?

@andreaskunwald1207 3 жыл бұрын

Yes of course I want to do research in a brand new area. Super strong electromagnets can Bee uesed for many applikations fx Energy Production and particle accelerator, It can also, Bee usefull in Quantum computing. When we can produce enough to fuel Rockets you can burn all you like.

@andreaskunwald1207 3 жыл бұрын

Duo we eaven know Energy dense this would be? Is it more dense than nuclear fission, for eksempel?

@DavidKnowles0 3 жыл бұрын

@@plasma11687 I think they just want to find a superconductor. Once they seen one they can figure out how to make one without using explosive materials. Hopefully.

@plasma11687 3 жыл бұрын

@@DavidKnowles0 Well, your argument would be correct, had we been discussing something like a ceramic polymer superconductor, where finding a single superconducting material provides insights on how others might be built. This is raw hydrogen we are talking about - even if it is a superconductor, what does that tell us? Aside from metallic hydrogen, other "metallic" elements are comparatively easy to obtain and most decidedly not super conductive.

@davidwhite2011 3 жыл бұрын

Is there any practical applications for this?

@chadthundercock1281 3 жыл бұрын

If it happens to be relatively stable then it could become an extremely efficient rocket fuel. It would just decompose into molecular hydrogen and release a lot of energy after enough energy is supplied to start the reaction, so you don't need any oxidizer for the rocket.

@hamjudo 3 жыл бұрын

@@chadthundercock1281 Even if it is stable under normal conditions, it probably won't be able to handle high energy cosmic rays. A TPa represents a massive amount of energy when compared to chemical reactions. Nuclear reactions are on a different level. If some particle comes barreling through a spaceship's fuel tank with enough energy to knock a proton out of this hypothetical stable hydrogen configuration, it can't be stable anymore. Boom!

@trezapoioiuy 3 жыл бұрын

You’ll need to be patient! They barely even observed it yet!

@lamalien2276 3 жыл бұрын

Superconducting at room temperature, able to carry 216 megajoules of energy per kilogram, sounds pretty useful to me.

@harinayan4956 3 жыл бұрын

Request sir: please read out the notes displayed on the screen during the presentation because it is very hard to read the notes and listen to your explanation at the same time . If you read it and then explain it it would be more awesome!!👍👍 Ps I love your videos ... Thanks for the information!!❤️❤️❤️

@roxjeruben 3 жыл бұрын

You need more subscribers mate

@sandspar 3 жыл бұрын

Reacting to the stated premise of " A whole new field of rocket propulsion ", if it takes such pressure to achieve a solid state, what means are proposed to revert to liquid where it can be converted to gas for fuel? Energy is a constant, so they say?

@TRak598 3 жыл бұрын

Well, the structure itself is storing energy, like a compressed air tank. Now, I don't know the specifics of the physics and chemistry of this kind of Hydrogen, but whatever they are, the reaction must be somewhat reversible, and liberate all the energy that it absorbed in the form of heat and pressure (kinect energy). If it happens spontaneously, we can't use it for anything. But assuming it is stable, we now have a novel material that is an efficient explosive, fuel and perhaps an interesting structural material (this last one requires the material to be produced in a decent quantity for tests).

@trezapoioiuy 3 жыл бұрын

Well, I doubt this can be stored anyways. At least for now.

@sandspar 3 жыл бұрын

@@TRak598 What means are proposed; think about the implications of that concerning " Rocket propulsion ". They proposed the application. Hydrogen, being infinitely abundant in the vacuum of space, may have the potential to use that vacuum. This could have influenced this premise, or there may be an altogether different mechanism, but that will have to be answered before solid hydrogen can be burned, otherwise the bonds will never be broken by anything less than the sun.

@nic.h 3 жыл бұрын

@@sandspar Hydrogen being infinitely abundant in the vacuum of space?

@aerojetrocketdyners-2538 3 жыл бұрын

Its because it has extremely high Thrust (potential energy)AND speicfic impulse(efficiency or measure of how well a fuel combo burns).Normal Hydrolox rockets have poor thrust but have very high specific impulse.This is due to poor volumetric loading of liquid hyrdogen due to its low density so leading to low thrust to weight ratios, relegating hydrolox engines to upper stages of the rocket.With metallic hydrogen, you have high specific impulse and thrust.Which is the holy grail of rocket propulsion, because normally, impulse and specific impulse are inverse of each other.(Higher efficiency normally means less thrust).Ion engines have specific impulses of 12000s while normal kerolox engines have 280s but kerolox engines produce orders of maginitude higher thrust than an ion engine.

@LightningSe7en 3 жыл бұрын

TIME FOR SCIENCE

@stefanschleps8758 3 жыл бұрын

Finally. When will the same occur with oxygen ?

@Mr.Nichan 3 жыл бұрын

Making metallic hydrogen does not automatically create a whole new field of rocket propulsion. It's still quite possible that it is not metastable at lower pressures, which would mean that any metallic-hydrogen rocket would have to maintain unrealistically high pressures in it's fuel tanks that would likely add more weight than was removed by the increased energy density even if it were possible.

@Earth1960 3 жыл бұрын

"...and a whole new field of rocket propulsion." *runs for the door* Wait! How would metallic H be used in rockets? What happens when it's no longer under pressure? So many questions.

@TheHellogs4444 3 жыл бұрын

Idea is that you can leave it pressurized, for high density energy for rockets I guess. It's supposed to be stable in a scalable way on a rocket

@thecanadiankiwibirb4512 3 жыл бұрын

GS4444 lol I was boutta comment the same general thing

@thecanadiankiwibirb4512 3 жыл бұрын

Akubra Hat Basically, metallic hydrogen is A) much more dense, so you can fit a lot more fuel in the rocket, and B) is stable at room temperature and so doesn’t boil off. (This is why you see what looks like steam coming off many rockets before launch, it’s hydrogen boiling off) Edit: check out this video: kzfaq.info/get/bejne/pLOWg7GGv-Crj4U.html

@benjaminmiller3620 3 жыл бұрын

@@thecanadiankiwibirb4512 *_Possibly_ stable at ambient temperature & pressure. We don't actually know this for sure.

@MarcusAsaro 3 жыл бұрын

@@TheHellogs4444 This is incorrect. It is assumed that a metastable state will be found so you don't need to keep it under pressure.

@stevemickler452 3 жыл бұрын

Isn't ti true that it is only metallic as long as its under that extreme pressure? Hard to see how it could be used for rocket fuel if it takes multiples of the mass of the hydrogen to contain it.

@adarshsrivastav2925 3 жыл бұрын

Well once it deformed it will remain like that in less intense conditions also. Sun has abundanceof metallic hydrogen

@vasanthsreeram 3 жыл бұрын

If I am not wrong once it reaches the metallic stage it doesn’t require as much pressure to keep it stable in its state. Don’t quote me on it tho

@patrickryckman3867 3 жыл бұрын

@@vasanthsreeram If that were true I would expect these researchers would have a sample leftover then.

@vasanthsreeram 3 жыл бұрын

@@patrickryckman3867 I mentioned "doesn't require as much pressure", so it may still require some pressure, probably not 425 but may be alot less

@trezapoioiuy 3 жыл бұрын

vasanth vasanth yeah but even a lot less could still be a crazy amount of pressure

@linecraftman3907 3 жыл бұрын

what happened to the sample once they released pressure?

@phoboskittym8500 3 жыл бұрын

So this would be used for fuels? Would this also make supermaterials? To make a hull of a space craft (or would it be too heavy?) that could survive a crash landing on a planet and remain intact?

@stevenclarkson8676 3 жыл бұрын

So what can you use it for ?

@user-vt5ik1xi7l 3 жыл бұрын

For producing energy

@polasamierwahsh421 3 жыл бұрын

Way better rocket fuel The chance of future cheaper safer and more environmentally friendly And further on the ability to create the next energy source

@stevenclarkson8676 3 жыл бұрын

@@user-vt5ik1xi7l you can do that with the gas

@stevenclarkson8676 3 жыл бұрын

@@polasamierwahsh421 I think you are making it up

@fonso3656 3 жыл бұрын

Rockets!

@olred6960 3 жыл бұрын

Imagine oxygen as a metal. Yeah Im just gonna chomp down on this here ingot so I can breathe

@trezapoioiuy 3 жыл бұрын

Ol Red that ingot would be chomping you, more realistically

@massimookissed1023 3 жыл бұрын

The thinking is Hydrogen could be the first element in the group 1 metals Li, Na, K, etc, whereas Oxygen is right in the middle of the small section of non-metals.

@trezapoioiuy 3 жыл бұрын

Massimo O'Kissed but that was a joke

@Calzour 3 жыл бұрын

They have metallized oxygen, it happens at lik 165GPa and it forms a reddish metal!

@Unethical.Dodgson 3 жыл бұрын

The reason why we believe Metallic Hydrogen to be worth chasing is because the assumption is that it would be a stable material.

@celivalg 3 жыл бұрын

What I am most interested about is if it's stable or not, I think that's one of the point that we don't know a lot about... But if it is indeed stable, that would be huge.... Still would need a way to mass produce it though

@Chaos------ 3 жыл бұрын

Could lasers be pumped through the diamond lattice itself? With built in pumpways to concentrate the light to produce inward pressure.

@chubbymoth5810 3 жыл бұрын

Cool video. Okay,.. it is possible to make this stuff. Doesn't look like its going to be commercial any time soon though.

@LaserGuidedLoogie 3 жыл бұрын

We'd all love to see metallic hydrogen, but let's not get carried away: We're a long way from making rocket propellant out of the stuff even if the French team is successful.

@TheHellogs4444 3 жыл бұрын

I doubt things like this are economical at all, even if we can scale the process the amount of energy needed to generate it probably makes it not worthwhile for everything except the longest space trips

@LaserGuidedLoogie 3 жыл бұрын

@@TheHellogs4444 I think you are right.

@rxonmymind8362 3 жыл бұрын

We don't know...what we don't know. Until it's real. Look at the conventional microwave and what it has been able to accomplish in so many fields. This will be the same.

@MarcusAsaro 3 жыл бұрын

@@TheHellogs4444 No necessarily. There are some theories that may aid in lowering the pressure required to make the transition to metallic hydrogen. This could make it economically feasible.

@Tystros 2 жыл бұрын

Has there been an update on this by now? Has it been successfully peer reviewed?

@gregorkluth2857 3 жыл бұрын

would be cool if you'd make a video about Nano diamond batteries Great video BTW

@aeloolindowy 3 жыл бұрын

Metallic hydrogen is only useful for rocket propulsion if it's stable at usual pressures and temperatures. That is the most interesting information, yet it's missing.

@charllsquarra1677 3 жыл бұрын

☝🏻

@gmangsan 3 жыл бұрын

May have uses as a fusion material if they could bombard it to even greater pressure via the use of lasers.

@alexlorda394 3 жыл бұрын

if it would be useful fo rocket fuel wouldn't it be useful for electric cars as well?

@MarcusAsaro 3 жыл бұрын

Assuming there is a condition at higher pressure which results in a metastable phase if metallic hydrogen, the application to rocket fuel is that this solid form of hydrogen will be extremely energy dense and have a very high specific impulse, Isp. The basic idea is this: Metallic hydrogen is heated in the rocket chamber up above a critical temperature (1000 K?), at which point the metastability is overcome, and a lot of energy (216 MJ/kg [Ref Silvera]) is released as the hydrogen atoms reorganize into boring old H2, and the rocket goes up. Silvera and Cole estimate that metallic hydrogen will have Isp = 1700 s, compared to rockets of today, having only Isp = 460 s. This fuel is so perfect for rockets that it would enable single-stage to orbit (SSTO) rockets!!!!!!! Consider the Saturn V. It's payload weight to gross lift-off weight (GLOW) is ~4%. An SSTO rocket powered with metallic hydrogen fuel will have a GLOW of ~20 - 25%! Think about it. A quarter of the rock ets mass is it's payload - and its an SSTO. I am assuming one will be able to direct the empty rocket back down with what little remains of its exotic fuel. For geosynchronous transfer orbit, a metallic hydrogen rocket can carry 15X the payload of a rocket today.

@aeloolindowy 3 жыл бұрын

@@MarcusAsaro Would such a rocket still carry oxygen, or it's not worth the weight compared to metallic hydrogen?

@Fil_2k 3 жыл бұрын

first at last haven´t watched the video but i know its gona be good.

@cosmikrelic4815 3 жыл бұрын

wow, what an achievment! I wish I could be like you.

@Fil_2k 3 жыл бұрын

@@cosmikrelic4815 how far into the comment section did you go to see this message lmao

@cosmikrelic4815 3 жыл бұрын

@@Fil_2k I'm not sure I understand what you are getting at? I like to read the comments on videos but when I read that someone hasn't actually watched the video and all they were interested in was being first, I am dumbfounded by their ignorance, hence the sarcasm.

@Fil_2k 3 жыл бұрын

@@cosmikrelic4815 oh someone salty i see and cultured in the art of talking a buch of shit that doesn´t mean anything. oh well hope you don´t get pissed off and maby try not to think you are better that every body else. ;)oh btw i know you don´t read an intire comment cuz what i said in my firt comment was just already liked because ik its gona be good video.btw do yourself a favour and don´t waste time responding that would just be playing dum or not accepting a diferent point of view.

@eliasniwert3680 3 жыл бұрын

If I understand this correctly we can make solid rocket boosters with LOX and this might also mean easy storage for if we want to use hydrogen as car fuel

@asmrgamingOz 3 жыл бұрын

it will open up a lot of potential technologies

@TechnoSticks 3 жыл бұрын

Last time I was this early I wasn't born yet

@klausbrinck2137 3 жыл бұрын

"We just created a µgr of Metallic Hydrogen, and destroyed the 2 most expensive diamonds of the universe in the process... "Wow, a whole new field of rocket propulsion lays in front of us, as long as we´ve produced 100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000times this amount!!!"

@charlesnelson5187 3 жыл бұрын

I know...they are clowns!

@klausbrinck2137 3 жыл бұрын

@@charlesnelson5187 I don´t think they are clowns, I just repeat the joke he already has made, in this video, but too little got the joke or commented it...

@soylentgreenb 3 жыл бұрын

10^104 is 1 mole of universes where every atom is metallic hydrogen.

@klausbrinck2137 3 жыл бұрын

@@soylentgreenb (10^82 atoms in the observable universe)*(6.022×10^23 Avogadro´s constant)=6.022×10^105 atoms in 1 mole of universes. ;-) U were surely right.

@migBdk 3 жыл бұрын

They are high pressure scientists, they can just make new diamonds.

@juliankandlhofer7553 3 жыл бұрын

Really cool but what does it mean for hydrogen to be metallic? does it form an electron cloud? also how would this be useful for rocket propulsion? thx

@jackvanwykay9012 3 жыл бұрын

Well it means thet the hydrogen behaves like a metal. The rocket Propelent Part is interesting since it is theorysed to have a specific Impulse of 1700 seconds witch is impresiv. But one of the more interesting aspects of this Form of Hydrogen is theat it is theorysed to be a super conductor at room temperature

@juliankandlhofer7553 3 жыл бұрын

@@jackvanwykay9012 room temperature... but at 500GPa? doesn't sound that useful :D thanks!

@farquhartoffenbechtellersh5727 3 жыл бұрын

Most impressive! 🧐

@andymouse 3 жыл бұрын

Very interesting but " instant Nobel Prize and a new field in rocket propulsion " needs some qualification please.

@Hyperlooper 3 жыл бұрын

If we could make this in mass amounts it would transform rocketry

@andymouse 3 жыл бұрын

@@Hyperlooper That's exactly what they just said....so HOW ?

@RStell-wt5qr 3 жыл бұрын

Welcoom to teh hydroolic press channel, today we haf a solid diamond tools and we gonna crush some hydrogen gas into metals.

@nmarbletoe8210 3 жыл бұрын

an then we catch mices

@davmar9923 3 жыл бұрын

In your video on metallic hydrogen as a propellant you said that it was believed that, once created, metallic hydrogen would be stable at room temperature. So if the French team created metallic hydrogen was there a sample of same left after the pressure was released? Wouldn't that be definitive of the question?

@ethanlai1044 3 жыл бұрын

Was that a Cave Johnson reference at the end?

@Matt33318 3 жыл бұрын

At so high pressure and temperature, how the scientists prevent the hydrogen atoms to fuse into a heavier helium atom? Or are they cooling the whole anvil cell with a liquid gas to nearly 0 K?

@lamalien2276 3 жыл бұрын

Seriously?

@Matt33318 3 жыл бұрын

@@lamalien2276 ???

@nmarbletoe8210 3 жыл бұрын

I think they need far higher pressures to induce fusion, but I don't know the numbers.

@Matt33318 2 жыл бұрын

@@lamalien2276 What's wrong bro?

@Matt33318 2 жыл бұрын

@@nmarbletoe8210 Yes, it could be right.

@professionalprocrastinator8103 3 жыл бұрын

6:55 Someone could make a "Chad v Virgin" meme out of this lmao

@MarcusAsaro 3 жыл бұрын

@Subject Zero Science: That "whole new field of rocket propulsion" you mention only works if a phase of metallic hydrogen can be found to be metastable. Ashcroft predicted this but the theory is not well understood at these high pressures. Thus, if this is not the case, then metallic hydrogen goes bye bye after the anvil pressure is released, and no one gets a fancy new type of rocket fuel.

@dportben 3 жыл бұрын

Can you do a video of the benefits of Metallic Hydrogen? (like i cant see it be a world changer but i would like to know the hypothetical answer)

@trezapoioiuy 3 жыл бұрын

3dMechguy any talk about that for the moment is based on nothing. Let’s let researchers make it, experiment on it and find out its properties, then talk about applications. For the moment you could say anything you want about it since we don’t know.

@redacted5052 3 жыл бұрын

I guess things at Harvard are worse than I realized. I expected more professionalism :(

@syntactyx 3 жыл бұрын

GPa = gigapascals. Please say the unit as it is, nobody says "G-P-A" when talking about gigapascals!

@2000jmartins 3 жыл бұрын

Syntactyx thank you this annoyed me too

@ralphmueller3725 2 жыл бұрын

@3:55 If i'm not mistaken the process must be repeatable to qualify?

@Blargthehandsome 3 жыл бұрын

you had mentioned they had lost the sample does this mean that it stays solid and does not disopate afterward ??

@paddor 3 жыл бұрын

Who pronounces “GPa” as “GPA”???? It’s Giga Pascal, dude.

@Xrey274 3 жыл бұрын

I can't explain just how annoying that was.

@ala3480 3 жыл бұрын

Also extremely disconcerting was his calling it “simple” instead of “sample” and “noble” instead of “Nobel”, etc. I’m not going to subscribe to this channel - far too irritating to listen to.

@TerkanTyr 3 жыл бұрын

@@Xrey274 GPA is an American term. European and other international English speakers have no reason to avoid pronouncing the abbreviation. I myself often pronounce the abbreviation instead of the full name. But feel free to be confused and angry. It's the American way, after all.

@Xrey274 3 жыл бұрын

@@TerkanTyr Idk what the American way is, nor do I care - I am just making a point of how annoying the way the pronounces the word is.

@stuart207 3 жыл бұрын

Dang I'm early lol👍

@naskot 2 жыл бұрын

Does hydrogen retain metallic form after the pressure is removed?

@SubjectZeroScience 2 жыл бұрын

yes.

@nigeldepledge3790 3 жыл бұрын

A whole new field of rocket propulsion? Maybe, but there are some incredibly hard engineering challenges associated with using metallic hydrogen as rocket fuel.

@GodKing804 3 жыл бұрын

What are some potential applications if we mass produced it?

@theodoreroberts3407 3 жыл бұрын

Prof. Chin Wu Chu is working on that, I think at the University of Texas, last I heard.

@johnnyparker9928 3 жыл бұрын

What is the reason or need for hydrogen metal? To heal or kill?

@phiro4305 2 жыл бұрын

Clicked for the DDAC in the thumbnail

@matthewgrotke1442 3 жыл бұрын

Wait sorry I did not hear whether or not it stayed metallic after pressure was released? Did I miss that part?

@Mr.Nichan 3 жыл бұрын

"In this case almost all research on metallic hydrogen is using the static method." Are you sure about that? That's an interesting claim since it seems like all the claims of metallic hydrogen before that Harvard claim came from dynamic compression. Another, unrelated, point: The transition pressure is predicted to be lower at higher temperatures, such as those found inside gas giants, similar to how gasses become plasmas at high temperatures. Of course, I'm talking mostly about "liquid" metallic hydrogen in that case.