"...clitic words..." you know, there's a filthy language joke in there somewhere, but I can't quite put my tongue on it...
@brokengothdoll62033 жыл бұрын
phew! I thought I was the only one to have a little snigger at this.
@jontyhamp013 жыл бұрын
@@brokengothdoll6203 Never have I sniggered at t'clitoris in my life.
@hannah-mariachisholm80823 жыл бұрын
Amazing
@brokengothdoll62033 жыл бұрын
@@jontyhamp01 clitoris is a good word....
@Ungstein13 жыл бұрын
Had a quick glans over your comment. You seem to have combined two sayings together: "I can't quite put my finger on it" and "It's on the tip of my tongue". Either one works, tbh.
@MarkALong643 жыл бұрын
When I was 7, my teacher mocked me because I though that the two forms of "the" were separate. They have been dead for years and I doubt that they remembered me but I feel vindicated.
@PeterPaul1753 жыл бұрын
Although Simon Roper starts every video with the disclaimer that he is not a linguist, one day I would like to see him as the JRR Tolkien professor of language at Oxford.
@watleythewizard23813 жыл бұрын
PeterPaul175 Simon would make a great hobbit
@ferkinskin3 жыл бұрын
Jimmy Carr does a great gag. His favorite Yorkshire phrase is tin tin tin, which means, it isn't in the tin!
@dominicdoherty72083 жыл бұрын
Tin tin tin 'T int int tin (I)t i(s)nt int(he) tin
@MrLeemo1763 жыл бұрын
As a northerner I can confirm that's a perfectly understandable sentence
@girv983 жыл бұрын
You know, for how well known that phrase is, I don't think I've actually heard anyone say it like that IRL. For example, I would say "i' in' in tin" or /ɪʔ ɪnʔ ɪn tɪn/. A lot of the time, I'd even drop the pronoun
@ravtastic98023 жыл бұрын
i'in'in'tin
@robinmorton91623 жыл бұрын
To me (from South Yorkshire) starting with the /t/ from the end of the 'it' would be something I'd only expect from an older person from mebbe Barnsley. Younger people (and those from bigger cities) would usually reduce 'it' to /ɪʔ/ (potentially with an extra-short vowel) or just /ʔ/.
@sadfaery3 жыл бұрын
I'm American, but I did my postgraduate studies in Manchester, and the first time I ever heard t' in place of "the" was at a talk I attended in Eyam, Derbyshire given by an older man from Sheffield. I never heard it anywhere else until I started noticing it on the occasional British TV show here and there more recently. This was a really interesting discussion and examination of its use!
@bsmith54043 жыл бұрын
What was’talk about? ‘Plague?
@sadfaery3 жыл бұрын
@@bsmith5404 Actually, no. It was about a nearby reservoir. It was intended more for regular residents of the village (where I was living at the time) rather than for tourists.
@nikkiwordsmith8 ай бұрын
It is such an unusual sound.
@tombackhouse91213 жыл бұрын
I've been rambling about this to my friends for years, southerners joke about our abbreviation of 'the' to 't' but they never seem to mention the glottal stop. I'm glad to see at least somebody else cares! I also love the fact that we voice the word 'glottal' with a glottal stop.
@katharinesherman21733 жыл бұрын
I vividly remember being about 6 and arguing with one of my classmates about whether it was pronounced "thee" or "thuh", and now I feel like a part of my life has been resolved after learning that words can have strong and weak forms.
@CL-tv7pz3 жыл бұрын
I'm sat here learning about the definite article on a Saturday night with Mr Roper. Rock and roll.
@charlisparkles3 жыл бұрын
😂 and I just shared with several friends ... party animals
@nostalgiakarlk.f.73863 жыл бұрын
*about't definite article*
@charlisparkles3 жыл бұрын
@@nostalgiakarlk.f.7386 I like your comment, despite't criminal misspelling of "definite"
@davestockbridgeAWE3 жыл бұрын
The joy I feel at seeing a new Simon Roper video is hard to put into words. I have learned more from you than I did in all of schooling. Thanks again!
@nikkiwordsmith8 ай бұрын
He's a good teacher isn't he? A natural!
@gilesfarmer59533 жыл бұрын
Well done Simon for explaining how the glottal stopped northern " 't" is pronounced in a concise and clear way. Yorkshire person here now living in Australia. My accent had smoothed out over the years and has become "cosmopolitanised", but you can still tell that I'm from oop North, and from time to time I can go a bit ethnic especially after a drink. Funnily though, when people try and take the piss out of us, instead of glottalising the T, they emphasize it instead, usually for comic effect. An example of this is the episode of The Goodies, Ecky Thump, where the characters don flat caps and ponce about as northern stereotypes smacking one another with black pudding. Silly 70s humour of course. Ironically, one of the troupe, Bill Oddie, is northern, Lancashire, so he should have known better. Again, great channel. You and Jackson are in the same league and both some of my favourites. Cheers. Giles
@frogandspanner3 жыл бұрын
The Goodies got that from their days on I'm Sorry I'll Read That Again - listen to episode 4, series 6 Trouble at T' mill. It's fascinating that after leaving the north 50 years ago I too have a definite Northern sound. Partly because I refuse to sound poncey with "Barth", partly because I wonder if it's a genetic things. My father was Dutch, and moved to UK aged 30. 64 years later he still had a strong Dutch accent (although when he spoke Dutch his sisters claimed he had a strong British accent). My baby brother was 3 when we moved from Leeds, but has a stronger Yorkshire accent than I.
@mrtactica3 жыл бұрын
Hello Giles Also a pom, and my accent I think has disappeared but my children and wife think I sound foreign! Mt T's are occasionally stopped and other speech 'defects' pop out. The strong (ie proper) U sound and certain slang terms hang about and even my grandchildren copy me to make fun of the old pom! They ask me to translate the occasional English TV show - ha ha.
@pixelfrenzy3 жыл бұрын
As for /θ/, my dad with his Lancashire accent would say things like "I'll put th'oven on" or even "Your tea's in't th'oven", although maybe the latter was a deliberate caricature. "Put t'wood in't th'ole" (put the wood in the hole) was his humorous Lancashire way of telling someone to shut the door.
@helenamcginty49202 ай бұрын
Put t'wood in th'ole was common even in my home town of Blackpool witj its mix of folk from Lancashire, Yorkshire and Scotland etc who moved thinking, (mostly wrongly) there was money to be made out of holiday makers.
@herrfister14773 жыл бұрын
Someone please tell the writers of programmes etc set in the the north - they aren’t set in t’north ( as you might write it) - they are set int north.
@thatladfromsheffield3 жыл бұрын
I used to hate it when someone would call't internet the tinternet
@mew11two3 жыл бұрын
According to WIktionary, t' comes from the neuter definite article þæt, so it actually comes from this final t rather than being a reduction of 'the'.
@robinpayne1253 жыл бұрын
An appreciable reduction of the definite article is present in other Germanic languages: in Allemanic German dialects (notably Swiss German), das is very often reduced to simply 's in a lot of normal speech, and of course the contraction "ins" for "in das" is widely used. You also meet 't in Dutch as a variant of "het". None of these, of course, carries the odd th to t transformation as in Northern English.
@loulounya3 жыл бұрын
The Swiss German example is actually what it reminded me of
@Hilde_mann3 жыл бұрын
Native Allemanic Speaker here (upper rhine/black forest area) ... You're totally correct. Somehow it didn't occur to me until I read your comment. It's exactly the same thing, except there's still a distinction between genders. So there's not only _'s_ for das, but also _de_ [də] for "der" (masculine) and _'d_ for "die". _'D_ Mama hett gsait, _'s_ Huus isch z klei fir sie un _de_ Baba. [d̥ ˈma.maː hɛt gsaɪ̯t s huːs ɪʃ ts glaɪ̯ fɪɐ siː ʊn də ˈba.ba], roughly. Mama hat gesagt, das Haus ist zu klein für sie und Papa. Mum said, the house is too small for her and dad. Notice how the definite article is used before names, contrary to standard German and English. Personally, I definitely feel like the article is attached to the preceding word rather than to the noun itself.
@SchmulKrieger3 жыл бұрын
@@Hilde_manneigentlich ist der bestimmte Artikel bei Eigennamen zulässig und entspricht dem Standard, da Eigennamen keine eigenständige Kategorie im Standarddeutschen sind. Was aber auffällt, ist der Schwund des Genitiv-s bei Eigennamen, wenn es sich nicht um possessivische Bedeutung handelt und ein Artikel gebraucht wird. Da heißt es dann „Das beste Brot des ausgehenden Europa“ oder schon früher aus dem Niederdeutschen bei der Kopie des Buches „Die Leiden des jungen Werthers“ wurde das Genitiv-s weggelassen.
@SchmulKrieger3 жыл бұрын
@@wilhelmseleorningcniht9410, yes, true. ð > d (faðir > fater/Vater). But actually it was /d/ before (ð > d > t). þ > d (þ > t > d) as in bruoþar > Bruder.
@aliceestate38993 жыл бұрын
s'Baby (neutrally) as well as s'Auto. but dr Papa (male article, high german der) dr Gamer. d'Mama (female, high german die Mama) southern german dialects still today: i gang en d'City ... ;) is so
@TheMichaelK3 жыл бұрын
I did not know this existed in English. Would be by accident, but this brings it a bit closer to how things are in many dialects of Low Saxon. Ik gå in't huus, as short for: Ik gå in dat huus. Meaning: I'm going into the house. Ik gå to't huus, as short for: Ik gå to dat huus. Meaning: I'm going to the house. In'n park givt 't planten, as short for: In den park givt dat planten. Meaning: There are plants in the park. But in Low Saxon there is clearly a t in the word dat and an n in the word den.
@SLINKEY6663 жыл бұрын
Im from Yorkshire and Reading that language in a Yorkshire accent feels like im saying it in English (well eest/South Yorkshire English anyway) wonder if it has anything to do with the amount of Daines that settled in Yorkshire
@TheMichaelK3 жыл бұрын
@@SLINKEY666 That's interesting. I'm not too much into English, dialects, but actually the language of my examples is today most often called Low Saxon or Low German, but it is indeed the modern Saxon language, and should in theory be closest to the dialects of Wessex, Sussex, and those regions. The name changed as there was a Holy Roman Emperor in the middle ages, and because he was mad at the Duke of Saxony (who was very powerful at the time) for not helping him in struggles with Italy, he decided to dissolve the Duchy of Saxony and give the title Duke of Saxony to someone living outside of Saxony. That was actually a quiet big punishment and comparable as if an English king would have totally dissolved Wales, Ireland or Scotland and taken the name from that region and given it to another region. That is why we today have a state in Germany called Saxony, that has no closer connection to the original Saxon people in the north west of Germany, and why on the other hand after a few centuries names like Low German and Low Saxon came up for the original Saxons (in contrast to Upper Saxon or just Saxon of the "new" Saxons). But all this being said: The dialect I wrote my examples in is Northern Low Saxon. And especially this dialect has undergone Danish influence when parts of Germany belonged to Denmark. For example it has lost the word "it" (which meant it just like in English) and replaced it with "dat". That makes it similar to Danish/Swedish/Norwegian, which also use "det" instead of something like "it". Maybe there was some more influence on Northern Low Saxon than just this.
@sorrysirmygunisoneba3 жыл бұрын
"Gå in" is very similar to gannin which is "going/ going in" in the North East. Really makes you wonder if the North Eastern accents are still close to original Anglo-Saxon roots.
@AwareWolf_3 жыл бұрын
My maternal grandmother was from northern England. Her English was completely unique as she had married and relocated to northern Montana. So when I hear your explanations of sounds and evolution of dialects I appreciate the lesson.
@girv983 жыл бұрын
There's a Michael MacIntyre bit on this that's always slightly annoyed me as he renders the first Narnia book as "tut lion, tut witch, tut wardrobe"; which in my accent would mean "to the lion, to the witch, to the wardrobe".
@orangew39883 жыл бұрын
This has always frustrated me! It shows so little understanding of what people are actually saying because you're right, it doesnt mean the, it comes out 'to the'.
@summertilling3 жыл бұрын
I believe this is a lazy comedy staple that goes back a long time. It's definitely annoying (and I'm a southerner).
@katelee14343 жыл бұрын
people always seem to get that wrong for some reason
@thomasrothers80213 жыл бұрын
I was literally thinking of that while watching the video lol
@ChavvyCommunist3 жыл бұрын
The weird thing is that later in that same routine, he actually does the definite article reduction correctly whilst doing a Yorkshire accent. So he was intentionally doing it wrong.
@charlisparkles3 жыл бұрын
Too niche?! I've never clicked one of your uploads so fast - also the first video of yours I've ever shared with friends to watch. Thank you 🙏 So much. You're among my favourite youtubers 👏👏
@milosit3 жыл бұрын
As a Bradfordian, I heartily applaud your breakdown. There's even further reductions in words such as "wa'n'' i"' ie: "Wasn't it?" where the "s" has vanished along with "t".
@SLINKEY6663 жыл бұрын
Wannit, gorrit, avvit, dooit. I do love the Bradford accent, not as much as I love hearing people in Northern parts of Leeds area trying to pretend they don't have a Yorkshire accent though.
@chrisnewman96933 жыл бұрын
@@SLINKEY666 ha you are right! (That’s where I grew up). Though at the time, in the sixties, having a northern accent was seen as uncouth and so my parents tried to iron it out of me. It didn’t work, though after 40 years of living in London I now catch myself saying ‘barth’ instead of bath, which I swore I could never do.
@afunnyman3 жыл бұрын
Tom Scott would be going to town with this stuff.
@iSyriux3 жыл бұрын
Ha! Right? T'first thing I imagined about after hearing this spectacular information was Tom Scott, he'd go nuts after learning all this
@ChavvyCommunist3 жыл бұрын
Especially considering he's from a place (Mansfield) that has that dialect feature.
@blazerboy2333 жыл бұрын
@@iSyriux I don't know if he doesn't know it already. He is a linguist by training.
@SchmulKrieger3 жыл бұрын
be going t'town. 😉
@rjmun5803 жыл бұрын
Thank you for yet another fascinating talk. I come from east Lancashire and we might be in t'garden but we'd go in thouse. The glottal stop has gone and a new word has arrived. Of course we didn't live in a house - we lived in a nouse at top o' thill.
@Messier45_Pleiades3 жыл бұрын
My grandma was from Bolton. She talked like this.
@373723 жыл бұрын
Very interesting, thanks for this. I'm from South Yorkshire and speak like this without even realising it, much to my friends amusement who come from elsewhere. "Am guin t'shop"
@zooblestyx3 жыл бұрын
Wrong day of the week, wrong hour of the day for this. I shall return tomorrow. Cheers
@joelandersson85043 жыл бұрын
Swede here, fåglarna (the birds) happily survived your pronunciation!
@annecasserstedt47493 жыл бұрын
Yes your pronounciation of the Swedish fågel - fågeln is perfect
@JamesOfTheYear3 жыл бұрын
Thanks for this! Just finished watching This Is England (+ the TV series) and the character named Woody uses this all the time and I was confused as I'd never heard it before.
@TheStarBlack3 жыл бұрын
Nottingham is a really interesting accent because it's not really in the North, it's in the Midlands but they have loads of Northern inflections. It's amazing to hear a fairly clear gradient of "Northerness" in accents as you travel up the country.
@acatonawall39383 жыл бұрын
@@TheStarBlack In addition, Woody is played by Joseph Gilgun, who is from the very Northern town of Chorley.
@smittoria3 жыл бұрын
This is very similar to Frisian. In Frisian, the neuter definite article " it " gets reduced to " 't " after prepositions. An example: yn 't noarden (in the north).
@pixelfrenzy3 жыл бұрын
Is it the same in Flemish? Loads of Flemish migrants moved to the North-West of England to become weavers before the industrial revolution. Lancashire dialect also includes Flemish words like "oud" for "old" etc.
@smittoria3 жыл бұрын
@@pixelfrenzy I don't know enough about Flemish to answer that, unfortunately!
@goombacraft2 жыл бұрын
@@pixelfrenzy I don't think Lancastrian dialects contain "oud" because it's retained from Flemish/Dutch. That seems unlikely given that Frisian retains "âlt" and German "alt", all from Proto-G "*aldaz". What seems more likely is vocalisation of L in both languages (like how a Cockney speaker might pronounce "old"), as this is fairly common cross-linguistically (compare Polish, Serbian, Brazilian Portuguese). Hope this helps!
@DanH343 жыл бұрын
Speculation: In North-Eastern dialects, in which the definite article is usually reduced to "th'"; when speaking quickly, the phoneme often seems to be realised as a dental-alveolar 'd' with a brief dental fricative preceding it. The tongue noticeably slides upwards and slightly forwards while the sound is pronounced. This is only apparent when paying careful attention to speech, and takes some spotting - it may be that the dialect has "d'" and "dh" as allophones in some situations. Perhaps something like this was intermediate to t'current situation. Note that we do not think of ourselves as using "t'", it being especially associated with Yorkshire and generally considered humorous. "The" is always spelled out fully, even in informal dialectal writing.
@glynnsmith45603 жыл бұрын
I made a visit to a nursing home in Cumbria to test an item of patient lifting equipment. I asked the carer if I she had the sling for the hoist and she told me "it's on (t)back of(t) doer (door)" which sounded exactly like the dialect from east Rotherham in South Yorks where I was born. When I explained this to her she told me she was Whitehaven born and bred and had a Whitehaven accent. The (t) was the full glottal stop where you do everything but pronounce the 't' sound. The accent varies every few miles in S. Yorks so a canny taxi driver could get you to within half a mile of home if you had memory loss. He would take the young lady to East Rotherham.
@louisebentley48863 жыл бұрын
I was born and raised in Brisbane by immigrants from Leeds. When I was 5 I recall telling my mum that no-one at school would talk to me and it wasn't until we were in a taxi and I said, "Mam, wind't winda up." and the driver commented that you could tell I was from England that my mum realised I had an accent broader than the Dales XD
@silverandcoldone3 жыл бұрын
Simon Roper in a hoodie? Wait, that's illegal :'/
@DaveHuxtableLanguages3 жыл бұрын
Germinate consonants are 'allowed' in English and are very common. They only occur across word boundaries and are not phonemic. Think of the difference between "This handle" (in an -dropping accent) and "this sandal". In connected speech we'd get [ðɪsændl̩] vs. [ðɪs:ændl̩]. I think there's a 3-way distinction in operation with "At't pub": 'a pub' [əˈpʰʊb], 'at pubs' [əˈp:ʰʊbz] and 'at the pub' [əˈp::ʰʊb] As for your mate saying "In the park", I'd suggest that [ ɪnʔpʰɑːk] isn't the correct analysis, since the /n/ in 'in' clearly assimilates to the following /p/. I would propose [ɪmˤp:ʰɑːk] instead.
@GenyoSevdaliya3 жыл бұрын
Thank you so much for an interesting material, Simon. I've watched the whole video with a great interest and attention.
@marzcorp3 жыл бұрын
interesting what you say about "them" also being condensed to "t'em", as I often hear it said like that after a word ending with "t": e.g. "get them" would become "get t'em" (sounds like gettum). I actually go the step further and replace the whole sound with a glottal stop (ge-um).
@jamiel60053 жыл бұрын
I hear this even in south England and also in South Wales, I’ve never heard gettum, but definitely ge’um.
@girv983 жыл бұрын
This could actually be a different phenomenon. In many accents, the 'th'-sound /ð/ tends to assimilate into the preceding consonant. So: _in the_ becomes _in ne_ (/n‿ð/ > [n̪n̪]) _till they_ becomes _till ley_ /l‿ð/ → [l̪l̪] etc.
@SkepticalChimp3 жыл бұрын
I live in South Wales and around my area we usually use an r so it would be "gerrum" instead of gettum.
@SchmulKrieger3 жыл бұрын
@@NicholasLong1189, /t/ is easier to pronounce after d, t, th, h ...
@GandalfTheGay983 жыл бұрын
Spacco Slack Daxon same in Nottingham
@StorminNormanTheMormon3 жыл бұрын
The gluttal stop you describe is very prevalent in the Southwest/ Mountain West USA (Arizona, Utah, Idaho), but in an odd way. The word "Mountain" for example becomes "Mao--n". It affects nearly all strong T sounds and is more common in rural areas.
@patriciaadams30103 жыл бұрын
The notion of a single glottal stop being understood as placer for a definite article in any dialect of my own language is a little mind-blowing. For some reason, I just don't think of English as being a language that ever has those sorts of subtleties within it.
@ulrikschackmeyer8483 жыл бұрын
Well think again, sis!
@alanwindypics3 жыл бұрын
It's not always just 'The' that gets abbreviated, but also 'To the' e.g. "I'm goin t'pub!, or "I'm goin t'shop!". Many southern actors portraying northerners frequently overemphasise the 'T' which should always be soft and flow into the word and not hard and separate, always a giveaway. My favourite northern expression has always been "Shintin" (She isn't in!") :-)
@nomadicmonkey31863 жыл бұрын
TIL why I find Northern dialects lovely. I love glottal stops since IMO they are like unsung heroes (not so far as schwa, but still) doing lots of heavy lifting in speech in a lot of languages, helping them flow naturally by reducing bulky consonants.
@kimjones6003 жыл бұрын
okay, I'll bite: You often make the disclaimer that you're not a trained linguist, but rather your study is archaeology. The very necessity of the disclaimer highlights your awareness that a youtuber like yourself is likely to be regarded as an expert in your topic of choice. So, as you're aware you could be presumed to have expertise unless you disavow it, (1) why aren't you using the platform to talk about topics in archaeology (no disclaimer needed), and (2) how does it come to be that you're so compelled to publish, and in such detail, on a topic you have to disclaim expertise in? Not that I'm complaining, mind you. I love them both. Follow-up: how do these parallel interests inform each other, for you? Edit: P.S. Thank you for finally explaining (to a yank) this phenomenon that I've seen so much of in 19th c. English lit without ever having heard it.
@ashcatlt3 жыл бұрын
Ash Blackwater This sort of things happen in southern us dialects too, but “t” is very often used in place of either “at” or “to”, and it’s sometimes tough to tell which was meant. If one says “t’home”, you kind of have to look at the context to tell if the subject actually is home or not or maybe they’re talking about “the” structure itself.
@linguisticalmom68153 жыл бұрын
My grandmother (1882-1977), who immigrated in infancy from an Appalachian county in Georgia to rural southeast Texas, routinely said the phrase "one or t'other" instead of "one or the other."
@a40a403 жыл бұрын
Maybe your Great grand parents came from Lancashire?
@linguisticalmom68153 жыл бұрын
@@a40a40 My great grandparents were also from the general area of Georgia, Tennessee, and the Carolinas, but a lot people immigrated to those areas from northern England, Scotland, and Ireland. The dialect (and some of the folk music) imported in the 18th and 19th centuries is supposed to have influence the Appalachian--and general southern--dialects still spoken somewhat today, and especially by my grandmother's generation.
@sterlingkuhlmann62703 жыл бұрын
Very interesting. Always enjoy your videos
@mikecarlton40513 жыл бұрын
Hey great video analysis. I live and have grown up in East Lancashire and there seems to be a shift in this every 5 miles or so a lot of people will say 't' whereas some (like myself) use the glottal stop. Which I've had to 'unlearn' for learning German. I found my way to your channel from the 'Old English' Challenge. Best of luck with Uni
@LimeyRedneck10 ай бұрын
Fascinating! 🤠💜
@patmanchester80453 жыл бұрын
And people say modern English is hard to learn! I don't care if you are a linguist or not. I find your vlog to be one of the best I watch.
@jonntischnabel3 жыл бұрын
When I was in Belgium (Ghent) there was a flyer in the hotel lobby called "jazz in't park), and my friend Chris who lived in Amsterdam for many years said that the Dutch had no problem understanding our northern (dark peak District) dialect.
@staceycope73643 жыл бұрын
Loving this channel.. got down a rabbit hole and can't stop watching. Making my way through the videos.. must say I work in a supermarket never studied anything like this but I am finding it so interesting im addicted and I am loving Simon you keep me hooked.. also love this video i'm from bolton and say in park like the guy!! Keep them coming before I run out of videos to watch..🥰😀
@phwbooth3 жыл бұрын
Most interesting, Simon. Thanks.
@SchmulKrieger3 жыл бұрын
It is the same what happened in German over times ð > t (faðir/faeðer > fater > Vater) but bruoþar > Bruder (þ > d).
@adamsurge57613 жыл бұрын
There aren't that many languages in the world with labiodental fricatives and actually getting reduced to alveolar stops is not unheard of although commonly they can be reduced to fricatives. There are American dialects which reduce /ð/ to /d/ (and an alveolar /d/ at that), could t' have passed through an initial voiced stage and was later devoiced? I.e. ð->d->t. While it is true it might be expected to be more systematic it's possible that the presence of unreduced vowels in other words blocked some of this effect. Sound shifts like this also sometimes curiously apply to only one word or a handful of words. Here's a fun related shift. In Classical Arabic the word for mouth is فم /fam/. In Levantine Arabic the word is pronounced تمّ /təmm/. I'll leave the gemination of the /m/ for now, but the f->t shift occured through an attested θ found in some Arabian dialects. fθ is also a common variation even found in some varieties of UK English. (I should note that Arabic /t/ت is an aspirated alveolar plosive like English /t/, and not dental like Romance languages).
@maggiebrinkley47603 жыл бұрын
This is so interesting! My hubby is from Preston (b.1954) and he recognised how people where he grew up said 'th' for 'the' and said it was a distinct sound, not at all like what he heard in London when he went to Uni in '72.
@Ulysses_S_Grant_18 Жыл бұрын
I'm From.west Yorkshire and I'd always say t' is "to the" I'm going to the shops = I'm go t' shops The would just be a catch in my throat like a glottal stop
@chrissammis35213 жыл бұрын
Hey Simon! If you do end up making a Q&A of sorts, I would love to hear more about your studies in your field of archaeology. I don’t recall you talking much about it in your videos before. I think that’d be very interesting. I would love to see a Simon Roper reboot of Time Team...
@nikkiwordsmith8 ай бұрын
Yes me too. I am a lapsed archaeologist :-)
@jeffreyjoshuarollin95543 жыл бұрын
Another great video Simon. Reduction of an article after a preposition is by no means unprecedented: French has “au(x)” (same pronunciation for both in isolation) for “*à le(s),” Spanish has “al” for “*a el” (both meaning “to the,” with the masculine singular - though “aux” is plural, both genders,”) and Italian has an entire series, like al, agli, alla, alle, nel, nella - forms of “a(d)” “to” and “in” “in(to)” with various forms of the definite article accounting for masculine singular, feminine plural, etc. It also has/had a whole series which fell/are falling into disuse like “col” (con il), “with the,” “pel” (per il) “for the,” etc.
@nina2410853 жыл бұрын
My favourite northern terms are owt, nowt and summat. Anything, nothing and something, respectively.
@harbourdogNL3 жыл бұрын
0:50 The bane of my existence, is that here in North America, initially just in the US but because of that great leveller of culture, American TV programming, now also here in Canada, the 'e' is now invariably given the short pronunciation even when the following word begins with a vowel. It grates on my ears and I cannot fathom why people who pronounce it that way do not realise how awkward and clumsy it sounds. Drives me nuts!!
@malloryanderson90983 жыл бұрын
Almost never used but I have occasionally heard t’aint and t’isnt from older people. Always saw it as normal if unusual. Fun to hear.
@theidioticbgilson14662 жыл бұрын
this is one t' greatest videos
@ravtastic98023 жыл бұрын
it's ...definitely... attatched to the previous word. that word will also often be reduced and have the last consonant swallowed ie: of the = o't. for the = fo't. with the = wi't. around the = aroun'. although i only do this or heard this from those who also glottalise the t exclusively. i guess pronunciation of t rather than glotallisation is quite old fashioned. personally, i would use ð at the start of a sentence that also starts with a vowel. "th'arras" = the arrows. but "the darts" would always just have a the. oddly though, if there is some vacuous noise being made prior to answer say then a glottal article will get attatched so "uuuuh't darts" if saying "the cat sat on the mat" then i have no issue glottalising the start and essentially starting with "uuh't cat" but from silence that just is so wrong i cant bring myself to do it; so it would be THE ca'sa'on'ma'; rather than uuh'ca'sa'on'ma'.
@varana3 жыл бұрын
I was a bit surprised that you were surprised by the θ > t shift. I'm not sure how they're realised in contemporary English (or your dialect specifically), but they're usually both dentals, one fricative and one not. Both t > θ and θ > d/t are main features of the various Germanic consonantal shifts (faθer - Vater, moθer > Mutter), and are quite common in several variations of English, as far as I can tell.
@simonroper92183 жыл бұрын
It wasn't that I was surprised by the shift - as you say, shifts from interdental fricatives to alveolar/dental plosives are common. It was just the fact that this change didn't seem to have occurred in an environmentally conditioned way (without looking at older literature), and it's unlikely to have been a contraction (because /ð/ does not contain /t/).
@FeeBerry3 жыл бұрын
I have never been particularly interested in linguistics or old languages until i encountered your videos, and i enjoy them very much, and it has sparked an interest in what you have to say. I see the disclaimer at the beginning of every video that you are not a linguist and are just a passionate amateur and archaeology student...but I must admit that the more i watch of these videos the more i answer your disclaimer with...*why not?* Why AREN'T you following the passion which leads you to spend your free time producing videos on this subject for us...? You seem to have a talent for explaining these things and making them understandable, and have a considerable number of fans on KZfaq. I'm not saying you should be guided by our wish for you to continue to do that... but if you're willing to spend time doing them for free, it seems that it is something you were meant to do.
@HPB1776 Жыл бұрын
I'm not quite sure how I came across this video ( randomly popped up as I was looking up something about definitive articles in Spanish 🤣) I love it, especially as a Mancunian with family all from Lancashire going back to the 1700s. We all speak like this. V interesting. Explains places such as Halli'th'wood in Bolton too.
@fenham3 жыл бұрын
Found this interesting, well more interesting than normal. I was born in Newcastle in the mid 50s and regard myself as a Geordie. Had a Newcastle accent when I left England in '83. Having lived in the area around Canberra since then my accent now is a mish-mash. My dad was born in Newcastle but my mum was born in Barrow-in-Furness in the mid 1920s. I remember when I was a kid (late 50s) her Cumbrian accent was still strong. Of course like mine, hers faded over the years she lived east of the Pennines. One phrase she used frequently was "Put wood int 'ole" meaning "close the door". It's the only non-Newcastle dialect phrase I can clearly remember her using. On the occasional visits we made to Barrow all my Cumbrian relatives were mostly unintelligible while I was a kid 😆 Thanks Simon
@Joakim74713 жыл бұрын
Simons pronunciation of ’fågel’ and ’fågeln’ is actually spot on. 😉👍🏻
@user-zj8jn3hs6f3 жыл бұрын
I like northern English, because that definite article really sounds like Dutch "het“ or Low German "et“. Contractions like in‘t also occur here, so hearing northern English just feels very homey :)
@DieFlabbergast3 жыл бұрын
I know what you mean. I have the same experience in the opposite direction. Learning Dutch seems almost like learning an obscure dialect of English: most things just FEEL right.
@SchmulKrieger3 жыл бұрын
Is het a definite article? I thought it were a pronoun.
@lnkvt3 жыл бұрын
@@SchmulKrieger It is both: it means 'it' if used by itself, or 'the' before words of neuter gender. "Het huis, het is rood". "The house, it is red".
@SchmulKrieger3 жыл бұрын
@@lnkvt I thought it were ‘det‘ when article. 🤔
@user-zj8jn3hs6f3 жыл бұрын
Schmul Krieger no, the definite articles in dutch are "het" (neuter) and "de" (masc. and fem.). In most variants of low German, the neuter definite article is actually "dat" or "det" rather than "et". "Dat" is also a demonstrative pronoun in Dutch :)
@williamcooke56273 жыл бұрын
One reson why t'em has not survived is surely the availability of the alernative unemphatic form 'em < OE heom.
@rachelk67333 жыл бұрын
This was so interesting, I don't think I've seen a video like this before that actually gets it right, but this hit nail on't head, so to speak! I love hearing about aspects of my own accent in linguistics terms :)
@SteveW1393 жыл бұрын
As an Oldhamer I’d say that it hits t’nail on th’ead.
@blackletter25913 жыл бұрын
In Australia, Police and Trade Union Officials when addressing the public will almost universally use the strong form of "the" and "a" in all circumstances ie, regardless of whether they can feel a vowel coming on or not. It goes with a flat, no-nonsense delivery from prepared notes.
@broketheceling3 жыл бұрын
This is a topic I am very interested in! Thanks for another great video! For the Q&A: What words, if any, have changed the least (or most) from Old English to modern English? Also what would modern sports sound like with commentary in Old English?
@deadgavin42183 жыл бұрын
t is at the tongue resting postion as in tch , t is a very easy stutter sound if it further reduces to a glottal stop i presume it would reduce by partial or interupted articulation. t is also exceptably close to th to pass
@elainafaust37173 жыл бұрын
fantastic. thank you
@bod89el3 жыл бұрын
Veoma poučno. Nastavi u istom pravcu.
@richardmiller78873 жыл бұрын
"At't top of`t ill" = South Yorkshire "At the top of the hill". Saves 6 letters!
@FredFredFive3 жыл бұрын
I adore your videos they are incredibly, insightful and fascinating! I really hope you go a PHD and your lectures are recorded!
@ChristopherJRobin3 жыл бұрын
6:20 - When you hear Harry Enfield do an impression of a Northerner, it's clear he doesn't understand this. I've heard other people not from the North, making this error and as you said, it's probably difficult to hear to a non-native.
@flannerypedley8403 жыл бұрын
great session. thanks
@TheStarBlack3 жыл бұрын
This may just be my local experience in my little section of the North but I feel like 't' is rarely or never used at the start of a sentence. We would say "I've been to t'pub" or more accurately "I've been tut pub" but it doesn't feel natural to me saying "T'pub down the road" or "T'pub down t'road". I've lived in Yorkshire all my life and that just doesn't sound right to me. We'd normally say the full 'The' if it's the first word of the sentence. We also have local evidence of an odd older 'th' version in a pub called 'Cat I'th Well' presumably 'Cat In The Well'. Why is it always about pubs with us?!
@robhulluk3 жыл бұрын
I'm from West Yorkshire but I've never spoken with the local dialect. But I think when "The" is the first word of the sentence, it's just omitted completely.
@TheStarBlack3 жыл бұрын
@@robhulluk yeah it definitely can be omitted, may be not always though
@girv983 жыл бұрын
I omit it in positions where I can't realistically pronounce it. Though if having the article in these cases is necessary, I'll often just resort to Standard English 'the' or really /də/ So I'd say *_"pub down' road"_* usually, but if I wanted to be specific I'd say *_"d'pub down' road"_*
@th82573 жыл бұрын
In the North East for example, 't is never used at all. It's always the standard "the"
@SLINKEY6663 жыл бұрын
There is a pub near me called "The new pot oil" and for years I thought it was referring to a new pot hole. It was only after a refit I saw a picture above the name and it was an oil pot.
@TehOak3 жыл бұрын
Wholesome stuff.
@otsoko663 жыл бұрын
In regard to literacisms - pronouncing words the way they are spelt rather than traditional pronunciations - It does happen. The most common in North America is "often" where the 't' was never pronounced (it was there to show a relation to the word 'oft') until the late 20th century, when people began hypercorrecting their pronunciation from the correct /au-fen/ to /auf-ten/, pronouncing the 't' because it was in the spelling. [other examples in weird English spelling are 'debt' from the Middle French 'dette' where the b was added to show the writer knew it was from the Latin 'debit', or the 's' in island, added to show a (false) connection to the Middle French 'Isle'.]
@karlpoppins3 жыл бұрын
7:20 Actually, consonant gemination _is_ a thing in English, but only between words or in composite words. The phrase "ten nails" is pronounced /tɪn:eɪlz/, not /tɪn neɪlz/ or /tɪneɪlz/, which would instead be how you'd say "ten ales".
@pesnevim16263 жыл бұрын
A friend of mine knew Pete Shelley of Buzzcocks very well and he said there is no 'The' because Pete was from Leigh and they don't tend to use the definite article.
@phwbooth3 жыл бұрын
Besses o' th' Barn (a station on the Manchester Metro)
@homoerectus81483 жыл бұрын
I live in a part of Salford called Irlams o'th height.
@davidemmett81912 жыл бұрын
Simon, I have watched many of your videos (particulary on northern dialects, old English and old Norse) and they are fascinating. I wanted to ask about a comment in this video. You said you can still hear 'th' for 'the' in some parts of Lancashire, which is perfectly true. However, the example you gave was 'th'garden'. I have only ever heard (or used) the reduction 'th' where the following word starts with a vowel or an H (which is silent in Lancashire): th'orse. th'ouse, th'animal, th'een (the eyes), th'ullets (the owls). I know you went to uni in Preston, did you hear 'th' over there with nouns starting with a consonant too? (I'm from the very east right on the borders of Yorkshire, so our dialect is more akin to Yorkshire than Lancashire.
@TechWeb68 Жыл бұрын
In Wigan I have never heard "th''garden' or anything of the like. Moreover we'd say "I saw it on th'internet" and not "on t'internet". And I can't imagine people on Bolton, including Peter Kay, would actually say "t'internet" . They would say "th' internet". But I live abroad and I can't check my theory.
@isaac.g74213 жыл бұрын
I love your videos. Id be really interested to see what you make of the accents in the northeast of england (Geordie being the largest but obviously not the only one), the danelaw and the great vowel shift had some pretty unique effects on the phonology up here (I mean just think of how a Geordie would say "Rollercoaster" - "Roolahcoostah").
@The_J4853 жыл бұрын
Have you ever noticed that, in the north but also across the country, we often say "go pub" and similar phrases, rather than "go to the pub"? I'm a midlander but I learnt it from my uni mates at Coventry.
@roywalker15983 жыл бұрын
I'm from Salford and "I'm going t'pub" is still commonly heard. Also, Irlams o'th' Height is a district of Salford, Besses o'th' Barn is in Bury and Bolton has Back o'th' Bank, Top o'th' Brow, Hall i'th' Wood and Bottom o'th' Moor. In all of those except the first, the 'th' is pronounced just as 't'.
@a40a403 жыл бұрын
I’m from Bury but I’d actually say “AM goin t’ pub”, not “ I’m goin t’ pub. Funny thing is AV only just realised that I don’t say “I’ve”!!!
@TheJohnblyth3 жыл бұрын
How about a contraction of a now-forgotten structure such as “in it, the house” as a possible candidate for the ancestor of this phenomenon? Especially for people adapting to a prestige language or dialect from elsewhere, specifically here from two different varieties of Celtic, various varieties of Scandinavian, and indeed possible collisions of different varieties of Middle English. Gaelic (either Scottish or Irish) still has all sorts of constructions like that.
@laamonftiboren42362 жыл бұрын
Good idea. Or possibly “in *that* house” i.e. perhaps “that” replaced “the”?
@goombacraft2 жыл бұрын
@@laamonftiboren4236 You've the right idea, another theory regarding how "'t" came about was through the reduction of OE article "þæt" (pronounced "that"), by only retaining the final "t".
@ReallyTwistedHumor3 жыл бұрын
I'm a Yorkshire lad and I'm sending this to every American I have to deal with.
@alanbrookes87163 жыл бұрын
In Dutch the definite article is "de" or "het". "Het" is often abbreviated to "'t". Given how close Dutch and English have always been, there may be a connection.
@AdrianoCampello3 жыл бұрын
Go for it, Simon Roper!
@acchaladka3 жыл бұрын
Thanks for that, another interesting topic. I happen to know a number of dramaturges and literature types studying Sir David Lindsay's A Satire of the Three Estates (circa 1558), and wonder how far north these prononciation effects extend. Could you comment- maybe in Q&A - on the border lands and determining where or when Scots starts, its transition from middle Scottish to the modern type, or other issues you find interesting about the area and influences of one on the other?
@mathieudehouck96573 жыл бұрын
Dear Sir, I really like your videos, I have to say. I was just surprise to hear you emphasise how different ð and t are. But, truly they're not so different, I mean, they are both dentals. Maybe the more alveolar and aspirated way of saying t in modern English obfuscate it more but they are quite similar in the end. Then I guess you are aware of it but again ð to d/t is not unheard of, either. A lot of English based creols have a d in place of ð. Thanks a lot
@dazpatreg3 жыл бұрын
The problem with clitic words is that they're very difficult to locate
@ulrikschackmeyer8483 жыл бұрын
It's rather obvious, isn't. I mean they are defined by having no pressure of their own🤣😂😂
@sameash31533 жыл бұрын
lol
@cplusplusdude81893 жыл бұрын
There's one on the tip of my tongue.
@ashildrdorchadon32583 жыл бұрын
Oooh. I agree with all of this, great video. Have you ever noticed the tendency of northern consonants to turn into an R in the middle of words? I'm from Yorkshire and I've noticed many sounds do this intervocalically in a lot of the accents and dialects of people from across the north. Like in the word "northern" there's a tendency to turn it into "noren" or even "norn". And if I say "with him/her/them/it", it generally comes out as "wirim/wirer/wirem/wi'~wir ". The F in "of" also gets this, strangely. Sometimes "water" will turn into "warer", even for those who normally turn t into a glottal stop intervocalically. A couple of times I've even heard "car it?" instead of "can it?" and "is it?" > "irit?" seems to be quite common in some places like the towns around bradford and leeds. Also sometimes "Aye" in quick speech will turn into "ar", like a pirate! That's just a funny one to me.
@goombacraft2 жыл бұрын
This probably has to do with the consonants getting elided (omitted) in quick speech. However, English phonotactics doesn't really allow two vowels next to each other - think about the word "drawing", if you split it up into "draw-ing", it sounds stilted. Inserting the rhotic sound ie. "drawring" makes the sound flow. I reckon the same thing is happening with gerrit, purrit, etc.
@marcdefaoite3 жыл бұрын
the to 't. Lots of places don't pronounce th the way it is pronounced in England. In Ireland th often changes to a hard consonant t or d. For example that becomes dat (dis, dat, doze, dem, deze) or thanks becomes tanks. So if the th isn't pronounced th in the first place it makes it easier to explain the shift to 't
@ibbobo51623 жыл бұрын
how do you explain people in North Manchester - where I was brought up saying "I had to take a little bottle to the hospital" as "I had ta tek a lickle bockle to the hospickle". But my mam was from Yorkshire so we weren't allowed to say that or we'd av got a right crack...
@ibbobo51623 жыл бұрын
@Bighill 'obbit ha yes exactly!
@martynnotman34673 жыл бұрын
I do remember my grandads cronies talking in this was but it has died out in places. Also the hairdressers are open you can come down from the fells..
@holofernez3 жыл бұрын
A question for ur QA video is when r u graduating uni ? And what propels you to grow the luscious sideburns that grace ur face ?
@faelan19503 жыл бұрын
Interesting video! Here in Ireland, it's quite normal for /θ/ and /ð/ to be realised as [t] and [d] respectfully. So "think" is pronounced as though it were spelt "tink", and that is said like "dat". In some cases, this can lead to the t becoming a glottal stop, such as in the word "with". "With" can be pronounced /wɪt/ or /wɪʔ/ depending on context. I myself have a similar change, I'd pronounce "that" like /d̪æt/, for example
@marcasdebarun68792 жыл бұрын
Reminds me of the word "moth/mot", which I can never quite figure out if it's meant to be spelt with a t or a th, precisely because it usually just gets subsumed into a glottal stop
@lamudri Жыл бұрын
There's a similar systemic sound change in Sheffield, hence the demonym “Dee Dah”, but in this case it has nothing to do with unstressed “the”.
@owoodward723 жыл бұрын
Hi Simon. A few questions for your Q&A if you don’t mind. What would be a good introductory book for linguistics as a whole and English dialects specifically? What would be a good introductory book for Anglo-Saxon culture? Finally what would be a good way for someone to start learning Old English if they don’t have the benefit of taking a course at a local university? Thanks in advance for answering any or all of these.