For a second I thought Armin was a Jordan but super sized 😂Both are buff looking dudes

I don't understand how you can call this system "triple redundant". It is NOT triple redundand at all. It's not even close to dual redundant. In my experience in the aerospace and aviation industries, this is not even remotely redundant.There's multiple single point failure modes. First is steering sensor and feedback motor at the bottom of the steering column, then the rear steeing drive motor, and unleess there's full redundant circuitry in the control unit, it is also a single point failure component, especially if the redundant circuits share a common enclosure and electrical connector. As far as high a reliability design for such a critical function, this is a haphazard and dangerous approach. Even the wiring cable you displayed as "redundant" is a poor design. Having boith cables bundled together, and both cables terminated in a common connector fully defeats the propose of redundant conductors. The only part of this system that should have "triple" associated with it is the sensors on the steering rack that tell the controller when one of the front steering motors craps out. The list of single point failure items in this system is frightening. There is only one reason for the 48v bus and the ethernet data speeds; this grossly complicated "drive-by-wire" system. 48v is required for the peak impulse power demands of operating 3 steering actuators, and the high speed data is necessary to reduce latency between the steering wheel and the steering rack actuators. Other than that, it's just overkill that complicates supply chain problems for automotive electrical system suppliers.

As much as I like Tesla and the Cybertruck- I have to point out that the 2 ribbon cables which provide steering input commands to the rack and pinion motors does not qualify as redundant, much less "double redundant" Both ribbon cables share a single connector which means the connector becomes a single point of failure that impacts both systems. This concerns me as it would not qualify in an industrial application as "redundant" much less when applied to a "people mover" application.

Glad to see other Munro team members showing their expertise in these tear downs.

I can honestly say I didn't think this was going to happen but I'm taking delivery of my cyber truck before Sandy finishes the teardown.

lock-to-lock is closer to 340 degrees. From centered to max turn is about 160-170 degrees.

Wait, so the redundancy on the cabling is done with cables that are TOUCHING each other? So if some physical damage occurred to one wire will very likely affect the other wire set that is TOUCHING it? Crazy.

Jordan had a growth spurt! Haha. Great video guys!

3 cheers to Sandy and his crew for yet another so nice explanation.

Thank you for bringing that to us. Surrealism defined.

Very nice that the logo of ZF (Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen) from Germany is on the case. This confirms, once again, how self-confident ZF is, that they are able to enforce their logo there at Tesla. This also shows that Tesla simply uses the innovations of Tier 1 suppliers for many components.

Monroe team member is chomping at the bit to say more. Sandy is looking as fantastic as ever, but these young bucks are eager. Bless you both. This isn't an easy transition....car included.

One of my favorite things to do in my Cybertruck is u-turns. Especially when I have someone with me who drives trucks.

Great video, very educational. It's all about the tech! Thanks guys.

I just LOVE this truck. (Why do they have to look like all the others!) I just want one, period!

In 1988 a friend bought a Honda Prelude with 4 wheel steering. Not steer-by-wire, but that thing was fun to drive. Thanks for the descriptions and views of the beast's steering.

It’s more ZF steer by wire, than Tesla. They build these systems for years. Don’t understand the hype. The problem is not steer by wire, which is old technology, but need for a backup steering system outside the US.

Also, Armin has been working out, holy smokes!!!

Just awesome presentation. Keep it up Sandy. We're counting on you!!!

Great job!! I love watching these tear downs.. I do tool design 4 slide machines so they are very interesting!! Keep them rolling!! Thx 🇺🇸✌️

excellent in depth overview. thanks

Impressive tech - thanks for the tour guys. Couple thoughts come to mind on truly redundant systems - I would want those ribbons routed differently through the vehicle structure vs side by side, and I certainly wouldn’t want them terminating in a common connector. It would be interesting to know if that conversation happened during the design phase - especially on the common terminal and if someone pulled up data to say the chance of failure at that point was so small it wasn’t remotely worth designing two different interface points.

Really enjoying these CyberTruck tear downs. Nice

More essential info , any driver should be interested in ! Good work Sandy , I live for this .

It looks like center to lock is a bit less than 180 degrees. Therefore lock to lock is about 330-340 degrees, not “less than 180”

Armin is what Jordan Arocha would look like if you put him in the Captain America machine!

Great show/ report - Thanks

Thanks! Difficult topic, feel like I'm starting to get it, much appreciated

Airplanes have redundancy on all crucial systems, but Cybertruck doesn't have redundancy on power for example. So if power fails, you will lose steering. There's a reason why other brands still have mechanical backup on drive by wire systems. Also the amount of electronic overhead on this system leads me to believe it's not as cheap or as light as its mechanical counterpart. As far as boats, we've seen what happens when they lose power, they collide into bridges because they lose steering, for example.

In control engineering, the arrangement is called 2oo3 ( 2 out of 3majority voting ) system....not triple redunandant. Triplr Redundant to a SINGLE control unit is adequate to guarantee an acceptable level of safety such that any fault will automaticallly force the car to go into a safe state to protect the car and its occupants from an accident.

Planes have fly by wire systems, they also have legally mandated service schedules, detailed log books, controlled operating conditions and highly trained pilots who are legally obliged to report any deviations from the flight envelope. Redundancy is only useful if the failure of the primary systems are apparent to the operator, if one cable fails the system degrades. Putting two cables in parallel doesn’t suffice and can make things worse, if one cable gets mangled and shorts it may disrupt the second.

The gearbox shown at 8:18 is clearly a worm gear driving a wheel which is on the pinion shaft. There might be planetary reduction as well, I suppose.

Grats @TeslRebuilders, happy that you’re getting something you’re so excited about. People hating on Tesla cause it’s en vogue while ignoring the content of the videos they post on really need to re-evaluate their priorities in life. Constructive criticism is one thing but being an ass just for the sake of it or trying to make people feel bad for what they choose to do with their money is such a waste of energy, go focus it on something constructive.

Isnt it better to make the cable separate? What if something happens that the cable is damaged. If they are so close together they can be both damaged

Great video. Thanks.

That little lift is pretty neat seeing the safety latch automatically engage when it isn't moving.

Does anyone else want to see Armin and Jordan standing next to each other, or is that just me?

Thanks for video!

I would say the steering system has redundancy with parity check vs it being triple redundant.

Hey Sandy their is a little Easter egg for you when you open up the steering feed back actuator and look at the PCB.

About Sandy's last ppoint/ sentence, El on just reminded us in the Earnings Report, "Tesla is a Technology Co."🤔..😆

Thank You ...once more!

Great series!! 👏👏😍😍

Sandy was right; the next software update will increase the steering angle of the rear wheels. Yes, ZF is developing the Steer by Wire system for the CT together with Tesla. Tesla works with many hidden champions in Germany, but of course, you know which Tier 1 and Tier 2 suppliers Tesla has.

Any OEM that isn't paying Munro for their teardown analysis will be the first to go bust. BZ to SM and his team for educating the masses. Well done folks from all of us in Canada. I cant wait to take delivery of mine. Cheers

That’s such an amazing technology

Sandy and Armin Rock!

Looks like the Car Wizard is moonlighting at Munro and disassembling the Cybertruck!

Confused by REDUNDANCY terminology. Also had same issue with the Boeing computers description I have seen elsewhere. For instance you showed what seemed to be a twin cabled lead and called it double redundant. Is this a difference between American English/Math and English English/Maths? In English English a double cable would simply be called a (single) redundancy. A double redundancy (two redundancies) would be three cables. Likewise "triple redundant" system would be four systems. Or did I not see/hear all the redundants being described?

Can you guys measure any response delay? Probably just the flex of the rubber, but the sound of the sand under the tyres definitely is delayed a little.

Another ZF symbol under the encoder casting at 9:01

My 1994 Stealth RT/TT has active all wheel steering and it's 30 years old. Porsche 928, BMW 850, and even some Honda Preludes all had it in the 90s.

I saw a Cybertruck at their King of Prussia mall showroom. Loved it. Finally had one pass me on the road in my Model 3. Was that you Mr. Kelce? Damn it is huge. I felt like I was driving underground .

So the Tie Breaker sensor would be polled and if it was significantly out of synch you would get an error code to have the car serviced soon, but if one of the main actuator position sensors failed, then I wonder if it would disable that actuator and then rely on the 2 remaining position sensors in a limp mode to get the car to a service. Or perhaps the 2 good sensors could operate both actuators and operate more normally with the error code. Triple redundancy is pretty cool.

At first I thought they shrunk Sandy

Armin can do this All Day 🛡️⭐😅

That etherloop wire+connector looks interesting. First of all, the cable is not twisted pair like we're used to seeing with Ethernet.That seems important, since twisted pair and differential signalling is the way ethernet builds resistance to interference. I would love to know how this system was made resistant to interference, or if Tesla perhaps found that twisted pairs are not needed and differential signalling works just fine over this flatcable design. It would be helpful to know how this cable is routed in the actual car. Second of all, I would be interested to know how many contact points are present on the connectors.

Standing next to Sandy this guy lives on an entirely different planet

Sandy Wishing you a quick recovery for your hand :)

Yes, the rear unit is almost certainly belt drive - it appears to be ZF's standard _AKC Central_

Hey guys, I'm glad you're impressed with this technology... I was hoping you might want to examine the ability, if Tesla has allowed, to convert to right hand drive fur us down under!!

@ MunroLive how can "steering by wire" be TRIPLE redundant, if we could smash/disconnect SINGLE Ethernet-loop connector.. hmmm ?

Wow this is the automotive technology of the future. Very exciting. Also sounds expensive😮

I like the video/audio of the guys doing their work. The “reaction video” thing of you all taking apart the different major, minor and sub assemblies would be neat along with the usual videos where you discuss what you learn after studying the goodies. Just a different kind of content maybe? Anyway, love the way you all are having a blast with the CT. Mine is coming in about a year or so lol I expect there to be a few significant improvements vs this tear down victim.

All rear-wheel-steering is steer by wire.

Is there only one steering input sensor??? If so, this system has zero redundancy.

Pleased to see Tesla cooperating with ZF

Sure wonder how that would function driving on ice or snow, or a mixture. Please test it on ice, since where it used to be snow, it is now ice. Keep it up Munro!

Sounds like the 2 mic audio tracks weren’t synced in the edit hence the echo/reverb when they both talk and both tracks need to be unmuted for those sections

Can someone explain what the purpose of the redundant ethernet cables is when they share the same connector? I would think you'd want redundant connections as well. What am I missing?

FMEA on that must’ve been fun!

2:04 Dude thinks he looks so badass in that truck, but really he looks like he belongs in Santa's workshop

Great work guys!! Thanks for everything!

Next level engineering. Nothing but minor tweaks from lessons learned for the Gen 2. Incredible design.

This explanation was way convoluted I feel. My try: 1. The complete turning radius of the steering wheel is 200 to about 240 degrees. 2. at slower speeds small motions of the steering wheel result in big motions of the wheels. 3. at high speeds bigger motions of the steering wheel lead to smaller motions of the wheels. =)

On ehuge benefit of by-wire steering is the ability for the system to decide what steering roadwheel angle to apply no matter what the driver input to the handwheel is. The biggest problem when calibrating a dynamic stability control system is drivers who "wang" the handwheel all over the shop, upsetting the system. With by-wire steering, you can perfectly control vehicle yaw with a roadwheel steering input as well as, or in preference too, a brake yaw application. Add in machine vision and lidar, and you can finally break the age old problem of drivers simply getting target fixated on the thing they are about to hit, and as a result hitting it. In advanced driving we teach "look where you want go, not where you don't want to go" but for most drivers, and emergency is so rare, unfolded quickly and un-expectidly, and as a result, a lot of fundamentally avoidable (through handwheel inputs in conjunction with braking) are not avoided at all....

AWESOME

Is it really wise physically running the 2 redundant data cables attached together? A physical event that damaged/severed one cable would likely damage/sever the other since they are attached. The cables should be separated and run down different sides of the front chassis for safety. Just seems crazy to me for a system that’s supposed to be redundant for safety.

All I can say it I picked my CyberTruck up Tuesday and it is awesome!

Agree, big vehicles should have rear steer.

Seems I often hear Sandy and Armin, say a part is forged aluminum, when in fact it's probably just cast aluminum. Forged parts are more expensive to produce and for the parts shown, a forged part is probably not needed when a cast piece does the job at a lower cost.

Steer-by-wire is used on just about everything imaginable, except cars... and trucks, and motorcycles, and light aircraft, and older aircraft, and small boats...

Monro is a national treasure. Thank you for educating the masses on the innovations of Tesla and all EVs.

I read somewhere that Tesla released the truck with 3 degrees of rear-wheel steering with plans to go to 9 degrees when the data shows that drivers can handle it. Makes sense with something so different and maybe they'll find that we can't handle the full 9 degrees and settle for something less but still greater than the 3 degrees now.

The wheel is clearly turning almost 180 degrees (perhaps 170°) each way, for a total of almost one full turn (perhaps 340°) lock-to-lock... not 180 degrees lock-to-lock. Why give numbers if they are going to be so wildly and obviously wrong?

Despite the description at 4:29, four wheel steering is not new. Active 4WS still isn't common, but it has been around for many years.

million dollar question: How is the 48v power supply redundancy / backup handled and where? A total loss of 48v power is going to be a problem! Does the rack still have mechanical self centering, ie is the motor drive ratio and motor friction/cogging low enough for the castor angle to push the wheels back to centre in the case of a complete loss of 48v power, or can the vehicle use brake bias to steer in extremis?

Front subframe, suspension looks just like 4 matic Mercedes s550. Steer by wire was around since late 70’s

How about a bit of grease in those rusty wheel holes. Great! Thanks!

My 1st truck didn't even have power steering and it worked excellent.

What's the real benefit of having drive by wire? Because now tesla has to install two electric motors, where it would be cheaper to install a manual steering wheel shaft.

Cheers 👍💪✌

when wrecked cybertrucks start to show up, sim racing community would be in joy for steering assembly. it would be a great base for sim racing.

Beautiful system, yet very expensive. I'm surprised Tesla adds the complexity and cost of a rear wheel steer system, it kind of goes against "the best part is no part".

Could you do a tensile test on the door? I really want to see how strong their custom alloy is. I'm still betting 1'690 MPa of tensile strength and 25% elongation at break, that would make it one of the toughest steel alloys ever made.

Being able to adjust the steering ratio sounds like a dream. There are plenty of times I wish my truck had a quicker ratio but I'd have to somehow find a steering rack that fits my truck and is quicker, so basically it ain't happening.

They already sent an update out, that opened the full rear wheel steering angle, as well as the differential locks 😊

Here's a question: would the Steer-by-wire system be able to perform what amounts to "dynamic wheel alignment"? I would think that the CyberTruck could perform micro-adjustments to the wheel alignment as the vehicle is moving to minimize rolling resistance. Maybe this has been mentioned at some point but I have not seen or heard anything about it.

The Ethernet connector reminds me of a larger SATA connector that exists for storage (hard drives) devices in PCs for years. Also has a visible split power / data section.

Smile for the camera 😃