In 628 AD, Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) granted a charter of privileges to the monks of St. Catherine's Monastery on Mount Sinai. It contained several clauses covering all aspects of human rights, including such matters as protection of Christians, freedom of worship and movement, freedom to appoint one's own judges and to own and retain property, exemption from military service, and the right to protection. . In war.
English translation of Ashtinam by Anton F. Haddad from Wikipedia
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashtina... ...
This is a letter issued by Muhammad, Ibn Abdullah, the Messenger, the Prophet and the believers, which is for all people as a trust from God to All his creatures have been sent so that they do not have any supplication from God. here after. Indeed, God is able and wise. This letter addressed to Islam is a promise given to the followers of Jesus of Nazareth in the East and the West, far and near, Arabs and foreigners, known and unknown.
This letter contains the oaths that were given to them, and whoever disobeys what is in it is a disbeliever and a transgressor of what was commanded. They consider him as someone who broke God's oath, disbelieved in His covenant, denied His authority, humiliated His religion, and made himself worthy of His curse, whether he is a Sultan or any other Muslim. Whenever monks and Shiites and Christian pilgrims gather together, whether in a mountain or a valley, or a pit, or a plain, or a church, or in places of worship, we are behind them and will protect them. And their property and morals are in the hands of me and my friends and companions, because they are my subjects and under my protection.
I will exempt them from anything that may offend them. Of the burdens that others pay as an oath of loyalty. They must give nothing of their earnings but what pleases them-they must not be annoyed, or disturbed, or compelled, or coerced. Their judges should not be changed or prevented from performing their duties, or monks should not be disturbed in the execution of their religious orders, or hermits should not be prohibited from living in their cells.
No one is allowed to rob these Christians or destroy or destroy their churches or places of worship or take the things in these houses and bring them to the houses of Islam. And whoever takes something from it, is someone who has broken the oath of God and has truly disobeyed His Prophet.
Jizya should not be placed on the shoulders of judges, monks and those whose job is to worship God. Nothing else is taken from them, be it fines, taxes, or any unjust right. Indeed I will keep their covenant wherever they are, on sea or on land, in east or west, in north or south, for they are under my protection and my will of safety, against all that they have. dislike
No tax or tithe should be collected from those who devote themselves to the worship of God in the mountains, or from those who cultivate the sacred lands. No one has the right to interfere in their affairs or act against them. Indeed, it is for something else, not for them. Rather, they should be given sustenance and sustenance for every bushel of wheat (about five and a half buckets) during the cropping seasons, and no one has the right to tell them that this is too much or ask them to pay any kind of tax.
As for those with property, the rich, and merchants, the tax levied on them should not exceed twelve dirhams per year (about $200 today).
No one should force them to travel or be forced to go to war or carry arms. Because Muslims have to fight for them. Do not argue with them, but act according to the verse in the Qur'an which says: Do not argue with the People of the Book except in the best things. Therefore, wherever they are and wherever they are, they will be protected from everything that offends those who invite them to religion (Islam).
If a Christian woman marries a Muslim, this marriage should not take place except after his consent, and she should not be prevented from going to her church for prayer. Their churches should be respected and they should not be prevented from building churches or repairing monasteries.
They should not be forced to carry weapons or stones. But Muslims must protect them and defend them against others. It is obligatory on every follower of Islam not to oppose and disobey this oath until the Day of Judgment and the end of time.