Yes and no. As a first cut there are a lot of similarities, but different problems have different "production functions" which change the nature and difficulty of the problem. The collective action problem of asteroid defense is far easier in terms of cooperation (only one country needs to provide it) compared to disease eradication (every country must cooperate/coordinate). There are other nuances in terms of club goods, vs. public goods vs. tragedy of the commons type situations. It gets messy.