The Critical Point is Not the end of the line (VDW Eqn. of State pt. 1)

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The Critical Point is Not the end of the line (VDW Eqn. of State pt. 1)

Рет қаралды 65,854

Жыл бұрын

An introduction to 3D PVT phase diagrams and a closer look at the critical point.
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Thanks to ‪@pbsspacetime‬ for motivating me to finish this video sooner. One minor point of contention: dragons don't live in the supercritical region, they live at the phase boundaries.
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** Fun with phase transformations **
PBS Space Time, "How Can Matter Be BOTH Liquid AND Gas?", • How Can Matter Be BOTH...
minutephysics, "Freezing water expands. What if you don't let it?", • Freezing water expands...
** Just a few of many videos showing critical point demonstrations **
LearnChemE, "The Critical Point", • The Critical Point (University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Chemical Biological Engineering)
Medielab HVL, "Thermodynamics - Explaining the Critical Point", • Thermodynamics - Expla... (Centre for New Media, Bergen University College, Norway)
Applied Science, "A close look at supercritical carbon dioxide CO2", • A close look at superc...
** Other References and Images **
HyperPhysics (Georgia State Univ.), hyperphysics.ph...
biomodel.uah.e... (L. Glasser (2004) J. Chem. Educ. 81: 414-418.)
Thermal Fluids Central (Global Digital Central), www.thermalflui...
Berche, B., Henkel, M., Kenna, R (2009) "Critical phenomena: 150 years since Cagniard de la Tour." Journal of Physical Studies 13 (3), pp. 3001-1-3001-4.
Friedrich Johann Justin Bertuch, 1806, commons.wikime...
commons.wikime...
commons.wikime...
commons.wikime...
H. Padleckas, CC-by-SA 3.0, commons.wikime...

Пікірлер: 111

@MrDino1953 Жыл бұрын

It was totally worth watching the extra bit at the end as you successfully unified the 2 different worlds of comedy and science.

@imacds Жыл бұрын

Traversed the void between them.

@bepispaul2419 Жыл бұрын

he crossed the critical point, where comedy and science become one

@1st2nd2 Жыл бұрын

I would contend it is a triple point between science, science communication, and comedy. Or a triple line, or a triple state, or a triple line seg- oh crap!

@randommm-light Жыл бұрын

Please! The second vid!! Amazing depth, new signal appreciated.

@itsowenstylez3857 Жыл бұрын

woah, it blew my mind the way to see the chart not in 2d but 3d. It does make a lot of sense if you view that way

@Alorand Жыл бұрын

I love it when the KZfaq Algorithm recommends me exactly the kinds of videos I would want to watch, even though they have very little views for their quality.

@brunscus Жыл бұрын

Wow, you just clarified for me the part of my masters degree that I couldnt get my brain around (or actually I did get my brain -around- it, and hoped I could BS my way around it in the exam as well, which I barely did). Video format helps I guess, but still very well explained, thank you!

@TesserId Жыл бұрын

Oh when you mentioned the phase diagram of water, I was so hoping to see this 3D plot for the various crystalline phases of water, even just a few of them to get a sense of what benefit the 3D plot might have for that.

@as-qh1qq Жыл бұрын

Though a bit advanced, the in passing mention of failure of theory near criticality could be a great seague into Landau Wilson theory , RG flows, non-zero non-local correlation and so on. That could be a whole separate video

@philipoakley5498 Жыл бұрын

And cloud chambers..

@DanaTheLateBloomingFruitLoop Жыл бұрын

Fantastic video. That 3D diagramm just clicked so neatly in my mind. It's also great that you touched on the ways in which to communicate knowledge. A point I find to be super critical.

@xXxLolerTypxXx Жыл бұрын

10:18 Just a thought, is this why water ice is slippery? That it partially melts and creates a liquid layer when pressure is applied? This is so cool.

@nosy-cat Жыл бұрын

Yes, that's the traditional reasoning. But it seems there's some disagreement on how much this effect really contributes to creating the liquid layer, as opposed to other effects like friction heating...

@MrKyltpzyxm Жыл бұрын

This is very interesting. I love seeing all the myriad layers of reality peeled back to reveal the granular details. Trying to be mindful of all of the various "dimensions" of characteristics interacting in any given cubic centimeter of reality gets overwhelming quickly. (For me at least 😂) It's reassuring to see it all laid out so clearly. I especially liked the side by side of the three different graphs showing the way each relationship changes in relation to the others. Theres even the added bonus of a video of that change happening in a practical demonstration. It's a nice reminder that we really can know detailed things about complicated stuff.

@andst4 Жыл бұрын

The 3D diagram is brilliant. I've been amazed by the critical point once I first saw the video of transition. This video let me see the phenomenon from a wholly new perspective.

@m13253 Жыл бұрын

The first video that finally made me understand phase transition and critical points!

@ilessthan3bees Жыл бұрын

Oh wow, I subscribed right before your rant about pedants at the end. It's a good thing too because if I waited until after the pedant rant, I would have broken the subscribe button by smashing it too hard. Pedants are usually people who misunderstood the point and are very proud of it.

@georhodiumgeo9827 Жыл бұрын

That was really good. Thanks for the explanation of the phase diagram and also how to not be a smug jerk.

@Oberon4278 Жыл бұрын

Can confirm, I am no longer friends with someone who did nothing but try to be smarter than everyone by contradicting everything all day long.

@yaduk7710 Жыл бұрын

The greatest thing ive seen in a while. I feel my mind expanding in size. I didnt realize pvt diagrams were a thing

@tanchienhao Жыл бұрын

U deserve more subscribers!!

@antoniolewis1016 Жыл бұрын

Thank you. This has bothered me for 10 years and you helped me understand it.

@fibbooo1123 Жыл бұрын

Great video!

@spasdimitrov6728 Жыл бұрын

Omg! I wanted to know what the diagram would be for water and was wondering how I'd find it on the internet, bit he showed it in the video. Really good video explaining everything very well and intuitive

@FoxDog1080 Жыл бұрын

I like how it ends abruptly

@He110ter Жыл бұрын

Man, I should send my kid to whatever grade school this guy went to with teaching phase charts, I'm sure they also touch on partial differential equations and general relativity (tongue in cheek).

@litterbox019 Жыл бұрын

12:56 my based detector is going off the charts!

@NotSexualAtAll Жыл бұрын

This is an excellent demonstration. Thank you!

@nlo114 Жыл бұрын

I immediately thought of Magma and volcanoes. This all makes sense to me now, and it looks as though the core of the earth is not molten, but a solid lump that gets 'squidgier' as it approaches the surface. Well explained, thank you! 🙂

@as-qh1qq Жыл бұрын

Patient and clear explanation. Keep it up.

@deldarel Жыл бұрын

amazing video! The algoritm works in weird ways. The only comment older than 2 weeks is 1 month, and the video is 6 month olds. Anyway, this video deserves to be picked up. It was very insightful. In reality the PT diagram is the most practically useful one, but you really need the full system in order to understand what actually happens, why lines are traced, and why the critical point is what it is.

@fanthomans2 Жыл бұрын

Fantastically good educational video. Good job.

@FurryEskimo Жыл бұрын

This was very helpful, thank you! I really enjoy highly educational, visual videos.

@antonioldesma Жыл бұрын

This video would have been so useful just a couple of years back. Amazing fully understanding it now nonetheless

@the27th81 Жыл бұрын

The 3d diagram was new to me, thank you for this video!

@realGBx64 Жыл бұрын

Thanks, I will show this video to my students.

@christophergilbert5988 Жыл бұрын

This is an amazing video! I never really understood the critical point, and it makes so much more sense now!

@Mikelaxo Жыл бұрын

That's awesome, I feel like I've unlocked a new realm of knowledge

@gavinkemp7920 Жыл бұрын

Ultimately it's a case of diagram usefulness over explaining how the world works. The traditional phase diagram is most useful because it contains most the most useful information provided you understand the physics and whilst I couldn't have explained it like you did, I sort of knew this. The one with volume is nicer for understanding the equilibrium but doesn't contain the most useful information m.

@VaraNiN Жыл бұрын

Great video! Subscribed! More pls

@justinchang6763 Жыл бұрын

Bro do a great job explaining it. Imagine learning this on a thermo textbook with out video with only diagrams and words 😂

@nosy-cat Жыл бұрын

For once the YT algorithm came up with something good. Awesome video, thanks!

@Javie3 Жыл бұрын

Yo this video has been a rollercoster of emotions, and I think the only thing I've leaned is that people can get irritated when trying to make sense of confusion graphs,and that nothing good happens after the youtuber says the video is over xd

@plopgoot5458 Жыл бұрын

Nice Pratchett reference

@c64cosmin Жыл бұрын

Gosh this was such a great and clean explication, thank you very much!

@tsingtak642 Жыл бұрын

it blows my mind

@KrasBadan Жыл бұрын

That's so cool

@Drad_ Жыл бұрын

Oh yeah baby, we better be going to 4d next!

@wep6433 Жыл бұрын

Right, I wonder how many complex relationships between variables could be made clear if we could conceptualize 4D graphs intuitively

@Chrisazy Жыл бұрын

Honestly a great video, and a great channel. I'd recommend that since your videos have low views, you should avoid the explicit "Pt. 1" and (Part 2) in your titles. Even if it's unconscious bias, people are less likely to tend toward these videos for subtle reasons like that, and as the comments say, you deserve WAY more subscribers than you have.

@tricky778 Жыл бұрын

If I see a part or chapter in the title of an educational video i get excited, i guess someone's thought about their content carefully.

@viliml2763 Жыл бұрын

Why would stupid people need to watch science videos? Not everything needs 100 billion views. Don't bend your knees to the Algorithm.

@vaakdemandante8772 Жыл бұрын

To me it's actually encouraging because I know it's material that has been deliberately partitioned and hence is easier to digest and more structured than one long video or a bunch of videos with various titles that to a novice may seem like a disjointed mess.

@tricky778 Жыл бұрын

@@vaakdemandante8772 it would be even better if it were 1 of 3 and suchlike so we know when we're missing something too

@Filip_Wessman Жыл бұрын

The last bit was best.

@PamSesheta Жыл бұрын

Excited to see fractal mixing math soon.

@wep6433 Жыл бұрын

It’d be awesome to have a rotating 3D diagram of this so I can fully grasp it.

@KaiHenningsen Жыл бұрын

Smartass: "You cut a bit too early at the end of the video!" Audience: "r/Whooosh"

@feuermurmel Жыл бұрын

Why do you only upload in 480p? Would love to see the animations in higher quality! :)

@pauln07 Жыл бұрын

How da hell did a 13minute video explain it better than half a year of uni

@chranenaveverka3537 Жыл бұрын

Great video

@davidcora2751 Жыл бұрын

Thanks very interesting!

@chavita4321 Жыл бұрын

This video is so fucking good in so many levels lol. Cheers m8. Bravo.

@Speed001 Жыл бұрын

11:00 12:45 Thanks to @pbsspacetime for motivating me to finish this video sooner. One minor point of contention: dragons don't live in the supercritical region, they live at the phase boundaries. Thanks for linking sources.

@tompw3141 Жыл бұрын

1) You showed P/T and T/Vm diagrams for when the solid is more dense and less dense than the liquid... what would they T/Vm diagram look like if they were the *same*? 2) You showed diagrams where the densities are S>L>G and L>S>G... what about the other four orders? (S>G>L, L>G>S, G>S>L, G>L>S)

@DarthBlazer. Жыл бұрын

I do wonder if we could use the transitioning of states, particularly, the critial point opalescence to efficiently seperate gas/liquid in processing. admittedly it's not easy to maintain the environment needed, but that layer separation appearing is pretty freak. Seems like it doesn't agree with entropy lol

@Daniel_lebieR Жыл бұрын

Awesome Video. Made me remember a lot of things I had forgotten. I (especially) liked the end. ...back when I was in University there were always those "special" students who pointed out edge-cases/special terminology in the most basic lectures (which included medical students, biologists, ...). And then acted as if the professor had done some sort of "Science Heresy/Sakrileg". Interestingly enough most of those guys dropped out after 1-3 semesters. There is a big difference between beeing a (committed) student/scientist and beeing a smart-mouth.

@AndrewJing-wp3vq Жыл бұрын

This guy’s based. Subscribed.

@jack504 Жыл бұрын

Really enjoyed the video. Gave me a similar vibe to the asianometry channel. Maybe crossover in style and humour 👍

@caetanogarelii6657 Жыл бұрын

Amazing video! It was very interesting

@RolandTitan Жыл бұрын

Badass video buf

@Axacqk Жыл бұрын

Before it was explained, I thought V would be for velocity, and the whole video would be about phases of moving fluids (within the boundary layer). Are there interesting phenomena there? Does the phase diagram get distorted in the boundary layer at high velocity gradients?

@nice3294 Жыл бұрын

I had so many oohhhhh moments watching this video

@louisrobitaille5810 Жыл бұрын

4:00 Isn't this physically impossible? No matter how slowly you push down on the piston, you will necessarily increase the pressure in the tube which will raise the temperature 🧐.

@itzachan3201 Жыл бұрын

You are right, it is an "ideal assumption". Scientists love to work with models wich are smoother than the real world, because it allows to focus on one phenomenon. Otherwise explaining the world really can get overwhelming

@mahxylim7983 Жыл бұрын

Well made vid with love...Share the love❤❤❤❤

@Gabriel-cf3bw 11 ай бұрын

To be honest, i want to show the end of this to my professor, so he can understand why he has no friends.

@rubenayla 11 ай бұрын

If you have a material mostly liquid with a bit of gas, and you increase the temperature under fixed volume, according to the diagram, all the gas would become a liquid (right at the left of the critical point). Is that right?

@Kram1032 Жыл бұрын

It's kinda weird that the volume somehow determines the behavior as, unlike temperature and pressure which can be given per point (they are intensive), volume is a property of the whole thing and changes (by construction, duh) if you look at smaller sub sections. EDIT: ⬆this is nonsense: The unit used is molar volume, which is volume per mole (or specific volume which is volume per mass) which is an intensive quantity which also means ⬇this isn't quite right either What happens if you look at other types of quantities? Like, say, does anything interesting happen if you take pressure, density, and, as a third thing, entropy? Clearly you ought to get the same phases overall. But perhaps the phase transitions would look different somehow? And the picture also becomes way more complex if you add more materials into the equation, rather than having something pure. Perhaps you can achieve quadruple points (where two substances are matched such that they both are on their triple line at the same time)?

@MrKyltpzyxm Жыл бұрын

I'm glad the edit was done as an addition rather than an erasure. It's always interesting to get an glimpse into the thought processes of others. I often find myself doing this very thing where it's only after considering additional implications of what I've written down that I realize that my prior train of thought was lacking some critical insight that alters the cascade of logic. Sometimes it feels like having a debate against myself. 😂

@angelmarauder5647 Жыл бұрын

Enthalpy and mollier diagrams are important for steam engines.

@peteraschubert Жыл бұрын

What would be happening if there were four spatial dimensions?

@rubberduck2078 Жыл бұрын

Can you show how this kind of 3d graph looks with the metastable regions?

@gutwrenchingdeaths Жыл бұрын

this guy's voice is uncannily similar to animator Domics

@beatricebortoli3264 Жыл бұрын

thermo sharpness blesssu

@jucom756 Жыл бұрын

Hey you don't get full extra credit, because as it turns out, water is even weirder than just a less dense solid... there are multiple different ice crystal structures, of which some are actually mire dense than water, each with their own region on the PTV graph!

@cswalker21 Жыл бұрын

Oooooooh. This whole time I thought it was "super critical" because the fluids were like really, really important, not because they are beyond the critical point. Gee. I'm dumb.

@sifilo Жыл бұрын

I don't get it but I think I'm learning something

@shodanxx Жыл бұрын

As a heat pump, air liquefaction, organic ranking cycle, seasonal temperature storage, thermal sonar enthusiast I find all this fascinating. More please! Well earned subscription Question for you, is there an open source repository of these 3d diagrams for all know substances and is there a good open source 3d thermal simulation software to explore them? Thanks !

@corrompido7680 Жыл бұрын

here be dragons :')

@rafgam Жыл бұрын

got a bit personal in the end

@sock7896 Жыл бұрын

ACKSUALLY thats a triple line SEGMENT a tripele LINE implies it extends to each infinity alongs its AXIS edit ah frick you predicted this. CURSES

@Maric18 Жыл бұрын

im so confused about what to think about the american education system if 10 year olds are learning about phase diagrams and molar definitions of ideal gas laws

@nekodjin Жыл бұрын

fix the captions plsssssssss 🥺

@K0nomi Жыл бұрын

caption jumpscare

@crackedemerald4930 Жыл бұрын

Erm, actually, it's called triple point's monster 🤓

@A.I.rchist Жыл бұрын

This is super well explained. And your voice is good don't worry.

@liquid2499 Жыл бұрын

Weird misreading or misunderstanding of why people excitedly share things they’ve learned that add extra context or nuance to things, even though sometimes they may do so thoughtlessly or recklessly. Not sure if you’ve just adopted the use of that dismissive and disdainful characterization as a social integration strategy, or this is some kind of externalized negative self-talk, or you’ve just not been exposed to the private thoughts, experiences, and feelings of the so-called “freindless” people, but it does come as a bit of a surprise. I can understand why that kind of behavior can come off as disruptive or pedantic and annoying, particularly to instructors with timelines and lesson plans to keep, but the assumption of self-righteousness and grandiose self-appraisal or strategic intent to inflate one’s perception as motivating factors is, I believe, misplaced and can be a harmful set of biases to carry, not only for the specific people targeted by them, but also for the broader relationships even the quality of work of those carrying them. Hope you at least take the thought to heart and consider it for a moment, and thank you for the excellent work you do.

@Kapomafioso Жыл бұрын

WELL AKHCHYUALLY YOU'RE WRONG, iT's NoT a TrIpLe PoInT, iT's A tRiPlE LiNe!!!11!! Did I do it right? 🥺🥺🥺

@cefcephatus Жыл бұрын

Water is weird because most material relies on 1 dominant force in their molecules. Water however, has bratty personality and stop listening to Van der Waals force and starts listening to electromagnetic force instead. Curse you Hydrogen bond.