The shark with the anvil on its head and the shark with the circular saw in its mouth are two o my favorite sharks!

For a future Bone Heads I'd love to see a revisit of the new material coming out of Rising Star Cave. The evidence for planned burials there is really interesting.

i love the museum trips and i would be very much interested in you talking about different paleoenvironments and formations

TBH, I'm just excited for Worm-Heads '23!

Ginzu isn't for shape. In the states it used to be a colloquial term for scary sharp and durable. They used to cut frying pans up, bricks, anything ridiculous then paper slice tomatoes. It was all camera tricks and props though, the knives were the lowest quality but the commercials sold perceived value, not real quality. And they ran half an hour infomercials every night for years practically. It has soaked into our subconscious.

Hi Ben, Eddie, and Hamzah Boneheads! I think the name "Boneheads" is a marvelous appelation for a gaggle of Paleontologists. It is to my mind as funny as the Thagomizer! If there was a Boneheads Tee-shirt, I would buy it and wear it proudly.

Re: Ptychodus occidentalis teeth. The tooth shape (from an engineering perspective) doesn't look nearly as much like a generalist tooth, so much as one hyper-specialized for breaking *exceptionally* hard shells by concentrating the force on a small point on the prey shell while spreading the reciprocal forces on the jaw of the shark. I would love to see a comparative analysis of potential shelled prey opportunities and their shell thicknesses relative to other shelled prey items. It *would* be better suited for use against exceptionally soft bodied prey (possibly large deep water cephlapods, similar to sperm whales and giant squid), and I can see them being useful for straining while gulping entire schools of small prey (like modern orca on herring balls), but I don't see them being terribly useful for tearing meat off large prey items.

I'm finishing my PhD thesis this week, but thoroughly enjoying having the shark week content to watch while I wait to get edits back from people. Thanks for the content. :) As far as things I like to see, I really enjoy the interviews you've done. I also like these themed episodes -- it could be centered around a particular animal, a particular formation, or even the work/methods of a particular paleontologist, but I think having a theme makes for a good story. Congratulations on graduating, and good luck with your master's degrees! (Also, even though I'm not in paleontology, as a grad student I can confirm that whatever you think you're going to work on is probably not what's going to end up happening.)

I'm so glad I found this channel. Informative and entertaining. The perfect way to learn.

Just wanting to say congratulations for your upcoming graduation! If you were as in depth and passionate in your degrees as you are in these videos / podcasts it's small wonder you all passed. Keep up the good work, guys!

This dude looks like a model

Excellent review of Chondrichthyan history! I have videos on my channel featuring many of these taxa. Also, that Moroccan tooth at the end of the podcast is from Serratolamna maroccana, which used to be classified within the genera Cretalamna and Lamna, but has since reassigned to Serratolamna due to tooth morphology.

Great video. It was entertaining to hear you guys discuss Cladoselache and the Cleveland Shale formation. I'm mainly from that area and the formation is world famous for it's placoderms too.

Welcome back, guys. Sounds like exciting times ahead. I look forward to seeing what's next.

I'm afraid your use of noise cancelling is causing the mics to cut out due to your close proximity to each other, I hope you can fix it in the future --- I'm having to guess and lipread at what you are saying.

This was done so well

My tutor on my Palaeontology course was Dr Ivan Sansom, who is proposing that Chondrichthyans actually evolved in the Ordovician, so he’d certainly have opinions about this discussion!

Gawr Gura brother??

Another great episode you guys - would be really cool to get an episode on the history of evolution of crocodilians or plesiosaurs

Thanks Ben. Was waiting for another of these.

Congratulations on graduating!

Yes!!!! I love the shark expert!

Congratulations!!!

So their jaws unhinge like a snake. Wild.

Hey, really interesting stuff! I think you might need to turn down how aggressive your noise gate or whatever sound suppression you're using is. The guy on the right (sorry, I'm AWFUL with names) keeps getting cut off mid sentence.

The sound cuts out a lot, great discussion though as always!

What is the evolutionary advantage of sharks retaining the cartilaginous skeleton trait rather than developing a fully mineralized bony skeleton like almost every other vertebrate?

We always want Megalodon videos!

34:43 It doesn't look like this jaw style takes much energy at all, in fact it seems quite well adapted for crushing. With the teeth on the outer edge of a disc shape and the upper palate curved you're able to get a rotational crushing benefit from an up and down motion. With the force applied more from the center of the lower jaw you're getting multiplied power like how bicycle gears work where small motions at the center translate to large travel distances at the outer spokes.

I somehow have a suspicion that tooth whorls at the tip of the lower jaw could be a trait present in the common ancestors of chondrichthians and osteichthians. I have seen them in reconstruction of fossils of the basalmost bony fishes also.

Is the shark jaw made of bone?

So cetaceans evolved to have more dense bones. I wonder if this means that sharks evolved to feed closer to the surface than did whales?

I love the subject However it's a real pain because of the sound cuts I hope i make through

You need to make a livyatan vs meg movie.

What I expected: A in depth documentary, like others on this channel but longer, about shark Evolution. What I got: A diary of what they're doing in life and Google searches of sharks. This is like a longer version of the "Bigger than a Blue Whale" video. This video isn't "bad" per se but it is disappointing. Still Good Job at life and trying! :)

lol.. Sharkboy... too funny.

Splanchnocraniums!

could a tetrapod have a cartilaginous skeleton? could it ever be ridged enough for terrestrial life?

you should get a head ban and make a shark fin, lol its simple and will be fun

Eddie, did you win a bet?

Euh, Eddie, you know Ben bathed in that exact suit you're wearing there, right? Nekid.

Big toothy cartilage fish

This audio setup is really unpleasant to listen to. You guys are constantly being cut off.

Sorry to point this out, but one of you has an incredibly sharp 's' sound.

S h a r k

I still refuse to call sharks fish ! hahahaa ^____^

You can't have too much meg.

i can only think of one name for what that shark is doing to that other shark. it's kinda dirty tho

When Ben said that the Meg 2 trailer shows Megalodon eating a T-Rex and that he turned it off for that reason I looked it up! Bloody good time. Get rid of all the expositing bozos and I'm sure the movie itself could be worth watching, especially if it were R rated and had an Avatar scale budget for its effects.

Congratulation on completing your degree work. Next step after Masters degrees for all of you will be ????? (I am expecting on to PhDs, then BBC documentaries.)

Fish are an informal group of vertebrates that is constituted by the classes Myxini (Hagfish), Petromyzontida (Lampreys and Fossil Relatives), Holocephali (Chimaeras and Fossil Relatives) Elasmobranchii (Sharks and Batoids), Actinopterygii (Ray-Finned Fish), and Sarcopterygii (Lobe-Finned Fish), fish are not a natural group as these six different classes are not closely related to one another.

Sharks are elasmobranchs that constitute the superorder Selachimorpha, there are many extant species within over extant orders, mirorders, and two grandorders, the two grandorders of sharks are Squalomorphii and Galeomorphii, Squalomorphii is further divided into the mirorders Hexanchimorphae for only the order Hexanchiformes (Cowsharks and Frilled Sharks), Pristiophorimorphae for the orders Heterodontiformes (Bullhead Sharks) and Pristiophoriformes (Sawsharks), and Squalimorphae for the orders Squaliformes (Dogfish) and Squantiniformes (Angelsharks), whereas Galeomorphii is further divided into the mirorders Orectolobimorphae for the orders Scyliorhiniformes (Catsharks) and Orectolobiformes (Carpet Sharks) and Lamnimorphae for the orders Triakiformes (Houndsharks and Hammerhead Sharks), Carcharhiniformes (Ground Sharks), and Lamniformes (Mackerel Sharks).

What is the idea behind creators now consistently changing the thumbnail, title, or both within hours of uploading videos? I assume they are trying to squeeze every bit of performance out of each and every video in hopes of catching the algorithm wave and riding it for more views...at the expense of viewers having to now inspect the length of each video and keep a spreadsheet and cross-reference the spreadsheet to see if indeed this a video you have already watched or a new video on the same subject. I finally had to cancel my Netflix subscription because of constantly changing thumbnails making browsing the platform for new content a chore rather than a relaxing thing. I never would have guessed the trend would become a frustration on KZfaq. But here we are, 6 out of the top 7 videos in my feed have all had their thumbnail changed, or title changed. I think maybe just a mark, like a tiny green circle 🟢 in the corner of the thumbnail when things are updated would allow creators to test whatever it is they are testing with these changes, but also allow someone to know it's been changed easily.

I'm 100% positive that all three of you are very familiar with the Ancient Sumerian Tablets. As well as the Cuneiform writing language.. So with an understanding of this information. How would you say these creatures came into existence? Or would you still hold to the whole theory ( which is not a fact) of evolution?

This audio is god awful! I really wanted to watch this one but the end of every sentence is cutting out so bad I wanted to tear my phone apart!

turn up the sensitivity or talk more directly into the mic please. Your sentences get cutoff and it's hard to understand /:

Sounds is farked

Can you, like, try and actually SAY something?

Audio sucks! Background noise suppression setting is way too aggressive. Had to leave about 10 minutes in.