The Genes We Lost Along the Way

Рет қаралды 3,746,856

Күн бұрын

PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to to.pbs.org/DonateEons
↓ More info below ↓
Our DNA holds thousands of dead genes and we’ve only just begun to unravel their stories. But one thing is already clear: we’re not just defined by the genes that we’ve gained over the course of our evolution, but also by the genes that we’ve lost along the way.
Thanks to these illustrators for their wonderful hominin illustrations featured throughout this episode!
Julio Lacerda: / juliotheartist
Fabrizio de Rossi: / artoffabricious
Jack Byrley: / bedupolker
This video features this Paleogeographic Map: Scotese, C.R., 2019. Plate Tectonics, Paleogeography, and Ice Ages, KZfaq video: • Scotese Plate Tectonic... .
Produced in collaboration with PBS Digital Studios: / pbsdigitalstudios
Super special thanks to the following Patreon patrons for helping make Eons possible:
Mark Talbott-Williams, Elizabeth Baker, Jake Myers, BuddyTheOtter, The Dec of Cards, Eddy, Andrii Makukha, Angel Alchin, Julie Cohen, salsablog.band, Michael Hof, simon read, Sean C. Kennedy, Eric Roberto Rodriguez, Hillary Ryde-Collins, Facts Dinosaurs, Frida, YaBoiSam36, Matthew Donnelly, Yu Mei, Colleen Troussel, Dan Ritter, faxo, Jayme Coyle, Gary Walker, Amanda Straw, Stephanie Tan, Laura Sanborn, Minyuan Li, Ben Cooper, Leonid, Robert Noah, Matt Parker, Heathe Kyle Yeakley, Jerrit Erickson, Anton Bryl, MissyElliottSmith, Zachary Spencer, Stefan Weber, Andrey, Ilya Murashov, Merri Snaidman, Gabriel Cortez, Marcus Lejon, Robert Arévalo, Todd Dittman, Betsy Radley, Anthony Callaghan, Philip Slingerland, John Vanek, Eric Vonk, Henrik Peteri, Jon Monteiro, James Bording, Miles Chaston, Michael McClellan, Jeff Graham, Maria Humphrey, Daisuke Goto, Gregory Kintz, Chandler Bass, Tsee Lee, Robert Hill
If you'd like to support the channel, head over to / eons and pledge for some cool rewards!
Want to follow Eons elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - / eonsshow
Twitter - / eonsshow
Instagram - / eonsshow
References: docs.google.com/document/d/1c...

Пікірлер: 3 600

@theoveranalist6381 3 жыл бұрын

Lemurs watching us give up the ability to synthesize vitamin C and then catch the common cold: "Pathetic."

@matthewcahill4475 3 жыл бұрын

The cure to covid, get gulop back

@ColonelFredPuntridge 3 жыл бұрын

Actually, I recall reading that there is a biochemical benefit we get from NOT having the enzyme which would catalyze the final step in synthesis of vitamin C. I can't remember where I read this or what the benefit is, and in any case it's technical and wouldn't mean anything to most viewers, but the enzyme which used to catalyze the final reaction in the multi-step biosynthesis of vitamin-C, which lemurs still have, also catalyzes another reaction which is in some way a little bit harmful. So IF a species or population has lots of vitamin C in its diet, and doesn't need to make its own vitamin C, then it's BETTER for that species or popuation to have that final enzyme deactivated by a mutation. So nature selects FOR that mutation, so long as the species or population can get vitamin C from its food. And THAT is why our mutant gene which makes us unable to make our own vitamin C has survived and persisted, even though we have to drink orange juice now. So maybe we get the last laugh on the lemurs. They are paying a price for keeping their ability to make their own vitamin C.

@casteretpollux 3 жыл бұрын

Chimpanzees used to have handsike ours but evolved to become better tree climbers.

@josephdahdouh2725 3 жыл бұрын

@@ColonelFredPuntridge Well maybe for other animals keeping that gene is quite beneficial for them. Hence why it remained present for them. But for us the story is different i guess.

@arnowisp6244 3 жыл бұрын

@@josephdahdouh2725 Cost and benefits.

@cancerino666 3 жыл бұрын

Gene dies in the Palocene: "I'm not required" Sailors in the 15th century with scurvy: "I'm sorry what?"

@truthinaction0000 3 жыл бұрын

Old world ocean travel got no respect on this discovery.

@im70water93 3 жыл бұрын

Damnnn, that's true

@MissGlassButterfly 3 жыл бұрын

Yeah you’d think if it’s a Fossil in our genes it would be able to Slowly be reactivated over generations as the issue it fixes becomes more apparent again.

@laurahall5218 3 жыл бұрын

Likely there's a limit to how much can be current and active on a chromosome. Vitamin c got bumped so we could have something better, like standing upright or iTunes.

@theunslickbiscuit611 3 жыл бұрын

@@laurahall5218 iTunes 😭😭

@Denny_Boi 3 жыл бұрын

RIP Gulop. You would've made the age of exploration a bit more manageable.

@deaconfetundes7888 2 жыл бұрын

Ity bity scurvy going to take you to Brazil.

@laurablyth Жыл бұрын

@@deaconfetundes7888 what

@saltymcsaltface 2 жыл бұрын

Best narrator on the show. Her tone, speed and pitch is perfect which makes it easy to follow the information she is presenting .

@js5787 2 жыл бұрын

Agree! She is one of the few that actually doesn't give me a headache, and also doesn't make dumb faces and doesn't talk fast.

@luotuoshangdui 2 жыл бұрын

Her accent seems to have the PIN-PEN merger, which makes her English a little difficult to understand for non-natives like me.

@gorbachevspizzahut2809 2 жыл бұрын

I like the guy who did the virus video as well

@ducngominh7669 2 жыл бұрын

Agree!

@danielalozovska2050 2 жыл бұрын

@@luotuoshangdui I am a non-native fluent English speaker, and I like her accent and voice, as well. She is an amazing host!

@CPrs3394 3 жыл бұрын

“Maybe the real evolution was the genes we lost along the way”

@multifffuuu 3 жыл бұрын

@ShufTheXD 3 жыл бұрын

Sodium Chlorophatium aB

@user-oz3rj3pv5i 3 жыл бұрын

sounds like a quote from a futurama episode

@eddyadityapradhan7960 3 жыл бұрын

bro..

@arfanbashir1759 3 жыл бұрын

You're referencing XB2: Maybe the real Elysium was the friends we made along the made or so I thi k

@rajasimanta 3 жыл бұрын

Pirates were probably really confused seeing 'Gulop.exe missing' error all the time

@NeonRahkshi 3 жыл бұрын

Gulop.dna

@ragnkja 3 жыл бұрын

Sailors in general, really, as well as some explorers.

@Anonymous-zd1ow 3 жыл бұрын

🤣

@singletona082 3 жыл бұрын

Wouldn't it be more of a dll than exe as it is an ancillistory library in the gene coding exe.

@drt4789 3 жыл бұрын

Wish we can find our Gulop.exe and run it.

@SurprisedPikacheesecake Жыл бұрын

This coulda been a several hours long video essay listing and discussing every single one and i woulda watched the whole darn thing. Great stuff

@SurprisedPikacheesecake 2 ай бұрын

@@Noradory you're joking, right? get a freaking hobby, mate 🤣

@venkkai 29 күн бұрын

same, i was actually sad she only talked about 2 of them, its so interesting

@BeTheChange99 26 күн бұрын

Yess!! PBS eons, please do another one on this topic!!! Or a podcast episode!!!

@simonezampa9239 Жыл бұрын

i'm an archivist and i realized now that our genome is actually the archive of our evolution

@SayItAintTso 3 жыл бұрын

I was gonna type “if we can resurrect uricase, can we use it as a medication to treat gout?” but then I googled and saw we’re already doing that! Yay science!

@beth8775 3 жыл бұрын

Seems like it could treat obesity as well.

@cheesymac6732 3 жыл бұрын

Yay science

@denissemedina4619 3 жыл бұрын

Probably using crispr 😌

@danialyousaf6456 3 жыл бұрын

Yeah ! Science Mr. White !

@elishh8567 3 жыл бұрын

U seem to have the right type of mind to invent medicines make us of it :) !

@vesawuoristo4162 3 жыл бұрын

I can see the Vitamin C gene being activated articially in the future, would be very useful for space travel .

@acedianihil8208 3 жыл бұрын

gene therapy is a fascinating thing to think about, but sadly with people still being caught up about gender and abortion the only way something like that will see the light of day is if the masses dont know about it

@dafttool 3 жыл бұрын

...And maybe there are other Vitamins we can make for ourselves with a little tinkering. 🧐

@susiekbryan 3 жыл бұрын

Good point! Totally

@hinkich1 3 жыл бұрын

for now we're still trying convince people that cloning a black footed ferret is OK and nothing wrong with it

@Great_Olaf5 3 жыл бұрын

Honestly, it's not that difficult to get enough vitamin C, the other one though... Turning that uricase gene back on would be nice, being better at making fat isn't really an advantage anymore.

@liamleonard9120 3 жыл бұрын

Pretty crazy how the game Ancestors nails this. When “leveling up” your early human you unlock genes that add benefits but you can only keep them past your generation if you spend points to “Lock” them in place. I didn’t realize how accurate that mechanic was until this video.

@mikuenjoyerXD 2 жыл бұрын

Reminds me of the game Spore

@Sally6861 Жыл бұрын

@@mikuenjoyerXD Spore was a magnificent game

@hanaluong2672 Жыл бұрын

The key is that it takes a long time and many generations.

@Gallyan Жыл бұрын

Amazing game and teaching tool! It got my curiosity for human evolution quite satisfied!

@nightshade3115 Ай бұрын

@@frenne_dilley i think its on xbox

@Clearlight201 2 жыл бұрын

Fun fact: since the Platypus produces both eggs and milk it's one of the few animals which can make it's own custard.

@unifiedfuck Күн бұрын

oh..

@Shadeem 3 жыл бұрын

I want my functioning genes back!

@phonyk7212 3 жыл бұрын

You have to have a free trial on life to unlock your genes

@8AKI47 3 жыл бұрын

Lol no ☕🥄

@NeonRahkshi 3 жыл бұрын

some of*

@jv-lk7bc 3 жыл бұрын

...said BrundleFly

@triakbar1 3 жыл бұрын

You want to call my genes manager, ma'am?

@Leto85 3 жыл бұрын

I can imagine a science fiction story in where those and more dead genes can be reactivated to 'experience reality as how our ancestors did.'

@nimrodgrrrl 3 жыл бұрын

Write it!

@VoteOrDie99 3 жыл бұрын

@Rill that's the title

@SujalRajput10 2 жыл бұрын

What about deep dive VR where you can actually go and live like your ancestors. Would be a lot easier than resurrecting the entire genome.

@17moonlily 2 жыл бұрын

@@SujalRajput10 Animus

@MiguelDLewis 2 жыл бұрын

It’s called Assassins Creed.

@paullukens7154 Жыл бұрын

Outstanding presenter. Enthusiastic and obviously highly knowledgeable as well. You have the perfect voice for this! Loved it. (retired Biology teacher)

@pocketrocket6604 2 жыл бұрын

I just found this channel recently. And this is one of the first videos I watched. Woah I'm overwhelmed by the clarity and precision of your content. Thanks so much for doing this! I'll probably watch all your videos in the near future.

@takashimasuda6724 3 жыл бұрын

I think this is literally the coolest thing I learned This basically means that we have untapped potential in our genes It’s like having a superpower but it’s sealed away

@talalon4098 3 жыл бұрын

I have the super power of making vitamin C by myself! *I am inevitable!* (I am being sarcastic, but it's actually really cool)

@rockstargerbilclan5631 2 жыл бұрын

The genes are lost, so actually, no. But there are potentials for new mutations to pop up, yes. They just won’t be quite the same.

@gozzilla177 2 жыл бұрын

The problem is with these Gene's if we did bring them back, they could have functional uses of course. But we would have to stop eating things with vitamin C in it because once you have a gene that produces it you would have to much if you continued to eat it. Which would likely cause it to go dormant again because we have no use for it, it may also lead to underlying health issues if we had excess C in our bodies.

@theoneaboveall6768 2 жыл бұрын

@@gozzilla177 same as taking testosterone we stop producing it to maintain a good level. You could be right. But also I always have a saying. Nature is ALWAYS perfect no flaws the only time it’s flawed is when human touch it. Meaning if we lost those gene it’s because nature intended to. BUT I’m sure we could and will revive those genes by force or luck. Example if human start living on Mars or other planets they will be different, might be way taller or shorter stronger or weaker etc .. since gravity and environment of the planet will be different and are greatest asset is we adapt so we would adapt to that end and be different from earth human thus maybe resurrect those genes or create new ones true reproduction. Lots of possibilities for future

@AlphineWolf 2 жыл бұрын

@@gozzilla177 more like our kidneys be working overtime flushing out the extra but we would have no canver

@chriskelvin248 3 жыл бұрын

I would like to thank mankind's top four most generous patrons: Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine and last but not least, Steve!

@zeusaurel6714 3 жыл бұрын

haha, you word-played and made a funny

@abigailjohnson4299 3 жыл бұрын

Is anyone else lowkey worried about steve :/

@phillipsofthedriver 3 жыл бұрын

@@abigailjohnson4299 YUP.

@zddxddyddw 3 жыл бұрын

This is blatant Thymine-Uracil shaming and I won't stand it, smh.

@JR-gp2zk 3 жыл бұрын

No Steve, and Kallie has no braids. I don't know what to think anymore.

@pjeverly 17 күн бұрын

This episode is why I love this channel. It makes you think about things in a new way and ultimately become more curious. Keep up the great work.

@adw6894 5 ай бұрын

I'am a non-native fluent English speaker, and I like her accent and voice, as well. She is an amazing host!

@KimberlyGreen 3 жыл бұрын

Remembering former Eontologist "Steve", who has become an Eons pseudo-gene. May you one day be resurrected and come back to us.

@ChombyChomp 3 жыл бұрын

Wait which one was Steve? What happened?

@nsalegit9482 3 жыл бұрын

@@ChombyChomp I think he was one of the eontoligists that submitted a joke or two, but stopped subscribing on patreon.

@astaldogal 3 жыл бұрын

@@ChombyChomp i don't think anyone knows specifically, but i think he died. They stopped adding him to the end of the list of supporters.

@lewisirwin5363 3 жыл бұрын

@@astaldogal Word on the street is he's just a bit too poor to support at the mo.

@Unpainted_Huffhines 3 жыл бұрын

Pseudo-Steve

@bunstructors8591 3 жыл бұрын

As a software engineer it's very painful to realize that I have a code coverage of less than 10%

@jeremybyington 3 жыл бұрын

Why the hell is everything commented out? We need to remove it all and tag it *v1.10*

@Dragrath1 3 жыл бұрын

@@jeremybyington XD In a serious note evolution doesn't clean up because with the right typos a new gene might rise from the scrambled mess of pseudo genes and dead viruses. In other words evolution is an old inefficient legacy code that turns typos into new lines of code by losing the comment lines XDs

@justinhans 3 жыл бұрын

That reminds me...

@89qwyg9yqa34t 3 жыл бұрын

90% of your code is commented-out and left there as placeholders because for some reason your program wouldn't originally compile without them.

@popcornproductions99 3 жыл бұрын

With no unit tests!

@Wulfdane 9 ай бұрын

I want my gulop.

@dezg8911 5 күн бұрын

😂

@karenarmijo22 2 жыл бұрын

Outstanding distillation. I was turned-on to this channel by the dinosaurs and now that I am copyediting lesson plans for gene editing I'm happy to see that the platform has evolved with me. Great work PBS and my fave Kallie Moore.

@casonjones2801 3 жыл бұрын

The last time I was this early, I still had a functioning Gulop

@sadiahossain6207 3 жыл бұрын

i laughed too hard at this

@spaghetticonsumer8703 3 жыл бұрын

That was a good one

@stasabozic8164 3 жыл бұрын

Day made.

@AP-ex6qz 3 жыл бұрын

Haha this comment is gold ❤️❤️

@WHiT3_SHAD0W 3 жыл бұрын

Nice

@joshuasalem5022 3 жыл бұрын

Can we all seriously take a moment to appreciate how fortunate we are to have things like PBS? We are so lucky to have a public broadcaster with a vast domain. It is universally accepted by our institutions to be something we need, and does stuff like have amazing people teach us new things and make learning easier than ever

@BJETNT 3 жыл бұрын

That's an awesome comment by the way!! We could live in a place like North Korea where they totally dominate any kind of knowledge that they give to the public. I mean don't get me wrong I know some of that goes on here but not when it comes to this kind of thing.I really enjoy learning everything there is to know about the human body.

@perfectlypurepinkpompompan3467 3 жыл бұрын

@@volkskrieg8735 lol more like cheerleader: Public broadcasting systems in many places around the world, such as the UK and Canada - and yes even in the USA - provide TONS of high-quality programming that would never have been made if all communication organizations were run by private companies. The for-profit marketplace has many drawbacks when it comes to deciding what gets produced and sent out to everyone and what doesn't. The kind of science programming this video represents, is a prime example: look what happened to commercial channels such as the History Channel... started off all idealistic and gung-ho with wonderful content, but gradually pandered to the lowest common denominator and now is 90% crap: Hillbilly Hand-Fishing Hour and Monster Truck Obstacle Course level.

@ArchangelActual86 3 жыл бұрын

For this I am thankful.

@fastbuckwu 3 жыл бұрын

Donate to your local PBS station if you can. I grew up watching Nature, Nova, Mr. Rogers, Sesame Street, etc. I give them all credit for making me a empathetic and decent human.

@jamesmccarte1609 3 жыл бұрын

PBS is so good, that even Canadians donate money to support it! When I lived in Montreal we had access to 2 PBS stations ota, and likewise now that I live in Windsor

@edo4867 3 жыл бұрын

This was a great perfect episode. Thanks PBS Eons.

@I-wishsomeday 23 күн бұрын

I loved the way she was talking i could understand every single world she said even though i m not a native , her voice is angelic 💞 Thank u so much

@alexliger1893 3 жыл бұрын

Kallie’s voice always carries a sense of wonder and excitement that keeps my attention... as if she can’t wait to tell you the next thing. Awesome work.

@qbasic16 3 жыл бұрын

absolutely 🙏

@CrankyPantss 3 жыл бұрын

Agreed. I like that it always sounds like one friend sharing an interesting story with us, not like someone reading something to us.

@ricardubazinga 3 жыл бұрын

Exactly! Like that one teacher in high school that you wouldn't miss a class cause you liked her so much because she can pass on so much knowledge with such ease

@ShayanSaqiba 3 жыл бұрын

simp

@besticudcumupwith202 3 жыл бұрын

...agree...and this is the first time I've ever seen her let her hair down. Nice.

@jakobnev5973 3 жыл бұрын

It's not just genes, humanity drags a lot of dead memes along too.

@marzouk6270 3 жыл бұрын

😂😂😂

@dx-ek4vr 3 жыл бұрын

Memes: The DNA of the soul

@pluspiping 3 жыл бұрын

Just think - there are some people who are still playing The Game

@Burn_Angel 3 жыл бұрын

Problem, evolution?

@nazojin7557 3 жыл бұрын

@@pluspiping frick you

@Vak_g Жыл бұрын

One of the most interesting videos in youtube! Your channel is an oasis! I can't get enough of it!

@trevorzane272 2 жыл бұрын

I LOVE these PBS nature and science videos!! They literally go over YEARS of research and data and summarize it in minutes!! These PBS videos are so underrated!!

@ruchiRocksta 3 жыл бұрын

We are not just defined by the genes we gained over the course of evolution, but also by the genes that we've lost on the way. I liked this line.

@jxu826 2 жыл бұрын

Rip those genes

@crazyshemshem7897 2 жыл бұрын

Legit read it as she said it

@jooot_6850 2 жыл бұрын

The real evolution were the genes we lost along the way

@Sienisota 2 жыл бұрын

I wouldn't mind getting some of those genes working again. You never know what we might need in the future.

@cringe_shattles69 2 жыл бұрын

Maybe the real genes gained were the genes lost along our way lolol

@corrinlex1359 3 жыл бұрын

this vid takes "you are what you eat" to a whole new level

@itaty5638 3 жыл бұрын

underrated 😂

@kathryncarter6143 3 жыл бұрын

Ya; quite impactful

@ayie.r5710 3 жыл бұрын

Already said in veda

@simonhanson5990 2 жыл бұрын

Such a clear and informative presentation. Information packed and very easy to listen to. Thank you

@ashtynmm 4 ай бұрын

This is the coolest thing I’ve learned in a while - thankful for videos like these! ❤

@sanjanadesai5128 3 жыл бұрын

Just imagine what kind of awesome skin we could have had if gullop gene was still functioning and producing vitamin c

@AJ-te6tf 3 жыл бұрын

We wouldn’t need to take vitamin c

@rampagesmackssons508 3 жыл бұрын

Just make sure you get enough vitamin C

@drt4789 3 жыл бұрын

We’l have skin like the lemurs.

@angelrufo1780 3 жыл бұрын

@@drt4789 HAHAHAHAHAHAHA

@hafizhan8654 3 жыл бұрын

@@drt4789 hahahaaha i would love that

@TigirlakaLaserwolf6 3 жыл бұрын

all I can think about is that Doctor Who episode where the guy turns into a giant skeletal scorpion and the doctor just goes 'that machine reactivated lost genes' implying that somehow humans... used to be giant scorpions with human faces

@yorukaadams940 3 жыл бұрын

Reject modernity. *_RETURN TO SCORPION_*

@kabir3510 3 жыл бұрын

@@yorukaadams940 All hail the great Scorpion King.

@hoperuiz3581 3 жыл бұрын

@@yorukaadams940 I'M WHEEZING

@janedoe7666 3 жыл бұрын

which season and episode ?

@TigirlakaLaserwolf6 3 жыл бұрын

@@janedoe7666 S3E6 - 'The Lazarus Experiment'

@thomassutherland2647 2 жыл бұрын

R.I.P. Susumu Ohno. Feb 1st, 1928 - Jan. 13th, 2000 You Rocked! I Love a Great Mind!

@crypton_8l87 Жыл бұрын

You're a great teacher! So simple and clear on such a complex subject!

@impishDullahan 3 жыл бұрын

Kallie without a braid really threw me for a loop at first.

@astaldogal 3 жыл бұрын

Do you mean you came unbraided?

@watsTHEtime52 3 жыл бұрын

RIGHT

@impishDullahan 3 жыл бұрын

@@astaldogal That pun left me in stitches, just leave hair to catch my breath after that one.

@richardhaselwood9478 3 жыл бұрын

I was wondering what was different... Thanks for point it out :)

@dereksmalls6238 3 жыл бұрын

I'm glad someone else pointed this out. Don't get me wrong, I'm here for the science but Kallie with her hair down is... kinda cute ;)

@rexlupusetxe8367 3 жыл бұрын

So I have a museum inside my genes, I'm really happy to know that.

@whoskamo8742 3 жыл бұрын

More like a cemetery but eh

@Abominatrix650 3 жыл бұрын

If you had an Animus, you could access and explore that museum anytime you want!

@insidethebox2470 3 жыл бұрын

@@Abominatrix650 hehehe nice

@ojeda5577 2 жыл бұрын

@@whoskamo8742 a museum is where history (death of the past) is stored

@boxy3087 2 жыл бұрын

Activate my gulop and uox again

@cyrilpanerio5542 3 жыл бұрын

This is extremely fascinating. I'm optimistic of the coming tech from this study! Thanks PBS👍

@MrCrazyeyes07 3 жыл бұрын

Imagine if every time your body started producing Vitamin C, you’d sense the faint taste of orange on the back of your tongue.

@rolfs2165 3 жыл бұрын

Toothpaste would stop tasting like mint. Sounds good.

@reob12 3 жыл бұрын

i could be wrong, but that's not how I think vitamin C works

@BJETNT 3 жыл бұрын

That would be funny but vitamin C' does not taste like oranges. Taste more like citric acid unless you go a mineral ascorbate. It's more stable than regular ascorbic acid anyway.

@WillPhil290 3 жыл бұрын

@@reob12 lol I was about to say something similar

@davidanderson_surrey_bc 3 жыл бұрын

Don't you just love it when every reply is from someone named Poindexter?

@Leitis_Fella 3 жыл бұрын

Me: Return to Monke My genes: No

@ANTSEMUT1 3 жыл бұрын

What about crab? Genes: maybe 🤷‍♂️ we will see hehehe.

@Burn_Angel 3 жыл бұрын

Quite literally, actually.

@willtancha7163 3 жыл бұрын

Turn me back to a fish

@wizzzer1337 3 жыл бұрын

me: return to single cell?! my genes: you bet your sweet bippy!

@baguette4607 3 жыл бұрын

I’m gonna to commit turn back into singular atom

@creuvette29 2 жыл бұрын

Your explanations are easy to understand and make sense, even for a non english person like me. Thank you for this great and interesting video !

@divyanjalisharma319 2 жыл бұрын

It's almost like magic. Beautiful ❤️ To think we are here because of beings living for the last million years. And to think it's our responsibility for the future. The irony of how each individual is important, and yet means nothing in the larger scheme of things.. Just beautiful.

@shawnmckernan2277 3 жыл бұрын

As Homer Simpson said: I'm not fat, I'm drought and famine resistant. I so want to experience the two types of bitter our tongues are blind to.

@davidanderson_surrey_bc 3 жыл бұрын

Also, the three types of smell our ears can't feel.

@samhainlegge9563 3 жыл бұрын

@@davidanderson_surrey_bc I’m sorry, what?

@gozzilla177 2 жыл бұрын

@@samhainlegge9563 Its true, and did you know your skin cant taste 90% of what it use to?

@samhainlegge9563 2 жыл бұрын

@@gozzilla177 …dang, that’s cool.

@briciolaa 2 жыл бұрын

@@gozzilla177 wait our ancestors could do all that and also were tripping balls?

@FaeQueenCory 3 жыл бұрын

"How do genes die like this?" Literally typos.

@BJETNT 3 жыл бұрын

Pretty much yep!!! I'm stealing that That was pretty funny

@shersockholmes6261 3 жыл бұрын

Underrated

@SpazzyMcGee1337 3 жыл бұрын

Part of my brain got more entertainment from this comment than another party of my brain feels was justified.

@ccvcharger 3 жыл бұрын

@@volkskrieg8735 Is that when pirates breed? ... I'll leave.

@dharmagirl5889 Жыл бұрын

This may be the coolest video I've come across in months! Love it!

@chefmarcos Жыл бұрын

You are an excellent narrator. I enjoy listening. Bravo!! 👏🏽

@brandonwang4270 3 жыл бұрын

Maybe these genes are all the friends we lost along the way

@jccanizal6410 3 жыл бұрын

lol XD

@jv-lk7bc 3 жыл бұрын

pour one out for the dead homiez.

@triakbar1 3 жыл бұрын

I'm sad, bro. dead homies in my body

@bakakubi 3 жыл бұрын

I have gout. Thanks to this ep, I can officially blame my ancestors!

@russelsellick3649 3 жыл бұрын

I had also wondered!

@jeremymicheal3435 3 жыл бұрын

Eat a bag of Bing cherries

@griffinbird3000 3 жыл бұрын

My dad's family has a history of gout so I'm concerned

@shashankkalambe3192 3 жыл бұрын

Thank to ancestors you are alive...

@furiouszekrom5230 3 жыл бұрын

@@shashankkalambe3192 you gud bruh?

@kowalityjesus 2 жыл бұрын

bruh this is insanely amazing that we can know this. Thanks Eons!

@adw6894 5 ай бұрын

The evolution is amazing, such a long journey of natural selection

@MatanteDodo 3 жыл бұрын

The UoX part intrigued me because as anyone who cared for reptiles, I know they're quite vulnerable to gout, more so than us. They also excrete a white goop made out of amorphous urates just like birds. So I looked it up and indeed, humans, birds and reptiles independently lost the ability to break down uric acid.

@bhartiparihar8151 2 жыл бұрын

Wow, that's really interesting! Thanks for sharing. Not surprising birds and reptiles would have a shared method of eliminating it with their close genetic relationship. I'm glad us apes don't do this though lol.

@khajiitkitten5679 Жыл бұрын

@@bhartiparihar8151 I don't know...I have gout, and I'd love to be able to break down uric acid in my body. Gout is no fun.

@TunaFreeDolphinMeat 3 жыл бұрын

I lost my jeans at the laundrymat

@kenbee1957 3 жыл бұрын

🤣🤣🤣🤣

@weyounion9112 2 жыл бұрын

Evolutionary genomics could become one of PBS Eons' focus. It's interesting, discoveries every year... And you're so good at explaining simply. Great channel, thanks

@greenbeanwater6686 Жыл бұрын

Maybe the real treasure was the genes we made along the way

@nymphobunny Ай бұрын

This is a beautiful way of thinking

@starguardlux2874 3 жыл бұрын

My stupid self saw the title and I thought to myself, "yes, but how many friends did we make?"

@bugzyhardrada3168 3 жыл бұрын

Stupid selvs are always the nicest selvs

@johannesschutz780 3 жыл бұрын

My background is historical linguistics so I kinda do things that are very similar to what you guys do: a deep dive into the past based on what remains of hundreds, thousands, and in this case millions of years of history. I really love everything involving reconstructing which is why I loved this video so much.

@kyjo72682 2 жыл бұрын

Great episode. Genetic "archaeology" is quite interesting.

@turquoisewitch.wild-owl Жыл бұрын

That was extremely interesting and very well communicated! Thank you.

@1ntwndrboy198 3 жыл бұрын

When we lost the uric acid Gene we could have also lost the hair most of our hair so we could sweat and sweat out the uric acid.

@sammijanemorrison2284 3 жыл бұрын

Awsome point. It would be an excellent look ent study. Thanks for ur comment.

@BJETNT 3 жыл бұрын

I don't know if we sweat that out. I mean I know we do but it's very very insignificant but it seems like you should be right and we should get rid of more of it that way. As compared to what comes out of our urine it's not even statistically significant. But then again your average person in good health does not have a lot of it floating around. That means urine is usually enough to do what it needs to do while it's treating it. Being able to do it through our sweat glands would be problematic to say the least if it was in large amounts.

@shersockholmes6261 3 жыл бұрын

Actually uric acid is excreted through urine. And I don't think decreasing amount of hair makes u sweat more , it should be the other way around as more hair means more heat which results in our body's cooling action that is sweat.

@Burn_Angel 3 жыл бұрын

@@shersockholmes6261 What he meant was that having less hair helps sweat cool down the body because it flows easier, instead of it only wetting the hair. Eliminating uric acid via sweat would be easier since it flows out of the body easier than if we had more hair, so it's not about sweating more but rather sweating more effectively. And there's no other animal that sweats as much or as effectively as humans, that's actually one of our species' traits, so if the idea was to eliminate ANYTHING from our body via sweating, we'd be the best creatures to do so.

@Pippis78 3 жыл бұрын

@@Burn_Angel Yup - like dogs. They can only pant. And that's why they can get heat stroke rather easily. Human is quite well adapted for heat and cooling down. We did use to hunt by running after (injured) prey and exhausting them. If I've understood correctly, the human body is actually better equipped for running than walking. (Randominator infobank in my brain: Pre sturdy shoes we used to both run and walk toe first, not heel first. Our modern style of walking is super recent. Like the last 200-300 years. Would be interesting to know the effect that has on our back or knee problems etc.)

@mst4309 3 жыл бұрын

Eons, Space Time, History of the Earth: 3 channels uploading on the same day. Oh my.

@kjron1548 2 жыл бұрын

I love how paleontology is headed to genetics to better draw an image of what the past looked like

@AndyStarrrr 3 жыл бұрын

I often get scared because I know it's impossible to know everything there is to know, but this channel makes me feel like I'm getting SOMEWHERE at least.

@omarqudah7848 3 жыл бұрын

Our ancient ancestors: *Evolve for over 8 million years* Modern day humans: Evolution isn't real!!! Their DNA: *oh*

@generalwreck7662 3 жыл бұрын

Literally everyone when Charles Dickens was alive

@LetYourMindPlay 2 жыл бұрын

I'm interested in what part of this video you think shows evolution. There was no creation of new material/information. Just the reordering of older information. In a pundit square there are the initial letters. Those letters may be rearranged over generations, however no new letters are ever introduced. Instead where an ancestor might have had Aa you now have AA. Meaning you have lost the ability of the "a". You did not evolve but devolved. Instead of new letters being added into the pundit square you might actually end up with letters missing on certain branches. Natural selection is the opposite of evolution.

@Kurtizss 3 жыл бұрын

some gene: *dies* Monke: *Oh no!* anyways

@sabarinathan1287 2 жыл бұрын

The background music till 1:50, well done team, it just hooked me to the video.

@octopus8978 Жыл бұрын

I could watch this video 100 times and not get bored

@Quintinohthree 3 жыл бұрын

7:55 is not the structure of fructose. There shouldn't be a methyl on the left. This 1-O-methylfructose. Also unusual to show the open form but I'll leave that to you.

@boomerangfish3558 3 жыл бұрын

Thank you!

@levil3628 3 жыл бұрын

🤓

@jamesmnguyen 3 жыл бұрын

Me, a non-chemist: Yes

@Blitznstitch2 3 жыл бұрын

Methyl fructose doesn’t sound yummy

@Heidi60211 3 жыл бұрын

Good catch!

@FalconFire13 3 жыл бұрын

As a medical student, I'd abhorred reading Biochemistry. With such interesting context, I'm gonna love studying it now ! PBS Eons is an absolute treasure !

@cuddlepaws4423 6 ай бұрын

Very very interesting . When I was doing my Human Biology ' A ' level back in 1995 we were taught that Vit. C synthesis is a 10 step process , but for some reason we had lost the 10th step conversion . Apparently animals who can still self generate have much better cardiovascular health and increase out to combat when they have an infection . Just think if this could be switched back on to help with the heart disease problem worldwide .

@vintagelady1 Жыл бұрын

This is so dang cool & well explained. And the medical possibilities are enormous, as they are doing with the uricase gene. Love this channel--if I were still teaching, I'd be using it in my classroom

@Laserblade 3 жыл бұрын

For me, one of the most educational of the series I've seen. Thank you, PBS Rocks. Always has.

@haroonzia2214 3 жыл бұрын

These videos are so well-made - the visuals, the writing, music, and of course the interesting content and studies themselves! Great work. It's a real privilege to have science presented in such a convenient and engaging way! Thank you for this.

@matthn64 2 жыл бұрын

What an amazingly executed video. Subscribed!!!

@roryfriththetraveller4982 2 жыл бұрын

this is soooo interesting !! im super curious to find out what gets found out about these dead genes in the next few years

@domib.3924 3 жыл бұрын

9:53 That guy looks stoked to have found some leaves.

@NeonRahkshi 3 жыл бұрын

wouldn't you be too?

@gozzilla177 2 жыл бұрын

Was hangry!

@meetaverma8372 3 жыл бұрын

Now I know why Lemurs are healthier than me

@stephenpinel 3 жыл бұрын

Eat some damn fruit then

@meetaverma8372 3 жыл бұрын

@@stephenpinel Ikr, but I forget 😢

@mochamuneca8093 3 жыл бұрын

It’s that damn Gulop

@meetaverma8372 3 жыл бұрын

@@mochamuneca8093 exactly

@TarunKumar-kb4ln Жыл бұрын

oh god. This channel is hidden gold. underrated and addictive

@pokemonfanthings4444 2 жыл бұрын

This was awesome. I had no idea generic fossils even existed. Thank😊

@jonathanbibi799 3 жыл бұрын

I don't know why but these videos are so educating and are so interesting, already been taught more in an hour from your channel than recent years of school.

@mitchgunzler3737 3 жыл бұрын

My favorite example of being shaped by the genes we lost comes from cats. The last common ancestor of all felines seems to have had a broken version of the gene for tasting sweetness. That must be part of a cycle that led cats to become such capable obligate carnivores-the less they enjoyed and sought out fruits, the more important finding enough alternative foods survived, which made failing to eat available fruits less of an issue and so on.

@freandwhickquest 3 жыл бұрын

there are also transposable elements called alu elements in the primate genomes. these elements sometimes jump into genes and render them non-functional. since the insertion locus is primarily random, if you find a pseudogene which seems to have been broken by the same insert element exactly at the same nucleotide position proves carriers of this pseudogene share a common ancestor. probability of two independent insertion events in different species occuring at the same nucleotide positions is virtually zero. event happened in the common ancestor and passed on to its descendents. a molecular fossil. presence/absence patterns of those insertion events can be used for phylogenetic tree construction and those trees perfectly match the morhological and molecular trees. this is what convinced me that evolution is real. there are also endogenous retroviral insertions which we share with chimps. nucleotide by nucleoitide same location: proves common ancestry.

@sarahmcmorn8475 6 ай бұрын

10/10 This episode allowed me to sound smarter than I am at a family gathering.

@Rat-tea 3 жыл бұрын

If there isn’t one already, y’all should make this into a podcast on spotify!

@CaptainComradeCool 3 жыл бұрын

Yeah, but the denim ones we have now are pretty ok too.

@sirmeowthelibrarycat 3 жыл бұрын

😂 👏

@aryyancarman705 3 жыл бұрын

Lmfao

@sakurabender 3 жыл бұрын

So what you’re telling me is that if we still had uricase we would be loosing weight better? Hmmmm damn evolution lol

@griffinbird3000 3 жыл бұрын

We'd probably need it considering the amount of obese people is increasing a lot

@everentropy 3 жыл бұрын

Weight isn't automatically unhealthy and I suggest you look up the history of BMI. We were DESIGNED to be heavier!

@griffinbird3000 3 жыл бұрын

@@everentropy yes in the past if we lost weight quickly we'd die because food wasnt as readily available but now that food is more readily available and more and more people are dying of obesity pls come back soon uricase :^((

@everentropy 3 жыл бұрын

@@griffinbird3000 Studies have shown fat is still protective and BMI was not made by a medical doctor. It is not the measure we should use to measure healthy weight even! It is NOT based on actual science and was never meant to be used that way

@everentropy 3 жыл бұрын

People are not "dying of obesity". Being fat doesn't kill people by itself and you can be completely healthy and be fat. For instance a study came out recently that people who are underweight fare WORSE when hospitalized with COVID. So why is being overweight not considered a health risk?

@RaynmanPlays 2 жыл бұрын

"We used to be able to make our own vitamin C, but we lost the gene for it." Pirates: "This is outrageous! It's unfair!"

@Homo_sAPEien Жыл бұрын

Kind of like how I lose my genes when I get in the shower.

@spicywonton9428 3 жыл бұрын

It’s like a video game equipping and discarding some items that give us buffs lmao

@michaelsoares8160 3 жыл бұрын

So what I’m hearing is we need to defragment our genomes because there’s a bunch of useless data on it 😝

@scienceface8884 3 жыл бұрын

Or start looking through broken code for medical breakthroughs. Also, the junk is a pretty good cushion in case you contract a retrovirus.

@tesconstamylo 3 жыл бұрын

Trust me junk DNA is much more important than the 1% encoding proteins!!! It's all about control and regulation

@cheesymac6732 3 жыл бұрын

Even useless DNA is useful and “defragmenting” specific DNA would be incredibly risky

@Iainttrynadoxxmyself 3 жыл бұрын

I’m keeping it. You never know. I might find something I want reactivated.

@devlandiablo 3 жыл бұрын

L. Warren Douglas wrote a book "Simply Human" that touches on this

@surajrshetty Жыл бұрын

Beautiful narrative! Thanks 🙏🏽

@alexia3552 2 жыл бұрын

I wonder if there's a gene for reabsorbing the uterine lining instead of having a period. Also, it would be cool if we could turn the "vitamin C" gene back on

@sheamusdavis8110 8 ай бұрын

CRISPER

@Leomoon101 3 жыл бұрын

Wow, genes are like computer files. I mean how many people can relate that they lost a file and have no backups to it.

@natchu96 3 жыл бұрын

Well it really is just a big pile of manufacturing programs. With the one flaw that the only way to write new code is to wait for the data to corrupt/erroneously duplicate while praying that what comes out of it actually runs.

@Leomoon101 3 жыл бұрын

@@natchu96 That’s one way of looking it.

@natchu96 3 жыл бұрын

@__-NeKceNoS-__ Run? Not really. ...write? corrupting your hard drive repeatedly until you get something useful is generally not an efficient idea.