The Maths of General Relativity (5/8) - Curvature

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ScienceClic English

ScienceClic English

3 жыл бұрын

In this series, we build together the theory of general relativity. This fifth video focuses on the notion of curvature, and the different tensors that are used to characterize it.
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Alessandro Roussel,
For more info: www.alessandroroussel.com/en

Пікірлер: 301
@mathdash4236
@mathdash4236 3 жыл бұрын
This is such a great channel, I hope to see you guys grow
@ScienceClicEN
@ScienceClicEN 3 жыл бұрын
Thanks :)
@Leo-iw1fi
@Leo-iw1fi 3 жыл бұрын
They are already big but in french 😁
@jeanduplessis2820
@jeanduplessis2820 3 жыл бұрын
An important point is that the formula at 7:55 is only valid for orthogonal coordinates(as stated), but the formula at 8:01 is true for any coordinate system and is the general definition.
@SachiN-Vishwakarm
@SachiN-Vishwakarm 7 ай бұрын
👍👌
@dritemolawzbks8574
@dritemolawzbks8574 3 жыл бұрын
It took years to understand General Relativity. I wish this was available a decade ago. I wonder if this type of material would be available if there were no lockdowns.
@lounesz.5156
@lounesz.5156 3 жыл бұрын
Why wouldn't it be available without the lockdown?
@maxholmes7884
@maxholmes7884 3 жыл бұрын
These videos have already been published over a year ago on the main ScienceClic channel over a year ago - in french dub though. So the majority of the work has already been done I believe.
@charlesbenca5357
@charlesbenca5357 3 жыл бұрын
It's was available in french berofe the english chanel started. It was before lockdown
@dritemolawzbks8574
@dritemolawzbks8574 3 жыл бұрын
@@lounesz.5156 I just noticed there have been many General Relativity educational videos created in 2020. Veritasium, PBS Spacetime, and Minute Physics have all created new videos on General Relativity. Even at Science Asylum there was a new video on tensors, but it may have been produced before the lockdowns.
@mahatmaniggandhi2898
@mahatmaniggandhi2898 2 жыл бұрын
based covid
@zhangalex734
@zhangalex734 3 жыл бұрын
No body: Physicists: Let's make learning GR harder by naming variables in such a way that they're indistinguishable when lecturing!
@aniksamiurrahman6365
@aniksamiurrahman6365 3 жыл бұрын
It's impossible to denote Tensors any other way. If you are a physics student, just know that there are much harder things in the world.
@APaleDot
@APaleDot 3 жыл бұрын
@@aniksamiurrahman6365 I think they were referring to "mu" and "nu". They could have easily named them something else.
@aniksamiurrahman6365
@aniksamiurrahman6365 3 жыл бұрын
@@APaleDot No matter what system u adapt, I believe they'll end up just as complex.
@APaleDot
@APaleDot 3 жыл бұрын
@@aniksamiurrahman6365 It has nothing to do with the complexity of the system. It's specifically about how the names of variables sound when spoken aloud.
@xiupsilon876
@xiupsilon876 3 жыл бұрын
@@APaleDot They're greek letters, and they are not pronounced like in the video. µ is pronounced "mi", and ν is pronounced "ni". Not really that important to distinguish them either, just need to know that they are indices. Anybody can mix them up or switch them out. Not like it's suddenly much harder just because the letters are similar. They don't matter that much.
@praveenbharadwaj8108
@praveenbharadwaj8108 3 жыл бұрын
You are doing a great work. The intuition behind the mathematics is really important.
@ScienceClicEN
@ScienceClicEN 3 жыл бұрын
Thanks ! I think so too :)
@mikip3242
@mikip3242 3 жыл бұрын
3 totally different concepts that make General Relativity a difficult subject: 1) We work in 4 dimensions. 2) The dimension of time has a totally different behavior than the spatial ones you learn geometry on. 3) This 4D space-time is not always flat but can be curved, and the curvature might be intrinsic (no need for a 5th dimension where the 4D space-time is embedded and curves). On top of all of this, you have to choose coordinates systems that might be as weird all the above concepts. These are all different ideas and all work together at the same time in General Relativity. Awesome work explaining some of this mind fuckery! You are an incredible educator.
@omargaber3122
@omargaber3122 3 жыл бұрын
The humanity says thank you.
@biblebot3947
@biblebot3947 3 жыл бұрын
Get rid of the “the”. Saying “the humanity” would be referring to being humane and not all people
@mahatmaniggandhi2898
@mahatmaniggandhi2898 2 жыл бұрын
@@biblebot3947 isnt it the opposite?
@skun406
@skun406 3 жыл бұрын
Those equations simply explode, it must be tedious to calculate by hand!
@mmoose3673
@mmoose3673 3 жыл бұрын
Yeah it's the kind of thing you only do once. Thankfully wolfram alpha lists all of these values related to several coordinate systems
@pythagorasaurusrex9853
@pythagorasaurusrex9853 3 жыл бұрын
It is! But it is worth and a good practice to calculate all those objects (metric tensor, Christoffel symbols, Riemann curvature tensor, Ricci tensor and Ricci scalar) by hand. It takes a while but this will teach your brain :)
@citizencj3389
@citizencj3389 2 жыл бұрын
You really need to understand Vector Calculus to get a conceptual grasp of Tensors because Tensors are extensions of vectors.
@roccofitel8970
@roccofitel8970 3 жыл бұрын
*Sees Premire Time.* Noooooooooo! This is an active Series! My mind was being blown and absolved all at the same time. I sincerely WISH this was available 15 years ago. It makes SOOOOOOO much sense. I can't stand it I'm ready to jump out of my own skin so many conceptual walls were being knocked down! I feel so tingly!
@guanxi99
@guanxi99 3 жыл бұрын
Best series on GR ever. Logically sequemced and concise explaination of key princples. I suddenly understood GR which I failed to do for decades. Many thx for that wonderful Christmas present!
@g3ncollaz
@g3ncollaz 3 жыл бұрын
2:14 Note that the upper arrow moved to the right keeps pointing to the same "who knows what" direction, and the lower arrow moved to the right does not have the same behavior.
@silverrahul
@silverrahul 3 жыл бұрын
One way to think about it is you are holding a stick pointed straight ahead from you ( lets say pointing straight ahead away from your nose ) and you keep walking. If you walk straight , then you keep holding it straight ahead. Now if you turn 90 degrees to the left, then instead of turning the stick along with you, you try to keep it as it was. So, once you have completed the turn , now the stick should be pointing away out of your right ear. Whenever you move , you just keep following this rule. That is parallel transport
@joluju2375
@joluju2375 2 жыл бұрын
@@silverrahul Nevertheless, as Collaz said, the upper and lower arrows move to the right in a different manner. More specifically, the upper arrow moves "parallel" to itself, but the lower didn't. That makes the comparison not very convincing since it's normal the resulting orientation is different. That said, perhaps the results would *also* have been differents if the arrows had moved in the same manner.
@silverrahul
@silverrahul 2 жыл бұрын
@@joluju2375 " _More specifically, the upper arrow moves "parallel" to itself, but the lower didn't. That makes the comparison not very convincing since it's normal the resulting orientation is different._ " That is the whole point. That the resulting orientation is different because of the different topology of the surface.
@johanpersson8156
@johanpersson8156 Жыл бұрын
@@silverrahul I stopped the video at this point since I’m siding with Jolulu on this one, perhaps there is an explanation further in in the video, but for now I can’t help myself from getting into the discussion. The lower arrow keeps the head pointed towards the “north pole” while the higher arrow keeps it angle intact relative to our perspective which makes it deviate from pointing towards the North Pole and instead pointing eastwards. I believe what is lacking is proper usage or visualization of geodesics vs curved lines. In the video, both arrows move upwards in a straight line (geodesic) while the sideways motion is not (can’t remember if the lower lateral movement is on the equator) or at least not the upper lateral movement. Point is, if you have two vectors on spherical coordinate system, moving the vectors in a straight lines only (geodesics) but in different orders like in the video should render the effect the video is supposed to demonstrate. Instead he is actually n o t moving the vectors in straight lines with the same angle in reversed orders, by not following a geodesic the lateral movement is actually curved. Meaning the lower vector is moving laterally in a straight line if on the equator or with a flatter curve compared to upper vector’s lateral movement if not on the equator.
@silverrahul
@silverrahul Жыл бұрын
@@johanpersson8156 I have no recollection what the discussion was. This was from 6 months ago.
@kshitishp3662
@kshitishp3662 3 жыл бұрын
Bro u are the only teacher I found in my whole life who can teach relativity to even a 10 std student..ur my favourite and love you bro...👍
@llamatown8160
@llamatown8160 2 жыл бұрын
std?
@mahatmaniggandhi2898
@mahatmaniggandhi2898 2 жыл бұрын
@@llamatown8160 sus
@brett_webber233
@brett_webber233 2 жыл бұрын
I'm in 7th grade and I can understand and work on general relativity problems.... I have studied quantum mechanics too.
@kshitishp3662
@kshitishp3662 2 жыл бұрын
@@brett_webber233 nice to hear
@HarpSeal
@HarpSeal Жыл бұрын
@@brett_webber233 can you do calculus as well?
@stevenschilizzi4104
@stevenschilizzi4104 3 жыл бұрын
Absolutely brilliant! Richard Feynman himself would have applauded, he who was so apt at explaining complex concepts in a clear and engaging way. It really makes you want to go back and listen to it again to make sure you understand every bit of it - at least, every bit of what’s presented. Thanks again for taking the trouble to make this effort - it sure isn’t wasted. Btw, The University of Western Australia has a program to bring Einstein’s Relativity to school kids (in high school), which seems to be quite successful. I am sure they will find these videos very useful.
@MyNameIsToGoHereNo
@MyNameIsToGoHereNo 3 жыл бұрын
I LOVE this video series so much! Can wait for the next installment. The visuals with your fantastic explanations help to demystify one of the most intimidating topics in all of physics.
@seanspartan2023
@seanspartan2023 3 жыл бұрын
Oh wow. I've never really understood curvature until now. Thank you!
@aniksamiurrahman6365
@aniksamiurrahman6365 3 жыл бұрын
Whoa! Calculus anyone?
@citizencj3389
@citizencj3389 2 жыл бұрын
@@aniksamiurrahman6365 Vector calculus
@antonios6405
@antonios6405 3 жыл бұрын
I consider these videos a great gift and I would like to express my gratitude. THANK YOU!
@ismaelcastillo188
@ismaelcastillo188 3 жыл бұрын
The quality of the Video is simply gorgeous. You've made such a good work
@ScienceClicEN
@ScienceClicEN 3 жыл бұрын
Thank you :)
@0callmeishmael0
@0callmeishmael0 2 жыл бұрын
Great material. The visual explanation of the Christoff symbols and Curvature Tensors are stunning, I already studied the math but this helped a lot into getting a "physical" grasp of the subject. Thanks so much for all the time and effort you put into this series of video .
@navneetmishra3208
@navneetmishra3208 3 жыл бұрын
I love this channel so much dude! WOW. Thanks for making such a great explanation with awesome animation. I have read a few concepts from the book but it's becoming more clear watching this! Thanks a lot. I can't wait for another video.
@rkirilov
@rkirilov 9 ай бұрын
Please, make more videos! They are indeed absolutely eye-opening and expand my horizons of knowledge immeasurably!
@michaelsatkevich153
@michaelsatkevich153 3 жыл бұрын
So clearly explained, it feels like I’m cheating somehow. I’m just starting to learn GR and I seem to have landed on the big ladder square of Chutes and Ladders. Thank you for making these videos! If anyone wants the curvature tensor deep dive, eigenchris does a great job also.
@robertforster8984
@robertforster8984 3 жыл бұрын
I love how you include the equations.
@RodrigoSilvaBarros
@RodrigoSilvaBarros 3 жыл бұрын
No words to describe it. Simply amazing your work.
@sylwiadrozd9899
@sylwiadrozd9899 2 жыл бұрын
THANK YOU. I LOVE EVERYTHING OF YOUR VIDEO CONTENT AND YOUR VOICE. LOTS OF BEST QUALITY MATERIAL SUPPORTED BY CLEAR EXPLANATION, IT IS SUCH A PLEASURE, THANKS FOR SHARING YOUR KNEWLEDGE AND PASSION OF PHYSICS WITH US!!!
@pythagorasaurusrex9853
@pythagorasaurusrex9853 3 жыл бұрын
Outstanding! I read so much and watched so much videos about R, but you are the first to simplify that concept to make it understandable for me :)
@Manusmusic
@Manusmusic 3 жыл бұрын
Thank you for making me able to follow more complex ideas with visual presentations
@lucaspimentell9772
@lucaspimentell9772 2 жыл бұрын
This is best science channel in YT... you deserve a special plate.... every vid is a masterpiece!!!!
@angelan9672
@angelan9672 3 жыл бұрын
just wanted to say great job with this series! i'm in high school and find your explanations amazingly clear and cohesive. keep doing what you're doing, we really appreciate it!
@ScienceClicEN
@ScienceClicEN 3 жыл бұрын
Thank you very much, it's great that in highschool you're already interested in such topics !
@petehoffs8804
@petehoffs8804 3 жыл бұрын
Really cool, such clear explanations and the animations help with understanding concepts more intuitively
@nezv71
@nezv71 3 жыл бұрын
Super excited to get to the EFE's. Keep up the great work! This channel will hit viewer critical mass soon enough
@imagine.o.universo
@imagine.o.universo 3 жыл бұрын
Hello I am a bachelor and this was the first time I formally study general relativity. I can say that your work helped me a lot! It was brilliant! I believe this is the best material on the internet to explore the concepts behind this subject.
@rohithsudarshan6524
@rohithsudarshan6524 3 жыл бұрын
Great series! One suggestion I’d make is to include the interesting history behind the discovery of each of the concepts. And maybe a few links for “further reading” too
@TheLazyVideo
@TheLazyVideo Жыл бұрын
I would absolutely love if you’d do a similar episode on Weyl curvature! I understand Ricci curvature but I’m struggling with intuitively understanding Weyl curvature.
@mxk1000
@mxk1000 3 жыл бұрын
Even though it's so hard to grasp and understand... I didn't skip evn one second throughout this series.... Just because of your way of teaching!!!!
@jimlbeaver
@jimlbeaver 3 жыл бұрын
You are doing a great job with this series
@dylanparker130
@dylanparker130 2 жыл бұрын
First video I've seen on this channel - fantastic stuff!
@AgustinusLaw
@AgustinusLaw 3 жыл бұрын
This is dope! Looking forward to the rest!
@StratosFair
@StratosFair 3 жыл бұрын
Simply fantastic, can't wait for the following videos
@ianshepard8631
@ianshepard8631 3 жыл бұрын
Coming from a programer's background and very interested in the sciences, I would love to see someone (or myself if I find the time) create a program that you could manipulate the fabric of spacetime and see how that your changes in the inputs would affect an object in the output. Something like KSP I suppose... but you can change the fabric of spacetime.
@tornadospin9
@tornadospin9 3 жыл бұрын
As a high school student watching this, I don't necessarily understand the math. I understand the math and notation in small pieces of equations but when woven together, it is beyond my current understanding due to my limited knowledge in math. However, though I may not see the fine details in the mathematics, I understand how each piece of the equations (like the metric tensor and the Ricci tensor) plays a role in the motion of objects and the general ideas being set forwards. It is very hard to craft lessons and explanations in that way, where both experts and novices get something out of it, but you have done it perfectly. You are incredible and I can't wait to see more! Have a great day and keep up the fantastic work!
@maus3454
@maus3454 3 жыл бұрын
Absolutely a fantastic series about all the ins and outs of General Relativity. Probably the best I have seen sofar. Modern computer graphics make it easier to understand. Well done!!!!!
@ScienceClicEN
@ScienceClicEN 3 жыл бұрын
Thank you ! Glad you like it :)
@morbidmanatee5550
@morbidmanatee5550 3 жыл бұрын
About ready to dive into my old copy of Thorne and Wheeler Gravitation for bedtime stories! This series is a fun reference of visualization.
@9146rsn
@9146rsn 3 жыл бұрын
A small suggestion, since we can safely assume, the audience of this content are going to be familiar with fundamentals of calculus, and you people are know how to lucidly show concepts, it would be great if you could include a video explaining the math behind the formula derivations!
@justinjames577
@justinjames577 2 жыл бұрын
Seshnag R follow prof Leonard susskind if you want to learn the mathematics behind these nice explanations
@albasitdanoon7211
@albasitdanoon7211 3 жыл бұрын
Perfectly and succinctly explained, thank you.
@Handelsbilanzdefizit
@Handelsbilanzdefizit 3 жыл бұрын
But in curved space, the christoffels, riemann tensor, ricci tensor, ... variate by position. And the postion itself is a function of pathlenght (or proper-time). So if you really want to calculate lightpaths, you have to completely write out and solve the geodetic Differential Equation: d² x(τ)^i/dτ² = - Γ(x(τ))^i_uv dx(τ)^u/dτ dx(τ)^v/dτ --> And solve for the functions x(τ)^j that give you the position-coordinates at every given time (lightpaths). So, here's my question: Abusing Tensorflow2.x with multiple nvidia-gpu support, is it possible to make relativistic raytracing in realtime? A gameengine that could calculate bended lightpaths around massive objects and disturbed spacetime. Looking around corners, looking to the past, simulate Warpfields, and so on ...
@ScienceClicEN
@ScienceClicEN 3 жыл бұрын
Raytracing in realtime is impossible at the moment, but it can be done with some approximations in certain specific situations. Check out my personal channel "Alessandro Roussel", I am developing an algorithm to do some realtime relativistic "raytracing" around black holes (it's not really raytracing as my algorithm gets rid of integrals, but the maths that are involved are doing the raytracing in a way)
@user-ls9yz5wt1j
@user-ls9yz5wt1j Жыл бұрын
Really short and well visualized explanation
@3dgar7eandro
@3dgar7eandro 4 ай бұрын
This gets Crazy complex but exponentially more interesting 🧐🤔 Thanks for simplifying and explaining to us so well such a fundamental topic.👏👏👌🤓😁
@MusicEngineeer
@MusicEngineeer 3 жыл бұрын
these visualizations and explanations are really great!
@ScienceClicEN
@ScienceClicEN 3 жыл бұрын
Thanks !
@ManojChoudhury99
@ManojChoudhury99 3 жыл бұрын
This is one of the best way to teach Hope if u can even cover black hole curvature and other possible curvatures
@jacquesmouton428
@jacquesmouton428 6 ай бұрын
This one particularly was awesome🎉 Keep up the good work👍
@mcgnms
@mcgnms 3 жыл бұрын
Once you're finished this outstanding series, can you make some really in-depth videos about black holes? From a general relativity perspective?
@gautomdeka581
@gautomdeka581 3 жыл бұрын
Never seen such a Great explaination in KZfaq you are the one , thank you very much
@j1sh109
@j1sh109 2 жыл бұрын
Sir I tried learning gtr now for atleast 2 months and were not getting anywhere, these vids are mind blowing. I could completely follow the concepts now, thank you a lot.
@KillianDefaoite
@KillianDefaoite 3 жыл бұрын
I can't wait for the next few videos in this series.
@aasaimanis2137
@aasaimanis2137 3 жыл бұрын
Good work guys❤️❤️ Thanks for such a great video ❤️
@benjaminhinz2552
@benjaminhinz2552 3 жыл бұрын
So fun. During this video, when he explained curvature and the "R", I suddenly understood what they mean when they say "is the universe flat or spherical". Keep up the good work.
@isaacsaxton-knight7708
@isaacsaxton-knight7708 3 жыл бұрын
I've been waiting patiently all week for this, and I'm not used to that delayed gratification but damn is it good
@ViciousViscount
@ViciousViscount 3 жыл бұрын
Fantastic accent, fantastic visuals, fantastic explanations. Fantastic channel.
@johnwilr
@johnwilr 2 жыл бұрын
Your explanations are beautiful...thanks!
@happyhayot
@happyhayot Жыл бұрын
Wow, it requires someone brilliant to make something complex seem so obvious. Awesome stuff.
@ednorton3026
@ednorton3026 3 жыл бұрын
To say you do an excellent job would be a grosse understatement !!!
@nikolasgrafvonstillfried-r1259
@nikolasgrafvonstillfried-r1259 Жыл бұрын
Bro I study math and your channel is insaneeeeee keep up the work, you helped me out alot
@JakobWierzbowski
@JakobWierzbowski 3 жыл бұрын
Great Video! Thank you. At last, time drawn on the horizontal axis. Way more convenient than the standard representation :)
@HUEHUEUHEPony
@HUEHUEUHEPony 3 жыл бұрын
Oh I wish you could be more formal with the math, I mean on another series. But for easy digesting, this is already great.
@digdug6515
@digdug6515 3 жыл бұрын
My head hurts 😂
@abhijithcpreej
@abhijithcpreej 3 жыл бұрын
Same. But thinking of R tensor as a tool and not something physics helps a bit
@depressedguy9467
@depressedguy9467 Жыл бұрын
@@abhijithcpreej go for weyl tensor
@abhirambhat9277
@abhirambhat9277 Жыл бұрын
That's a necessary condition before understanding GR
@gooberclown
@gooberclown 4 күн бұрын
Take a Ricci aspirin.
@fullfungo4476
@fullfungo4476 3 жыл бұрын
Great video series! However, it does leave me with a couple of questions. It would be nice to know how and why we choose the indices for the Ricci tensor from the Riemann tensor for higher dimensions. In 1+1 dimensions, it is somewhat easy to see why we choose the ones you stated. If you simply see which ones are 0, and which ones are the opposites of each other, it becomes obvious. However, the particular choice from a +/- pair is still a mystery to me.
@micheledepalo3619
@micheledepalo3619 Жыл бұрын
Perfect videos. My congratulations!
@carlosgarcia3341
@carlosgarcia3341 3 жыл бұрын
Simply wonderful, ScienceClic. Thanks. Stay safe of Covid.
@chinchi4293
@chinchi4293 3 жыл бұрын
Awesom channel and very good video. But I would wish an extra Video about co- and contravariant representation of vectors and 5he coordinate transformation associated with it because it seems that students in physics sometimes swap its mathematical meaning. Good work.
@mistermanoj3181
@mistermanoj3181 2 жыл бұрын
So grateful for this explanation.🙏🏼
@mgb495
@mgb495 3 жыл бұрын
I was today years old when I finally found a video series that explains the math AND application of GR!
@user-pd1xt6yy9y
@user-pd1xt6yy9y 3 жыл бұрын
Very great and simple, really thank you.
@leeholzer4989
@leeholzer4989 3 жыл бұрын
I can't believe I am starting to understand GR even slightly, thanks a lot!
@paulmccaffrey2985
@paulmccaffrey2985 3 жыл бұрын
Ah--this makes sense. Thank you for explaining this clearly.
@schoobydooby
@schoobydooby 3 жыл бұрын
great content!
@beyondsyllabus954
@beyondsyllabus954 3 жыл бұрын
Can't thank you enough. I quit PhD some years back. Trying to get back to Physics. Needless to say that these are invaluable. Does anybody know similar series for Quantum Field Theory?
@lucasf.v.n.4197
@lucasf.v.n.4197 3 жыл бұрын
u did a great job, congrats from brazil
@emin62bek
@emin62bek 3 жыл бұрын
Great Channel, keep up the Great work
@ScienceClicEN
@ScienceClicEN 3 жыл бұрын
Thanks !
@ale8088
@ale8088 3 жыл бұрын
Thanks Sir for your wonderful videos, Wow! So in curve space although path is differentiable doesn't hold for vectors the analogous of Schwarz theorem for scalar fields: therefore to take into account variation of the bases vectors, that depends on path chosen, we need to compute Christoffel's symbols?
@czajnikzaglady6412
@czajnikzaglady6412 3 жыл бұрын
Great job guys, again ;)
@kabinkos
@kabinkos 3 жыл бұрын
Never thought I would be able to get mathematics behind General Relativity :) 👍👍
@asifalamgir5135
@asifalamgir5135 3 жыл бұрын
Awesome video!
@No-oneInParticular
@No-oneInParticular 3 жыл бұрын
Fascinating. Makes perfect sense. But it is clearly a century old. There is about to be a new description of physical reality that will take the next leap into re-framing into an even more elegant model. This is well done, but it is not the finish line.
@abdenourld8176
@abdenourld8176 3 жыл бұрын
Really good video ,thank you
@theboombody
@theboombody 2 жыл бұрын
Infinitely better than anything I've seen in a graduate level textbook or in Wikipedia.
@richardfeynman556
@richardfeynman556 3 жыл бұрын
Thank Q so much . A thousands thanks to you
@pritamroy3766
@pritamroy3766 2 жыл бұрын
Hi, @ScienceClic English, amazing video and explanation bro. I'm very much benefitted I have a question, if the coordinate is non-orthogonal what will be then ricci scalar value in each case ? 1) space is flat, 2) space is negatively curved 3) space is positively curved
@justinjames577
@justinjames577 2 жыл бұрын
you're so fantastic sir thanks much for nice lesson
@vitovittucci9801
@vitovittucci9801 3 жыл бұрын
The Rieman tensor can be seen as a sum of the second derivative of the g-values (g'') along a circuitation : if the g-values are constant R=0. You showed that this is the case of the Minkowski flat space-time. However we can have positive g'' and negative g'' balancing each other in some points of the circuitation. Eventually is always R =0. Which would be the geometry of space-time in this case ? Going down to a 3D surface is this the case of a conical surface?In this case two geodetics will meet towards the vertex ? Thank you.
@millennialpoet1129
@millennialpoet1129 3 жыл бұрын
waiting for the rest of the lecture/videos.
@markuspfeifer8473
@markuspfeifer8473 2 жыл бұрын
Commuting diagrams! Category theory! I love it :)
@AstroFluid
@AstroFluid 3 жыл бұрын
at 9:10 , it's important to comment that two particles will not come towards each other because of the test particle limit. People might get confused and ask.. "what about their mutual gravitation?"
@nmarbletoe8210
@nmarbletoe8210 3 жыл бұрын
if there is gravitation then it's not flat Minkowski space any more
@SuperMenders
@SuperMenders 3 жыл бұрын
amazing!
@supranshmurty8073
@supranshmurty8073 2 жыл бұрын
Why in god's good name do you always have to blow my mind at the end of the video???
@MrJorjantas
@MrJorjantas 3 жыл бұрын
Beautiful!!!!!!!!
@adamb7088
@adamb7088 3 жыл бұрын
I don't know what it is but this sure helps me understand MTW a lot more.
@9146rsn
@9146rsn 3 жыл бұрын
Become a big Fan of your content - Alessandro Roussel, a name i will remember :)
@whovikrantsingh
@whovikrantsingh Жыл бұрын
Brilliant expression.
@owen7185
@owen7185 Жыл бұрын
Thank you very much
@DanSternofBeyer
@DanSternofBeyer 3 жыл бұрын
I would love to know more about why there are 16 Riemann curvature components. What is the significance of the 90d angle that is the basis of the 16 permutations? Why do vector transpositions always take 90d or straight paths? Or, is the length of the path and the angle irrelevant when determining the resulting Ricci curvature? (I never took this math, but I like it. Thanks for bearing with me.)
@johningles1098
@johningles1098 3 жыл бұрын
The vector transpositions are along the basis vectors of the space. (i.e. in the direction of the derivatives of the basis vectors) There is no need to the basis vectors to be 90 degrees (ortogonal). It all depends on what coordinate system is chose to span the space.
@ARBB1
@ARBB1 3 жыл бұрын
The 16 components is a consequence of mapping 4D spacetime on a matrix. The rows and columns each encode one temporal and three spatial components, and so 4*4=16 total matrix components.
@ScienceClicEN
@ScienceClicEN 3 жыл бұрын
There are 16 components in 2D, because a component of the Riemann tensor corresponds to : - a choice of basis vector (2 possibilities) - a choice of coordinate to transport along (2 possibilities) - a choice for another coordinate to transport along (2 possibilities) - a choice of component to express the vector R (2 possibilities) So this yields 2*2*2*2=16 possibilities. If we have 4 coordinates (in a 4D spacetime in particular) then this would be 4*4*4*4=256. So the Riemann tensor always have N⁴ components, where N is the dimension of the surface on which we calculate it. The vectors are transported along the coordinates that we choose. The coordinates are completely arbitrary, it's just a grid that we draw on the surface. So we can choose the axis to be perpendicular or not, it's arbitrary. That's the great power of this formalism : everything works regardless of the grid we use.
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