New cells form through division of parent cells already there!
These become two daughter cells which identical genomes share!
Cell division is part of the cell cycle, with four phases,
G1, S, G2, and M, are the sequential stages!
The cell cycle involves cell growth, chromosome replication,
As well as chromosome segregation, and cell division!
And put together the first three phases are called interphase!
The DNA and chromosomes duplicate during S phase!
Mitosis, or nuclear division, occurs during cell division!
Mitosis has 5 stages, which occur with great precision!
The five stages include prophase, prometaphase, metaphase,
Followed by anaphase, and then finally there’s telophase!
During prophase, the chromosomes condense and become distinct!
Each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids, linked!
Meanwhile outside the nucleus, the mitotic spindle assembles,
Between two centrosomes, the chromosome-moving essentials!
The nuclear envelope breaks down at prometaphase’s start!
Chromosomes attach to microtubules by kinetochores and depart!
Now we come to metaphase, and the chromosomes are aligned,
Along the spindle’s equator, here end to end they are lined!
Thanks to microtubules, to which the sister chromatids latch,
These microtubules to opposite poles of the spindle attach!
During anaphase, kinetochore microtubules are shortened!
Spindle poles move apart, daughter chromatids are transported!
This synchronized sister chromatid separation, my friend,
Results in a set of daughter chromosomes at each end!
Now the last stage of mitosis, called telophase, can commence!
Daughter chromosome sets arrive at spindle poles and decondense!
Nuclear envelopes assemble, to make the genomes discrete,
Two nuclei are formed and then mitosis is complete!
Next is cytokinesis which is cytoplasm division!
Initiation, contraction, membrane insertion, completion!
Actin and myosin filaments a deep furrow create!
This contractile ring is what gets cells to separate!
The ring contracts and an intercellular bridge forms at the divide
Made of cell membrane which intracellular vesicles provide!
At the bridge’s center, something called the midbody is found,
Where the interpolar microtubule leftovers still abound!
Now packed in dense matrix material at the spindle midzone!
Abscission or final cleaving of two daughter cells is shown!