And what's most impressive about that is that this is a fairly recent doc (5 yrs, at time of commenting), when the pressures to present a particular narrative one way or another are particularly...insistent.

“..The best..”.? ..At Lying, perhaps… But NASA or the CIA takes the Prize there..😂

Very worrisom, for the whole world.

Massive badaboom coming, only question of when. I would move out of there right now.

At this volcano that ground deformation is very normal

Frontline and Nature too

The best of left TV?

Yes!

@@johngrant4470 no left or right about Nova, if you're talking politics

@@EternalEyeofRa So true 👍 Let's not forget them. My bad. 😉

I would move to place I could sleep without worry. I don't want gambling my family life.

Some point out that it might have killed out what was left of the Neanderthals.

They didn't because it doesn't actually qualify as a "supervolcano", and the term isn't really meaningful anyways. To qualify as a supervolcano, a volcano must have produced at least 1 VEI (Volcanic Explosivity Index) eruption of an 8. The VEI scale goes from 0, with no or minimal explosive activity, often producing just lava flows an to 8 producing more than 1,000 cubic kilometers (km^3) of tephra. Tephra is any solid (once cooled) explosive eruption product, including ash and pumice and even broken chunks of the mountain that get explosively ejected. A VEI 8 is beyond anything human history has encountered and would likely generate an intense volcanic winter, as the low 7's humans have witnessed all did. (VEI 7 is 100 to 999 km^3 tephra production.) Mt St Helens in 1980 was a low 5, with just over 1km^3 of tephra. The huge eruption in early 2022 in the south pacific at Hunga Tonga Hunga Ha'apai that produced a Pacific-wide tsunami and an explosion so loud it was heard in Alaska was a high VEI 5, maybe a low 6. It isn't conclusively determined which yet. (And sadly, the news of this huge, impactful and historic eruption was quickly overshadowed by the even more historic and impactful Russian invasion of Ukraine a month later.) So, what's the largest eruption produced by Campi Flagrei? Well, it was a VEI 7, with around 500km^3 tephra generated. Huge, but only half the size it would need to be called a supervolcano. But the term supervolcano isn't particularly useful anyways. There are many large caldera system volcanoes like Campi Flagrei, and only a few have produced a VEI 8 eruption, but they are all extremely hazardous. In addition, there's a big overlap between the largest eruptions from "normal" volcanoes and the colossal eruptions *sometimes* produced by supervolcanoes. In fact, the last volcanic winter humanity experienced did not come from a supervolcano - it was from Tambora in 1815, causing 1816 to be gripped by a volcanic winter and called "the year without a summer." In fact, even the 'infamous' Yellowstone that is the subject of many videos and docudramas meant to scare more than educate, erupts a lot more often than its super eruptions. It actually averages out to an eruption about every 60,000 years, and most of these are not particularly explosive - a vent opens up, there's minor explosive activity (possibly from groundwater interaction), and a big sticky rhyolite lava flow squeezes out of the ground. This is why geologists call these volcanoes caldera systems instead. It describes their behavior better than the term supervolcano, which is a term that was used once in a geology paper in the 1960s to make fun of the idea of a certain cluster of volcanoes with similar behavior actually being one volcano. (Later study discovered that cluster of volcanoes shares a deep crustal magma source, but have separate shallow magma plumbing systems.) The media found out about the term sometime in the 90s and it sounds scary, so they ran with it. Geologists then adopted the term only because the public already had, and language is for communicating even if the origin of a term or phrase is really stupid.

I don't feel the designation is really indisputable. However, that Campi is one dangerous volcano is beyond question.

@@Lessinath finally someone gets it about Yellowstone

@@geri8666 I agree, it is a very dangerous volcano. Even a VEI 2 or 3 with no warning there could kill thousands of people.

Agreed 💯 percent.

I hope you get to visit Pompeii some day.

@@Marco90731 Sure hope it's quick. I have heard it turns the brain to geletin. ☹️

BB

Have you watched the documentary about the fate of Pompei's sister city Herculaneum? It's title is Herculaneum a fate worse than Pompei.

There was no doubt that serious tremors and quakes had occurred quite often. I read that earthquake repairs were in progress at the time of the 79 AD eruption.

It happened over a full day, then again overnight, they had notice. Some couldn’t leave, like slaves. I think this doco is overly dramatic and all these bot comments about this channel being ‘amazing’ are so odd

There's always magnetic shifts

I ain't even follow them and I'm here already somehow

I'm " better late that ever " lady.

Captain Kangaroo and Great Space Coaster

321 Contact is the answer!!

@@accidentalheadclunkers8517😂😂

Washington State is beautiful, but I couldn't live there; I'd be too afraid of the Cascadia Fault. It's been quiet for a long time, but the next time that thing ruptures, WA isn't going to look so beautiful anymore.

I think people who made a decision to leave early on stood a chance of making it out of there. However, it seems to be human nature that we want to "wait and see." You can't always wait for more information in catastrophic situations. Waiting too long to make a decision can take your life and those of your family.

Artifacts like the baked bread, and really the whole area of Pompeii and Herculaneum, remind us those former residents were just like us. People engaged in everyday life of working, trading, just making a living. Then suddenly gone.

Not odd. Just dumb.

Oh man I've been to that museum twice and was NOT disappointed! Awesome exhibits there. And yeah I was thinking the same thing, like "I guess if I want to see all the cool sites in Italy, I should go soon..."

Geologists here. When talking to the general public, I'll often include a compelling story or a bit of drama just to keep people a bit more engaged. It also helps to ask people questions, as most people cannot absorb information for an hour continuously without breaks or some kind of feedback. (Basic lecture structure helps too. It should be to tell them what you're going to tell them, tell them, and then tell them what you told them.)

That’s a big change. I don’t think I could ever move back to Brooklyn.

@@LilyGazou I moved back to be closer to my brother, it’s easier and more possible to pay $29 than $900 to get to Boston. I’m in the Coney Island neighborhood and it’s ok. Next week I gotta dye my hair for the mermaid parade, not gonna be in it but it’s time to have fun.

🌋🌋

Yes. Drones could fly in to test things.

Did you listen to the description? There were only voids left in the rocks where bodies had once been. Researchers poured plaster into those voids to create casts showing what the bodies looked like when they died. It's far easier to visualize their poses when they are casts, rather than looking at the empty space. If there had still been bones inside those rocks, I am certain that archaeologists would've removed the bones rather than pouring plaster all over them.

Would you like a gold star or something?

It says feb 20, 2019 at the start- I’m just glad they post them for free even if it’s years later.

@@sharimeline3077 Yes! =)

Use closed caption 👍🏼

I read this before I got to that part..I wanna use it too..😂

In future, drones can do that and upload live.

Well, they probably didn’t not know what was going on. It was 79 A.D..

Would have to be made out of components/material able to withstand the immense heat, a normal one would melt quick

True, I wonder what kind of material could be used so that it would withstand the heat while also staying light enough tk fly and have a good battery life.

@JustIcelandic is worth checking out. He uses his drones to get volcano footage in Iceland!

No, its not that simple. Much like Cascadia, the volcanoes in Italy result from a subduction zone in the East (rather then west). The fault is NOT simple either and varies regionally. There's a great documentary on Amazon Prime that explores the geology of Italy. Campi Flegrei is a super volcano so the theory that this is a hot spot volcano. The question with Vesuvius is whether its feed from subduction or an offshoot of Campi Flegrei or both.

Lots of empty towns inland.

It looks so beautiful.

I would assume most people at that time did not know that some mountains explode. There were probably no eruptions in living memory. Stratovolcanoes like Vesuvius can be silent for centuries.

It's possible that they mostly knew, since Mount Aetna has been in continuous eruption for centuries & that's within the old Roman Empire borders. There's Santorini, as well. Italy is chock full of multiple volcanoes, so it would surprise me if the Romans weren't familiar with the possibility.

Yes, stability issues. Also visual monitoring is important as we see things that drones don't pick up on. Drones melt and can be dramatically impacted by winds and other gases.

They have to get the samples of gas at the exit of the fumarole pretty much in person to get the best samples, as it's at the base of a cliff. Hard to fly a drone in there.

*Campi Flegrei

If you can't outrun it there's nothing you can do, luckily it takes time for the ash column to come crashing down so hopefully you can get far enough away before it does.

Pray.

@@chadatchison145 What if you duck down real low?

The same thing you do when you see a tsunami wave.

I think If you pump water into a volcano the magma would just form a “cork” and build up more pressure. What do y’all think?

@@Sunweaver593 i’m sure you’re right, but that’s where drilling an alternative route for magma to flow would come in. Essentially having a bunch of exhaust valves for the magma to flow to the ocean or a reserve where it could be cooled. The idea behind it is to essentially vent the gases and the magma so that pressure doesn’t build up in the chamber and cause a huge explosion. I understand that this is a huge undertaking and it would take many years to accomplish. But the alternative is something like the volcano blowing in Yellowstone and killing pretty much everybody on earth. through exposure with the people who are in a 500 mile radius and then through the atmosphere with the dust. Which would last for decades. Drowning sunlight, and eventually existence on earth. At least until it settled. And then we have a planet that is pretty much starting from scratch. With the remnants of what we once built standing in the background of what now is.

Trying to drill vents would do more harm than good by destabilizing the magma chamber & triggering an eruption instead. When it comes to a supervolcano like Campi Flegri, depending on how the magma chamber is situated, volume & type of magma, even a smaller scale eruption could trigger a super eruption.

@@deannacallahan2579 OK, educate me about this. Because I’ve never heard this before. Because to me, the reason volcano erupts is because of pressure that build up that can’t sustain itself within the confines of the area that it is contained in. Which is why I don’t understand why relieving that pressure on a constant basis would destabilize the volcano. You would think that would keep it at an even keel. So that doesn’t build up, with nowhere to go.

​@MakeLifeExtraordinary , have you ever shook up a soda, opened it, and then try to put your thumb over it to stop it? It's kind of the same thing, the pressure is so great that there is no way to relieve it or stop it, it would be like trying to contain the explosion of 1000's of nuclear bombs all at once.

Chanel Nice perfume

Those are carbonized loaves found inside commercial ovens.

An d do what?