The process of manufacturing a mobile AMOLED (Active-Matrix Organic Light-Emitting Diode) display involves several complex steps. Here is a general overview of the process:
Substrate preparation: The process begins with the preparation of a glass substrate. The glass is cleaned and polished to remove impurities and ensure a smooth surface.
Thin-film transistor (TFT) fabrication: A layer of thin-film transistors is deposited on the substrate using techniques such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or physical vapor deposition (PVD). The TFTs act as switches, controlling the individual pixels on the display.
Deposition of organic layers: Organic materials, including organic semiconductors and organic light-emitting materials, are deposited on top of the TFT layer. These organic layers emit light when an electric current passes through them.
Encapsulation layer: To protect the organic layers from moisture and oxygen, an encapsulation layer is applied. This layer can be made of various materials, such as glass or a flexible barrier film.
Color filter layer: A color filter layer is added to create the desired colors on the display. This layer contains sub-pixels of red, green, and blue (RGB) colors, which combine to produce a full-color image.
Thin-film encapsulation (TFE): In some cases, a thin-film encapsulation layer is applied instead of a traditional encapsulation layer. TFE layers use thin films of inorganic materials to protect the organic layers and improve the display's lifespan.
Testing and inspection: After the manufacturing process, the display panels undergo extensive testing and inspection to ensure they meet quality standards. This includes checking for defects, pixel uniformity, color accuracy, and overall functionality.
Panel assembly: Once the individual panels are tested and approved, they are assembled into complete display modules. This involves attaching driver integrated circuits (ICs), connectors, and other necessary components.
Quality control and calibration: The assembled display modules undergo further quality control and calibration to optimize their performance. This includes adjusting color balance, brightness levels, and ensuring uniformity across the display.
Final assembly: The display modules are integrated into the mobile device's housing, along with other components like touch sensors, camera modules, and circuit boards, to complete the final product.
It's important to note that the specific manufacturing process may vary slightly depending on the manufacturer, the type of AMOLED display (e.g., flexible or rigid), and other factors. Additionally, the process described above provides a simplified overview, and each step involves more intricate sub-processes and technologies.