Have you ever thought about using a fork? The audio might be easier to pick up.

They stuck to the rivers because that's the only practical mode of transport in a heavily forested world. Much like Native peoples in the Americas stuck to waterways. More specifically rivers that were navigable by boat.

Funfact: a traditional village farmhouse in Hungary, the "porta" still has a linear structure, tipically the house being perpendicular to the street and usually built on the border of one's plot, with an attached veranda along the whole house, overlooking the "side"yard, where the dogs and poultry are let to roam free or cars/carriages are stored (or various junk of the "we'll use it later" kind 😂). Workshops, stables, storehouses may be attached to the Greathouse or built on the opposite side of the yard. Behind all of this depending of the size of the land may be veg garden, fruittree orchard, grapewine or even extensive shrubbery of various berry fruits (Knights of Ni had to be hired separately).

Longhouses were no different than other houses. It was location, location, location. LHRA - LongHouse Realators Association

This is right now one of the best channels on historical youtube.

YES. Excited to watch this tomorrow as a hungover mess

I once heard that the expansion by the Norse was also driven in part by a similar "less-established younger sibling" mechanism. I bought into it. It was good to see that illustrated here.

May your plastic spoon using , knowledgeable, and incredibly self see it into the new year in good health and happiness! 🙂

You are the nice man who talks into plastic spoons! Happy New Year.

I love watching these vids and learning about how our ancestors survived day to day living . Many years ago after finishing schooling and before I joined the workforce I wanted to see what it would be like “living off the land” and having only myself to rely on. I took with me everything that the twentieth century had , tools, shelter, clothing, medicine etc and WOW was it hard work just to stay alive, even with all my gear I still wasn’t properly equipped knowledge wise (so be warned), my only saving grace was that I knew when to quit. Even though my parents choose to call the experience a positive influence on my life I saw the whole thing as a complete failure cos I spent nearly a month recovering and building my strength and weight back up. Now though after many years have passed and I sit in my nice big centrally heated home watching these vids I realise something I had forgotten about for many years and thought it worth sharing with you all. You show on yr vids many different landscapes and sceneries when talking about our ancestors and I look at these scenes with a slightly different take than most of yr viewers cos I remember what it was like having to rely totally on oneself and one of the main things is that it’s sooo important not to injure yourself and I can imagine our ancestors thought the same . When I see these landscapes I immediately look at how tricky the terrain is underfoot , a twisted ankle could be fatal, so one tends to pick a route out with ones eyes (this often isn’t a simple straight line) and one tends to scan the area directly infront of yourself and also pick out your next 20paces or so . This became second nature to me even whilst hunting I was always watching my step. I would try and keep well clear of grasses more than ankle high as it wasn’t worth the risk of twisting your ankle in an animals burrow etc. I can imagine my ancestors doing the same as me (looking at the floor 90% of the time), but also having to deal with ambush animals that saw Them as dinner . A couple more things that are relevant , I soon learned to get a fire going long before dark, Always have a stash of dry wood , it’s better to keep some food and discard it when you make a fresh kill rather than go without, you will be surprised how long that you can keep yr meat edible . Trust me you burn a lot, a very lot of calories just surviving and lastly look after yr feet, they can be yr best friend or worst enemy, let them dry out, rub them, pamper them, take care of them or you will pay a price and that price could be extreme . Anyway these are just a few things that I came across, just imagine what else our ancestors also had to endure , not just to survive like me but to also prosper, my hat goes off to our ancestors, they put up with and overcome many obstacles that I simply couldn’t even with all my 20th century equipment , oops one thing I forgott to mention was that when I went to bed at night I cannot portray the joy I felt if I wasn’t hungry, if I was dry, and if I was warm then I was ecstatic , it is so surprising that when you have nothing then the smallest joys turn into the biggest grin you’ve ever had. Take Care . R .

Time travel hit list jokes got me good! Literally lol’ed! And now for some reason, any time I see a person with a microphone clipped to a plastic spoon I think “yes, this is correct. Clearly this is a man of culture.” THANK YOU FOR THE NEW VID ON THE NEW YEAR!!! Here’s to your channel blowing up to the degree it deserves in 2020!!!

This reminds me of what’s happening to Amish people today. The elder son gets the farm. The other sons have to figure something else out. If they want to maintain an agrarian lifestyle, they need land. That’s why a lot of Amish are moving from the Midwest into areas in the American West. They can’t do as much farming there, but they can still raise animals and sell them. Particularly, they have found a niche market for breeding and selling saddle horses. However, if they were restricted to raising crops only, they would be out of luck. Before anyone jumps all over me, I am in no way suggesting that Amish people would become cannibals.😉

Interesting. Although I find a contradiction between the « older brother » hypothesis and the fact that the houses lasted only one generation. In any case, I feel archeologists jump very quickly on explanations that include class war. Everywhere agriculture developed, it needed a high dose of collaboration and the long houses were usually extended family. As for the massacres, it could be that desperate hunters discovered them and realized what an easy booty they made

Love your drawings for those thumbnails, do you make them yourself?

Stefan Milo, love your content. Suggestion/request... always when people talk about early human history (Stone age and prior) in Europe or anywhere else, what is the context of the environment? Was there any mega fauna left during this period? Obviously Aurox and Euro bison, wolves and deer, but any mammoths? Cave Lions? Etc? Was this an interglacial period? We're Neanderthals already gone? For the layman of us that don't know all the dates of exictions and epocs, it's hard to thread this info into the bigger picture/time frame

"clear cut evidence of cannibalism" is one hellava pun. My mom would've told you to go sit in the bad boy chair.

Just ordered The First Farmers of Europe. Looks awesome.

I got really hyped up about this channel when I watched the Sumerian grave - human sacrifice video. Keep up the good work!!

I suspect that there was something more going on than just crowding in their preferred environment. They had been living in Europe for thousands of years when 'the Cannibalism Plague' hit them, if the cause of all that strife was crowding in riparian environments I would expect to see a lot of evidence of increased habitation along creeks and small streams in the uplands. So my guess is that either something was preventing them from using the uplands, or that there was an additional cause of the strife. (Probably more than one additional cause.)

Hey man I stumbled across your channel a couple days ago and I’ve been watching your videos non stop!! So educational and I love all the effort and care that goes into your videos. Keep up the great work

Pretty cool. Almost a techno-cultural Leigh Van Valen notch in the hilt. Thanks for sharing your research, insight, time in creating this content!

When you showed the broken legs, i thought i wonder if they were eaten? I had just been (the other month) watching an account of Maori in either the chatham islands or maybe the musket wars. Anyway they had something like 2,000 casualtys laying around after a battle. They broke the legs of the walking/surviving wounded so they would still be fresh and to hand when dinner time came around again. No fridges you see. Two weeks they feasted, till the smell drove them away. A good idea is still a good idea 6,000 years later it would seem. Happy new year mate

Superb work Stefan.

Really interesting stuff. Hard to find decent info on this time in Europe. Ever since I saw the reconstructed Crannogs in Scotland I’ve loved this period of history

Watched a couple of your videos now. You have a natural pace and delivery which is relaxed and not overly dramatic and exaggerated like many KZfaqrs. It's really refreshing and kind of reminds me of early History/ Discovery / Nat Geo doco presenters before those channels got ridiculous and conspiracy theory / dramatised. Keep it up, interesting topics too that I've never thought of !

Great video Stefan, love how you put personality and little funny quirks into your work. Really interesting and fun to watch. Keep it up! :)

There could also be a climate threat involved. Usually, demographic tensions exacerbate because of drought, floods, frosts, and other phenomena.

Terrific stuff. I got the genetic origin of Europe's neolithic farmers completely wrong (thats what I get for using older sources) in my own History of Britain, guess I should do a correction video at some point.

Very cool but I have some caveats: 1. While iconic, the longhouse was not the typical house in Western LBK (Germany, Belgium, North France, even offshoots to Britain) but smaller semi-buried houses were the most common, also, unlike their Middle Danube precursors they were since the beginning buried with weapons (bow and arrows, arguably for hunting) and one of their most characteristic crops was opium (and you probably need to be very high on opium to practice mass cannibalism indeed, much like Romans were all into opium in order to put up with slavery and gladiator blodshed, except your usual psycho, of course). 2. You focus on the massacres that happened in this Western branch of the LBK, which was certainly the first one to fall (Michelsberg culture expansion and related stuff) but Middle Danube's LBK (Baden) and SE LBK (Cucuteni and Boian-Maritza, and descendants) persisted in time until the Indoeuropean invasions, the same is probably true for the groups in the NE (East Germany, certainly in Poland). I think this is very important because it underlines how different populations stemming from the same origin can evolve very differently: after LBK had collapsed in most of Germany and nearby areas, LBK descendants in Bulgaria were making the first European civilization (or something like that, proto-writing included) and pioneering bronze smelting worldwide, a thousand years before any other Bronze Age and contemporary with the the earliest Egypt and IVC (later than Sumerians of course).

Glad to see you got a sponsor! And I wish you a happy new year!

Thanks, that has given us something to think about. I think there is so much to learn about the Neolithic which in some instances could explain our behavior today. Happy New Year.

Sten, i did a paper on a post Processual study of linear bank Keramick culture , mostly Hobbs.. a lot of symbology and spiritual inferences, my Uncle curated in at the Nat museum in Budapest, my aunt basically ran Hungary's version of a historic village from the anthrpological side..even been to Lake Balaton and seen some of the sites .. Interesting how this culture paralleled the indigenous cultures I was studying her in Canada.. Though in terms of sanitation, probably due to the domestication of animals, and Aboriginal 's here, mostly Iriquois , and Huron being long house builders..some cree , and maze as the staple crop...a lot of customs and rituals , animistic worship, and use of medicinal herbs , make us think long ago these people may have had a common ancestry or customs had some how intersected through trade we never knew about.. the celts did explore far and wide..

Well done. Really watchable stuff, definitely some of the best content on the tube.

I like that you are honest about the lack of knowledge and that many things are only speculations. Too many people who discuss archeology and history act like every theory is solid.

absolutely the best prehistory channel

Heck.... Kilianstädten, the village next door. You learn something new (or old) each day. Thank you :)

Our ancestors were really tough people.

that moment when you click bc of the title and then it turns out to be your fave stefan!

Oh THATS why you have the spoon in layer videos 😅 I love it! And I love how you visit places around where I live (Portland) 🎉🎉🎉🎉

Great as usual. Thank you for this video and have yourself a Happy New Year! Велики поздрав Стефане!

Awesome! I love learning from your research and hard work. Thanks, Stefan.

Another great video, thank you! Happy New Year to you and your family!!!

Thanks for ringing in the New Year with another of your superb videos! I worked in cultural resources in the American Southwest for many years, but I know very little about European prehistory - So your vids are especially I interesting and informative to me.

I'm very new to your videos, but I have really enjoyed them over the last couple of months. Keep up the good work and I hope you have a happy New Years!

You're really improving the quality of your videos, keep it up! I learn so much from your channel :)

Just discovered this channel. I’ve been on KZfaq for 5+ yrs. Studied this in university. Subscribed with bells 🔔. WoW‼️ Hmm.

Happy New Year Stefan, so glad I discovered your chan months ago thanks to a collaboration series you did. Love these kinds of in-depth looks. Though I guess I could give a hand with French localities names. Not with the Hungarian ones unfortunately I must admit ;) Take care, cheers!

Thank you for taping into the severely underrated and underrepresented niche of prehistory content!

Thanks Stefan , great job . Good luck with the channel this year !

So question. If the Anatolians mostly replaced the WHG, and the Anatolians were dark eyed, and the later Yamnayas were also dark eyed according to what I read, where did the later day, common European blue eyes come from? I guess from the early WHGs, but if they were mostly replaced, how did their blue eyes survive?

Thank you Mr. Milo .. so many unanswered question share though not even asked .. shared with a great sense of caring.. and humor.. Again, thank you!

A mass grave of people that were eaten seems very strange indeed considering that those mostly seemed to have been adults and one adult could probably feed twenty or more cannibals even in a feasting situation. A mass grave would suggest that this happened more or less in one sitting. Since it is somewhat unlikely that any other villagers just hid or fled to come back and bury the remains of the slaughtered, the cannibals must have done that. The big question would be why? To eat that many people there must have been an awful lot of cannibals and it is very unlikely that the victims went without a fight. That would suggest fatalities among the cannibals, too. Did the cannibals also eat their own? I presume predatory cannibalism works differently from ritual cannibalism where relatives eat their kin that died from non-violent causes. This really raises a lot of questions and answers non.

Super interesting, also a bit depressing near the end. Happy endings don't seem particularly common in these neolithic videos lmao.

Damn, you have cultivated a great, relaxed delivery! Get a PM Boris wig and The History Channel will be calling.

All the best for the New Year Stefan.

So the mass cannibalism with a thousand bodes Stefan, was that one incident or something that happened over a period of time?

An interesting archaeologist on KZfaq who likes to discuss historical migration and who isn't also raging crypto-racialist. Welcome and becoming rare. Keep up the good work Stefan!

Love this channel and awesome video! Keep up the great work Stefan. :)

I really like interpreting history through a Georgist lense: He who controls the land, controls the world [literally].

Thanks for this excellent video, and happy New Year!

Is it proven that the massacres are done by other LBKs and not by the hunter-gatherers living in those areas?

Happy New Year Stefan, excellent as always.

It's so very fascinating. I wish we had written documentation of *some* kind from this era.

Found this channel with one of the Neanderthal videos. Been addicted with the chill tone

Perhaps being a riverine culture their security was also the basis of their fears. That is they had boats to escape which was perhaps easier than running away. Inland required too much defensive building and required a higher tribal or at least stratified level of organisation. Just a guess.

I wonder how those folks down river in Falconer taste?😂

How much of a Legend are you with the 'show must go on' spoon audio Magiver fix 😎👍 Love the Show Mate👍

i love your channel, very informative and it covers history that is little known of.

"Let's invite the neighbours over for lunch". Great video: didn't know about these guys.

is it just me or is the humor-level of these videos getting higher? great video:)

Congratulations for your videos about Central Europe, namely Hungary! Thanks for you unbiased presentations!

Thanks so much and Happy New Year

Really enjoyed learning from your video. I started thinking of the Wendol at the end of it :)

The trench surrounding the long house primarily provides drainage to keep the site not only dry, but warm.

Keep up the good work, always interesting to watch

Thanks for this great educational video! Please make one about the awesome Cucuteni-Trypillian culture! ^^

Very interesting and clear presentation. Thank you!

Ha! I was visiting my mother and sister up in Vancouver, and we visited this spot the week after you did.

I'm liking that the background music choice to accompany descriptions of brutal mass murder and cannibalism would also be suitable in an ad for lavender soap aimed at the octogenarian grandma market.

very enjoyable, the early Farmer folk, their genetics and early cultures are of much interest and would enjoy more study and such programs. The Rhaetian or early and proto folk of that area and the early farmers migration into the area is of interest.

Yessss one of my favourite Neolithic groups! Happy New Year to you!

Love how you embraced the spoon.

Love the spoon! Bloody brilliant!

You pointed to my west & east, that's close enough.

Always enjoy your chats and speculations based on scant but well verified facts. Surprised at what appears to be similar aspects in the European longhouse culture and that of Maori in pre-colonial Aotearoa/New Zealand. I know a very major problem in such comparisons is the seemingly inevitable human mental process of ''creating'' cultural/religious parallels with other prehistoric speculations. But nevertheless commonalities are there : family based commonalities: a shared longhouse with adjacent dwellings, riverside intensive gardens; a history of "intermarriage" between settlements; development of a highly warring culture with very violent massacre and cannibalism. Perhaps it is a common trope for successful floodplain gardeners to develop a culture of population increase and expansion by waterway, aggressive raiding and ambush of ''cousins'' escalating into greater bloodshed.

This is so informative. Thank you!

As a student of Archeology I find this video really professional and highly informative, amazing!

The Great Courses Plus is the only ad I dont skip past if I can skip past it, and I have a subscription :D No Im not sponsored and no I dont work there!

As always, love the content Stefan.

Should do a full video on that clan murder! Sounds intriguing.

I've watched this video a few times and read the First Farmers book, the LBK is very interesting. I think they were more interested in livestock than farming, and that was a reason they spread so fast. They may have looked on cattle as wealth and needed more and more land to feed their herds and keep them from intermingling with the herds of other families or clans.

Stefan, I'll help you out and it will be very easy for all English speaking people. The Hun. village Szentgyörgyvölgy simply means Saint George Valley.

Pro tip, don’t listen to this while trying to fall asleep after being high and drunk. You may get some gnarly visions.

Great as always

Is there any other channels that also cover prehistory like this one? This stuff is great.

Funnel beakers replaced LBK, and they were much more admixed with the WHGs.

Loved the spoon... and of course the video! Thanks!

Excellent video, Stefan. Thanks.

Excellent channel, with excellent content! Subscription earned!👍🏻

Just discovered these videos....enjoy them emmensly..wish they could be longer.