The worst crash test results - Top 15 cars you can die in case of an accident!

Рет қаралды 307,972

2 жыл бұрын

The worst crash test results from the last 25 years.
The cars ( not in order) :
Ford Sierra
Citroen Saxo
Volkswagen T3
Volkswagen Santana
Dodge Neon
Alfa Romeo 156
Rover 100
FIAT SEICENTO
MERCEDES C-CLASS
PONTIAC TRANS SPORT
HOLDEN COMMODORE
2001 Ford F150
Geely CK1
Ford Aerostar
Chevrolet Astro
#carholic
Source: euroncap / latinncap/ iihs.org

Пікірлер: 234

@klaseronen7535 10 ай бұрын

I love the fact how easily you will be removed from the Saxo after a crash. You don't have to cut the door open.

@mokou2526 9 ай бұрын

Safety 100

@arcobot 10 ай бұрын

The Santana end the orange bus are NOT CRASHTESTS OF THE CARS. These where loaded with huge amounts of concrete. They where tests for the barriers them self.

@laszlomogyorossy5140 10 ай бұрын

Indeed, at Faurecia in Stadthagen (Germany)

@cristianomallmann3842 10 ай бұрын

same for the Holden

@RobertDaniel-zc8je 9 ай бұрын

The Holden had Brockie's ego in the boot mate@@cristianomallmann3842

@bellemorelock4924 Ай бұрын

those cars accordioned like being in a crusher. A person or similar would hvae turned in a smoothie and oozed out the door sills. it destroyed the integrity of this video, but looks incredible. I was about to look these up, but your comment saved me the trouble. I wish you had posted the speeds used in that test. It seems well over 100.

@Powerlinx88 Жыл бұрын

the holden commodore crash test was as a result of an anniversary in safety by ANCAP it was crashed at high speed without dummies inside

@cristianomallmann3842 10 ай бұрын

With the trunk load with tons of bricks.

@cristianomallmann3842 10 ай бұрын

Same for VW Santana and T2 Transport.

@htimsid 10 ай бұрын

And structurally weakened.@@cristianomallmann3842

@russcattell955i 10 ай бұрын

@@cristianomallmann3842 Although commercial vehicles should be tested with their maximum load. That is the worst case scenario.

@TheHeavynecker1 10 ай бұрын

EuroNCAP manipulating old cars to increase new cars industry. As a child I saw some of the oldest models crashed and they weren t so destroyed as video shows.

@HighFell 8 ай бұрын

Most of these cars are long gone from the roads, and many had sold in large quantities, so it’s pretty amazing that there were such low levels of death and serious injury. Many in the automotive industry are now asking if the ‘tests’ are truly reflective of real accidents.

@PacificEdibleSeaweed 7 ай бұрын

“Many are now asking”… where are you getting your information? You’re not getting info you’re mouthing off.

@PacificEdibleSeaweed 7 ай бұрын

“Many are now asking”… where are you getting your information? You’re not getting info you’re mouthing off.

@PacificEdibleSeaweed 7 ай бұрын

“Many are now asking”… where are you getting your information? You’re not getting info you’re mouthing off.

@PacificEdibleSeaweed 7 ай бұрын

“Many are now asking”… where are you getting your information? You’re not getting info you’re mouthing off.

@PacificEdibleSeaweed 7 ай бұрын

“Many are now asking”… where are you getting your information? You’re not getting info you’re mouthing off.

@JasonFelminghamLee 7 ай бұрын

Holden Commodore...something else to add to the list of things that can kill you in Australia.

@user-sf7kl9uh7k 6 ай бұрын

Along with snakes, scorpions & drunks.

@cpunktspunkt748 10 ай бұрын

Dont need to worry about injuries with the ford sierra at 90...as you get beheaded

@thealgorithmisbroken 10 ай бұрын

And to think my 1958 Edsel Pacer never even came with the optional seat belts.

@crankyyankee7290 8 ай бұрын

I was in the back seat of a 59 Ford during a head on at about 15 mph, there were no serious injuries(the other car was another full sized car) in either car-just a few minor bruises-0 the Ford was rebuilt and soldiered on for a decent number of years-no one was wearing seat belts as there weren't any.

@CaptHollister 9 ай бұрын

Many of these are for offset frontal impacts. These tests were not a requirement at the time, it was the insurance institute, not a government department, that pushed for them. These videos were part of their media campaign. Cars like the Pontiac Trans Sport had no difficulty passing front barrier impact tests, but were not designed to survive the offset test designed by the Insurance Institute which many at the time considered unrealistic.

@uncleshark1103 9 ай бұрын

I've always thought that hurtling an automobile directly at a cement wall, or solid block of steel was hilariously unrealistic. The plurality of accidents are rear-end collisions with other automobiles, which produce vastly different results.

@adarvirohfanbelarus8889 6 ай бұрын

afaik insurance test are mandatory, even the best governments are to slow to release new tests

@CaptHollister 6 ай бұрын

@@uncleshark1103 You know, if one automobile gets hit in the rear, then it follows that the other one was hit in the front...

@CaptHollister 6 ай бұрын

@@adarvirohfanbelarus8889 Tests devised by insurance companies are not mandatory. Only government tests are.

@user-sf7kl9uh7k 6 ай бұрын

They were only considered unrealistic by the manufacturers who's cars failed them. The solid barrier test that preceded it was unrealistic, although they do that too now to test restraint systems.

@mattikaki 10 ай бұрын

The Ford Sierra 1990 had a commentary in Finnish but it was hard to hear because of that awful music.

@savvasp.stefanidis9304 3 ай бұрын

I think it was actually saying what happens at every speed the car crashes, 50 km/h survivable, 70km/h most possibly fatal, 90km/h driver is beheaded

@michaele7880 9 ай бұрын

I wish the clips had the speed of each test. I’m sure the Commodore was going much faster than a normal test.

@nicolaidisnicolareis4839 5 ай бұрын

The commodore, T3, Santana and Sierra were at higher speeds than usual, especially in this first three as they were crashed to test the barriers, not the cars. The Sierra one was made to test the damage difference when crashing into a tree at various speeds.

@mikewa2 9 ай бұрын

Crash dummies of the world are appalled at the gross negligence of these car companies and will strike if asked to enter similar death boxes in the future.

@user-sf7kl9uh7k 6 ай бұрын

They're certainly not happy, but then it could be argued such risks come with the job.

@spoolysnail32 7 ай бұрын

Pretty much all old cars are unsafe af, that’s not gonna stop me from loving them tho lmao

@ALP839 8 ай бұрын

What the Pontiac's steering wheel does is more or less a decapitation...

@MrSmalley300 10 ай бұрын

Having watched this, I purchased a Holden Commodore for the wife.

@alexburke1899 7 ай бұрын

Get your mother in law one of those Volkswagens after taking out lots of life insurance on her lol.

@LisaMedeiros-tr2lz 10 ай бұрын

Volkswagen Santana and T3 is instant death, but at least they are really good on emissions as far as you know...

@scottandrews4822 6 ай бұрын

This is a cool video but a couple of suggestions: 1) split the cars into "sold in US" and "sold in ", 2) add the year, or year range, to the car, 3) have audio throughout video. I think that these tips will improve your videos and make them even MORE popular!

@driverix 6 ай бұрын

Thanks for the tips!

@ar12. Жыл бұрын

The c class did good for the age and especially compared to the rest on the list..

@vincenzodigrande2070 10 ай бұрын

Only the little clip at the end shows the same impact at different speeds, and clearly the best safety feature ever, is not speeding. People drive like they know safety tests are done and they've got them covered. Just take any modern car and crash it at 90mph and just watch how anybody in it would be just as dead as in any old car. In the US it is even worse due to trucks having an exemption for the most thorough kinds of crash testing (and also don't have to comply to the highest pollution standards) That should mean they could be made much cheaper, but instead the car companies put this money in their own pockets by simply making more profit for themselves. These cars though, have become the face of a nation now, where it isn't even safe any more to be in a normal vehicle, due to them not being crash compatible.

@gregcarbonimaestri 8 ай бұрын

I had a huge accident on the left like in this video in a Fiat seicento (I was driving) - I was hit by a car coming fast (the guy was drunk) and the lateral security structures and the system of flexible interior saved my life: I had nothing, but the car was totally destroyed. I love Fiat!

@MrFrog_ 7 ай бұрын

luck

@user-sf7kl9uh7k 6 ай бұрын

Photos, or it didn't happen. You're describing one of the worst performing cars ever tested.

@whocares264 11 ай бұрын

Ford Pinto....famous for the ford it's cheaper to let them burn than fix the car memo....

@Doc1855 10 ай бұрын

Wow, that VW Santana rear end met up with the front end.

@michals547 10 ай бұрын

Mark clearly: This is VW from China.

@Doc1855 10 ай бұрын

@@michals547 Obviously the Chinese want to kill each other off

@gpsmodul6660 10 ай бұрын

Egal woher der VW kommt, Schrott bleibt Schrott

@mustermannmuster6965 9 ай бұрын

and the construction is from the 80s.

@hackdaniels7253 10 ай бұрын

Holy shitbags - the VW Santana. You'd have to be sitting in the trunk!!

@michals547 10 ай бұрын

Mark clearly: This is VW from China.

@4376ED 9 ай бұрын

How many times do we have to watch the same crash test? I think once should be enough.

@jarigustafsson7620 9 ай бұрын

how much car can you fit in a 1m by 1m by 1m space. Holden: hold my fosters....

@dennyj8650 6 ай бұрын

You are still doing the public a great service. As cars get into "classic' status, it's good to know which ones aren't safe! With the inflation now, people still buy these oldies.

@nln1515 10 ай бұрын

That's why i only drive from the backseat now...

@NigelMontezuma 7 ай бұрын

GOOD GOD, HOW FAST WERE THE HOLDEN COMMODORE, VOLKSWAGEN SANTANA, & VOLKSWAGEN TRANSPORTER GOING??

@jimmyday9536 10 ай бұрын

Amazing how quickly the air bags deploy.

@glennso47 7 ай бұрын

And airbags can be devastating to your body. I had an airbag inflate and it dislocated my shoulder, fractured a rib and punctured my lung after my car was tee boned. I was knocked unconscious also.

@emmanuelrmz9583 6 ай бұрын

⁠⁠⁠@@glennso47but it was better to have a dislocated shoulder, fractured rib than to be ☠️ , right?

@briansummers6074 10 ай бұрын

Sad is that most vehicles won't survive a pole hit at such speeds, not just....

@krisvanmauksch9897 9 ай бұрын

whats song played at 11:00 please? ive heard it in a few videoclips...

@facurojas4477 6 ай бұрын

I love how the Astro's wheel not only didn't pop but also got to bend the whole body of the truck lol

@viniciussurkamp6633 10 ай бұрын

O Santana e a Kombi estavam carregadoa e com velocidade acima do padrão nos testes. E estavam sem bonecos.

@jensrohling5589 10 ай бұрын

Wie hoch waren die Geschwindigkeiten?? Erschreckend und Fazinierende Aufnahmen 👍

@notroll1279 7 ай бұрын

Compared to its predecessor, the AX, the Citroën Saxo had huge safety improvements including side impact protection bars in the doors etc. My AX was T-boned by a Merc 190 long ago. Almost no visible traces on the Merc, whereas the Citroën's driver's door almost disintegrated and the sill was bent enough to lose rigidity. Had he been a bit faster on impact than his 15-20 kph, I'd have been done for.

@user-sf7kl9uh7k 6 ай бұрын

Still not a safe car

@notroll1279 6 ай бұрын

@@user-sf7kl9uh7k Not by modern standards... by early 1990s' small car standards, it was up to par.

@user-sf7kl9uh7k 6 ай бұрын

@@notroll1279 There wasn't any proper testing until the late 90's. I'd say it was below average from the start. Better than the Metro, Mini and Panda agreed.

@notroll1279 6 ай бұрын

@@user-sf7kl9uh7k The big sellers of the time (Uno, 205, Polo Mk 2) were aging designs from the early to mid 1980s and not terribly modern. The late eighties' Fiesta might have been better but it was half a class larger, too.

@user-sf7kl9uh7k 6 ай бұрын

@@notroll1279 The polo was replaced in 1995, the Fiesta was strengthened

@e28forever30 10 ай бұрын

The TransSport was briefly marketed as an Opel, but quickly disappeared from the scene after this devastating crash result.

@CaptHollister 9 ай бұрын

The Trans Sport was never sold as an Opel, it was sold in Europe as a "Chevrolet" Trans Sport or a Pontiac Trans Sport, depending on the country. You're thinking of the Opel Sintra which was based on the successor of these vans, the Chevrolet Venture and Pontiac Montana (there were also Oldsmobile and Buick versions). However, the Opel used entirely different drivetrains and some of these components impacted on the behaviour in the EuroNcap tests.

@mikelowe3647 8 ай бұрын

Der Opel als Transsprort war auch kleiner

@Bandicoot803 6 ай бұрын

This is why firemen and rescue units always need heavy-lifting hydraulic jacks and cutters: On all accidents, the vehicle passenger frame bucked in such a way that it's impossible to open the interlocked foors. Pretty bad situation if the spilled fuel catches fire and engulfs the wreck. Surviving an impact is one thing, but the consequence and aftermath are another matter.

@andyguyuk1 10 ай бұрын

Weren't the saxos advertised as being a safe car

@urbanspaceman7183 6 ай бұрын

When will this list be updated to include cybertruck?

@alkobloger_shustov Жыл бұрын

Интересно посмотреть, как Mark 2 на столб наматывается.

@isleofthanet 7 ай бұрын

What speed are these cars going?

@krzysztofjaskula3740 5 ай бұрын

At what speed they crash in to the wall?

@semiretired86 5 ай бұрын

when EuroNcap tested the Rover 100 in 1997 they basically tested a 17 year old Austin Metro - launched in 1980

@jamesbowen2105 7 ай бұрын

i remember the Neon, President Clinton personally went on National TV to chastise Mitsubishi for that death trap!

@caspaabriel4794 8 ай бұрын

truly reflective of real accidents. Agree also anoying no speeds given! 3:56 VW Santana not only it's body, more over this speed 100mph?

@Pingu1302 Жыл бұрын

Der sicherste Ort im Holden ist der Kofferraum.

@szasza3273 Жыл бұрын

ausser es kommt einer von hinten - dann findest du dich schnell unter der Motorhaube wieder 🤣

@RKar2009 6 ай бұрын

A case where you may use the front seats occupants as your airbag!

@chrismayer3919 9 ай бұрын

MY GOD! I’ve seen beer cans with more structural integrity!!! 🤯

@OzgurY-it3rl 9 ай бұрын

Thank you very much

@NigelMontezuma 7 ай бұрын

Pontiac Trans Sport Also Chevrolet Venture, Oldsmobile Silhouette, & Buick GL8

@jamesbowen2105 7 ай бұрын

those 2 VW crashes were not standard safety test crashes, they were VWs internal test program at 110 0r 130 mph..very spectacular graphics, NOT a simulation. Also real world statistics collected in USA make Ford F series from 1972 thu 1996 as the single most fatal vehicle to be in a high speed frontal crash, including FULL sized Bronco, the second most fatal real world vehicle was Toyota Forrunner from inception to 2000 at least,,,i havent seen the figures on Nissan Frontier but it is the most fatal vehicle in recent years having near 100 percent fatalities in highway speed accidents.

@johnk949 8 ай бұрын

The Mercedes C Class was a surprise. Would like to know more about that one, and any other surprises regarding that brand.

@user-sf7kl9uh7k 6 ай бұрын

Why? Although it was beaten by the Ford Mondeo, the W124 wouldn't have done much better.

@BassicVIC 6 ай бұрын

Those crappy Mercedes from the 90s Bruno Sacco era are a disgrace. He brought the Mercedes prestige down from the clouds to the ground.

@nighttow8780 6 ай бұрын

Bam! And the next thing you know there's a 250° engine on your lap.....still running.

@desubtilizer 6 ай бұрын

3:53 Did the VW Santana even have an engine block inside?

@sandasturner9529 10 ай бұрын

Sad part is most people don't see this kinda stiff often enough so they don't know if they'll survive in an accident if such a thing occurs. They'll assume they'll not get into an accident.

@sandasturner9529 9 ай бұрын

@@longfade true but people would benefit most from doing both

@JohnJohn-zn8ib 8 ай бұрын

If they got rid of bull bars and concentrated on real safety they could put their money where their mouths are but the road safety mob are more interested in making money, they don’t care if the local roads are full of SUVs and 4wds .

@user-sf7kl9uh7k 6 ай бұрын

@@JohnJohn-zn8ibSo true, thousands of pedestrians and cyclists are needlessly killed in the USA every year due to a lack of vulnerable road user design legislation.

@JohnJohn-zn8ib 6 ай бұрын

@@user-sf7kl9uh7k well said.

@dereckjtbear2175 Жыл бұрын

I can count me lucky stars I was never in a high speed collision Or I'd probably, likely Not be here today. I grew up with 1970s -1990s cars..

@WarningSign1000 Жыл бұрын

And so are literally hundreds of millions of people born before the 1970’s worldwide. Many of them were in cars from these eras. Stop exaggerating

@dereckjtbear2175 Жыл бұрын

@@WarningSign1000 What do you about me,my life experiences. Please take your know all sentiments to some social media with divas so you can play with.

@deltaman3921 10 ай бұрын

........oh man, wondering how I'm ever going to get behind the wheel of a car again after watching these!!! I swear most of these would be 'fatalities' as a result of such crashes. Just to watch for example what damage the steering wheel alone can do to the face and head is enough to swear you off driving forever. That's it, I'm never going to drive faster than 20kms/hour again. Mass carnage.

@timw6596 10 ай бұрын

I wish they would show NASCAR cars and trucks doing the sane test !

@manfredschrock9929 10 ай бұрын

warum zeigt man heute so alte Crashtests?

@facurojas4477 6 ай бұрын

How fast was the Santana going?💀

@gmay8493 6 ай бұрын

The Euro NCAP ‘20 Years Apart’ demonstration is actually a really poor choice of vehicle with the Rover 100…That’s a car which was released in 1980 and structurally was the same car underneath when it was discontinued in the late 1990s - it was just ‘face-lifted’ few times and had airbags added…It was horrendously outdated by the time it’s production run ended and was basically a death trap even in 1998. It’s more like 35 - 40 years apart in car safety developments.

@mrsensibletimewastingarrog4185 7 ай бұрын

Add cyber truck to the list now.

@johndavidmyself8039 8 ай бұрын

This collection of crash test videos tells us how to defeat our Robot Overlords - give them shitty cars to drive.

@martinb.770 9 ай бұрын

Without the info of the speed used in the single tests, the whole vid is pretty much pointless.

@nealblackburn8628 2 ай бұрын

i agree...some of those tests must be 250 MPH

@COYGunners 8 ай бұрын

Kid in the Geely is now orphan lol

@user-fs1rb2tr6c Ай бұрын

Rover Metro is a 1979 car but with a 1990s facelift

@timj41 9 ай бұрын

The Geely has no airbags???

@titan9259 Жыл бұрын

1999 Nissan Quest is missing

@1aikane 8 ай бұрын

A Pontiac? How old is this video?

@meloniesghost 7 ай бұрын

The Pontiac Cyst

@seanoreilly7293 9 ай бұрын

How about something a little more contemporaneous. The current decade for instance.

@CarnageVR 3 ай бұрын

The sad thing is these crash tests are only at 30-35 mph

@nealblackburn8628 2 ай бұрын

i find that very hard to believe...i saw a mercedes at the wreckers 30 years ago with the engine bay crumpled you could still open and close the front doors ....head on crash highway speed

@sunrise560 7 ай бұрын

Wait a moment! The Mercedes C-Class was one of the safest vehicles of its time! You can also see this very clearly in the test. The vehicle cell remains stable, does not collapse as in other vehicles and the airbag also contributes to survival. The fact that "Driverix" portrays this vehicle as unsafe shows that this person either simply has no idea or is deliberately misrepresenting the facts. Both are dishonest!

@user-sf7kl9uh7k 6 ай бұрын

Cut your BS NOW!!! It was one of the worst in it's class when tested! Beaten by the Ford Mondeo (also 1993) A4, Opel Vectra, Primera, Passat and the Honda Accord. Cut your BS

@silverliteway 6 ай бұрын

A-pillar and roof even distorted significantly - with wheel encroachment to pax cabin. That one was worse than some predecessors - unacceptable from an experienced marque. (I too like MBs, just need to be selective.)

@user-sf7kl9uh7k 6 ай бұрын

@@silverliteway Which one of it's predecessors would have done better? The 190 wouldn't have, or the W123/4.

@philippbretzler7687 6 ай бұрын

The C-Class was expensive. All the other cars was low budget. The C-Class was not only unsafe, it was also low quality and they rusted! No car in this time rusted like the Mercedes. Fortunatelly it was only this Generation with quality problems.

@user-sf7kl9uh7k 6 ай бұрын

@@philippbretzler7687 Sadly Mercedes didn't start galvanizing until 2003-4. Some early W203, W211's also rot like Queens.

@TheDuglas63 10 ай бұрын

Need to fix sound

@keithhooper6123 8 ай бұрын

The fact is the vast majority of cars will never be in this type of accident,so all rather pointless.Makes cars heavier and more expensive,for almost zero gain.

@user-sf7kl9uh7k 6 ай бұрын

Cut your BS NOW. These tests have saved thousands of peoples lives and prevented even more serious injury. Offset frontal crashes are the most common. I really dislike people like you, low IQ, no research, just misleading people. Your Flat Earth meeting is about to start, run along now.

@vinzclortho7766 10 ай бұрын

Much better video at 2xplayback speed.

@bwilliams463 8 ай бұрын

The Ford Aerostar and the Geely didn't look too bad, but dear God, the Volkswagens! And that miserable Holden...

@nealblackburn8628 2 ай бұрын

they selected different speed tests to distort the results

@NiwinAndFriends 9 ай бұрын

I would hate to be in a Volkswagen Santana

@xXturbo86Xx 10 ай бұрын

Even modern crash tests are performed at a certain speed. Anything above that and even the highest rated car will become like this. The funny thing is that only a small percentage of crashes happen at such low speeds that tests are performed. The vast majority happen at much higher speeds. So, if you think that your modern car is "safer" than this, you better watch out because they really aren't.

@KISSARMY_ 9 ай бұрын

buy a volvo, then we’ll talk about this

@user-sf7kl9uh7k 6 ай бұрын

They obviously are safer, stop writing crap. The offset 40 mph crash test simulates two cars hitting offset head on at a closing speed of 100 km/h

@user-ym1fd6ee8n Ай бұрын

I would add Citroën AX, Fiat Panda, Uno, Rover 114, all Europen Kei-car like OPEL Agila... A lot of tin can of 1980, 1990's deatly economical But what a shame for Mercedes !

@ZPEPACLOTH 10 ай бұрын

頭からプジョーーーーって壊れ方。

@miaugato93 9 ай бұрын

damn first one already, glad i got rid of the thing lmao

@capitanvonchickenpants8492 10 ай бұрын

Any EVs?

@sutanzotarasia7799 4 ай бұрын

Widać że ford sierra po tylu latach to nadal dobre auto

@savvasp.stefanidis9304 3 ай бұрын

12:26 Let's put Chris from mr beast as the driver of the ford sierra at 90km/h

@djrichylaurence8991 6 ай бұрын

Weak safety cages built into them.

@walterferrety8625 9 ай бұрын

O primeiro tem airbag mas só serve pra nao estragar o velório. Hahahahah

@borisstihkrajnc6234 7 ай бұрын

At exagerated speeds every vehicle is a death sentance

@sutanzotarasia7799 4 ай бұрын

Nowe auta przy prędkości 90km wypadły by podobnie

@loboptlu 6 ай бұрын

You can die in any car even modern ones in a crash , need to be more specific about the circumstances.

@Redchannelconditions 9 ай бұрын

You can die in any car.

@botanic300 8 ай бұрын

Where are Ford Escort, fiat Uno and Daewoo Tico?! 🤷🏻‍♂️😛

@user-sf7kl9uh7k 6 ай бұрын

EuroNcap tested the Escort, death trap.

@GordonWishart 10 ай бұрын

Death traps

@chrisgibson8882 9 ай бұрын

Qui fonce sur un arbre centenaire à 90km/h sans freiner?

@knutarneaakra6013 8 ай бұрын

How did we surwive the 1990s

@bjthedjdutchdude1992 9 ай бұрын

If you own one of these cars, its not to late to sell it

@mokou2526 9 ай бұрын

Why did the fiat not have an airbag wtf

@alfonsotatto8365 9 ай бұрын

It was normal for entry level, economical european cars to have no airbags until the late nineties. A base trim fiat seicento costed roughly about $5k as new, and It came with basically zero optionals. The higher trims had airbags but were still unsafe due to the weakness of the front strut. However as I said this wasn't just a Fiat problem, even Twingos or Peugeot 106 (or the Saxo seen at the beginning) had the exact same problems.