When Rome Left England | History of the Middle Ages

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Күн бұрын

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When the Roman Empire left Britain, England retained the city of London but was said to be so destitute that residents scavenged among ruins for metal goods as simple as nails for everyday use. National and ethnic identities were up for grabs between the Franks, the Gauls, the Saxons, and more. Grab your phone and get ready to dish on the ultimate celebrity break-up: Rome and England.
This video is episode two from the series England: From the Fall of Rome to the Norman Conquest, presented by Jennifer Paxton. Learn more about Middle Ages Britain at www.wondrium.com/KZfaq
Table of Contents:
00:00 The Rise and Fall of Roman Britain
04:30 Hadrian's Wall Is Constructed
08:07 What Roman Britain's Landscape Reveals
11:53 Roman Britain's Mixed Linguistic Influences
13:28 What Caused Roman Britain's Decline?
18:45 Britain's Economic Collapse and Political Crisis
23:51 The Impact of the Barbarian Conspiracy
27:48 Romans Withdraw as Britain Loses Military Strength
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#FallOfRome #MiddleAges #BritishHistory

Пікірлер: 363

@WheelieMacBin 9 ай бұрын

Historians were pretty sure of the timeline of decline in Roman Britain until 2017. In that year an amazing discovery was made that re-wrote the history books for the 5th century in post-Roman Britain. Until this discovery, historians were certain that British life had declined and reverted to something more tribal during and after the Saxon Advent. However, a mosaic was discovered at Chedworth Roman villa in the modern day county of Gloucestershire. That mosaic has been positively dated to being laid around the mid 5th century, and certainly after 424 AD, and probably as late as 450 - 480 AD. That strongly suggests that Chedworth was occupied by a wealthy individual who was living a Roman lifestyle, and that artisans still existed who could manufacture and lay a mosaic floor. That further suggests that other artisans and tradesmen existed, but more importantly, it indicates that some form of Romano-British administration existed, along with a military force. That would tie-in with the famous Romano-British victory at the Battle of Badon around 500 AD, which held back the Saxon advance in the west for at least fifty years.

@sinsitysinderella790 7 ай бұрын

That's fascinating! Thanks for sharing!

@kevwhufc8640 4 ай бұрын

Historians are slow in catching up with the evidence info archaeologists discover.

@spacebeagle3810 Ай бұрын

...in which a Sarmatian named Art killed like, 900 guys. Killed them to death, if I remember correctly. All seriousness aside, that is indeed an intriguing and cool tie-in.

@ac1646 Ай бұрын

I just saw a video on this! It makes sense. The Romans were in Britain for three and a half centuries. I can't believe that the whole of the civilization just went 'back' to what it was before.

@heofonfyr6000 Ай бұрын

I don't really understand what people thought was the case before... pretty sure nobody seriously imagined a sudden, complete and total withdrawal of all Roman culture and administration and cessation of any and all armed struggle in 411 AD 🤷🏻‍♂️😆 that wouldn't make any sense. I don't really recall the narrative being previously different or changing after 2017... indeed I remember lots of talk of battles and a receding Roman culture eventually ending with the last Roman administration in Wales. from 2017 there was simply a solid example of what everyone already figured was the case.

@george11419 19 күн бұрын

I loved this presentation. All too often, presentations are like television programmes. In this case, the presenter/lecturer is highly literate and knowledgeable.

@StraightWhiteGuy33 19 күн бұрын

Who else was not expecting such a fantastic video when they clicked

@foxman9709 3 күн бұрын

Yes, I agree, I had mediocre expectations but was not disappointed!

@britishpatriot7386 Күн бұрын

It was trash 😂and not very accurate.

@ethanpeeler3147 Күн бұрын

@@britishpatriot7386why was it trash and what was wrong with it?

@jrlaz0001 2 жыл бұрын

This was absolutely fantastic! What a true teacher!

@julianhermanubis6800 Жыл бұрын

I find it fascinating that Magnus Maximus appears in Welsh chronicles and histories and is said to have had a family connection to the very earliest Welsh kings.

@KevDaly 11 ай бұрын

There also seems to be a distant memory of Caratacus, which is even more impressive - although it's hard to be sure since the name also occurs for different people in Ireland (whence McCarthys) so it's not obvious whether it was just a popular name in aristocratic circles, or even was a popular name because of his fame.

@kimberlyperrotis8962 Жыл бұрын

I’ve watched all of this professor’s courses on Wondrium, I think she’s great.

@TheGreatCourses Жыл бұрын

Makes us happy to hear you are enjoying the courses!

@BB-yh5rd Жыл бұрын

I was working in Gloucester area off and on for two years during the pandemic and my hotel was a short walk from the ruins of a Roman villa. Was pretty amazing that stuff like that was all over the place. An old structure in the Rocky Mountain region where I live is around a hundred years old. The depth and variety of history in the UK is pretty mesmerizing.

@juniorjames7076 Жыл бұрын

"Futuristic" stories about a devasted dystopian landscape are really just our vestigial memories of past civilization collapse.

@7harrylime 2 жыл бұрын

Professor Paxton is the best. Her history of England from King Arthur to the Tudor conquest and 1066: The Year that Changed Everything are outstanding.

@garryowen8875 Жыл бұрын

Arthur (if he existed) was 500 years before England.

@7harrylime Жыл бұрын

@@garryowen8875 She teaches how the idea of Arthur influenced England’s national identity, not Arthur as an actual person.

@kevwhufc8640 Жыл бұрын

@@7harrylime Arthur didn't influence Britain, he was created by the earl of Monmouth in 12th century. Libraries didn't exist in Saxon times ,,, doh. I hate yanks talking about British history, its so wrong

@7harrylime Жыл бұрын

@@kevwhufc8640 There were oral traditions about a King Arthur figure going back to the Dark Ages. Gildas, Bede and other monks wrote about this figure going back to the fifth century. I’m not talking about Malory and the later French stories. Also, your 12th century date is irrelevant because the course goes until the Tudor conquest in 1485. Henry named his eldest son Arthur for a reason - to establish legitimacy as part of the Arthurian tradition. Maybe be a tad less condescending next time.

@kevwhufc8640 Жыл бұрын

@@7harrylime I think it was around the late the 9th century the name Arthur was used, or something similar like Ambrose or artorius, but he's a composite figure at best, if not completely mythical.

@teddyjackson1902 11 ай бұрын

It’s confusing to me why Caesar’s expeditions to the island are often downplayed. He established the foundation on which the province was built by forming patronage relationships in the southeast where Rome ultimately gained its foothold with the assistance of local chieftains.

@KevDaly 8 ай бұрын

I think it's largely because everyone there went back to business as usual after he left. They were accustomed to strong leaders imposing tribute and exercising sway for as long as their power lasted - the general model of war in Britain was the old one: you kill some people, you take their stuff, and you go home, maybe with some slaves or hostages. That's largely what Caesar did. It was only under Claudius that a permanent Roman presence was established - the majority of the island was very clearly under new management, and the freedom of the Britons was ended.

@sinsitysinderella790 7 ай бұрын

I absolutely agree. The vast majority of mentions of Caeser in regards to Britain are how he was run out on his initial attempt. His actual contribution is mainly overlooked.

@damionkeeling3103 6 күн бұрын

Maybe he did. I think it more likely that those links were formed in the intervening 100 years. All of Gaul was placed under Roman dominion and it was Gaul who was the major trading partner with Britain. So increasingly Romanised Gauls were influencing the south-eastern tribes of Britain. British nobility would have visited their counterparts in Gaul and seen the new villas, new administrative centres and the sheer quantity of goods available and desired it for themselves. If Caesar hadn't finalised the conquest of Gaul then it's unlikely his short campaign in Britain would have borne any real ties between the two.

@teddyjackson1902 11 ай бұрын

It’s pretty awesome that they had prefab mosaics. Had never heard that before. It’s like having access to target art.

@sinsitysinderella790 7 ай бұрын

Lol, right?

@riorockers 28 күн бұрын

It makes one wonder where Western Civilization would be now if Rome had never fallen. A Moon Base and a Martian Colony?

@michaelgardner8523 Жыл бұрын

Well said and explained. Thank you.

@nerdmassa9086 Жыл бұрын

This is exceptionally engaging and clear on many levels, and I'm not even a native speaker.

@bassinblue 11 ай бұрын

We truly have a LOT to thank the romans for. Amazing.

@ttq3661 Жыл бұрын

Love this, a great lecture!

@ulrichschliz1076 2 жыл бұрын

Excellent in form and content.

@TheGreatCourses 2 жыл бұрын

Thank you, Ulrich!

@Azilla00 8 ай бұрын

Great video, very informative

@johnhill9595 Жыл бұрын

Rome never left England. It left Britain.

@sinsitysinderella790 7 ай бұрын

This was fantastic, and so well written and orated. The mention of "Pre-Fab" mosaics kind of cracked me up, it's funny to think of things of the ancient world that way, but as you said, a really interesting indication of the stratification of society. Thanks so much!

@riorockers 28 күн бұрын

I'm sure you could order a mass-produced, stone statue or column, so why not a mosaic? 😊

@robbabcock_ 2 жыл бұрын

What a terrific video! ⚔🙏

@Michael-fl1tm Жыл бұрын

Thank you for this, it was a lot of good information.

@TheGreatCourses Жыл бұрын

Glad you enjoyed it!

@BB-yh5rd Жыл бұрын

This is the kind of great stuff I learned in university 30 years ago instead of the online nonsense that annoyed my kids and almost immediately decided to go into trades and sales instead. Really cool video.

@kevwhufc8640 Жыл бұрын

At least there's more money to be made in trade and sales than any history job, ;)

@BB-yh5rd Жыл бұрын

@@kevwhufc8640 For sure. None of my boys want to go to college now. Trades are definitely where it's at because they're actually useful.

@gandolph999 Жыл бұрын

Brilliant video.

@frankenstein6677 Жыл бұрын

Looking at the map like this, I'm really assuming the Antonine Wall was built more to protect Rome's northern allies, than the border itself.

@JamesWylde 2 жыл бұрын

Excellent video

@petelove9731 Жыл бұрын

Thank you, sitting here at work in a warehouse in West London watching this film. Great work.

@erichodge567 Жыл бұрын

You're fired.

@stushaw3858 21 күн бұрын

Do some work

@trustedgyan5268 2 жыл бұрын

Amazing explain ❤️❤️❤️

@TheGreatCourses 2 жыл бұрын

Glad you think so!

@gregoryrollins59 2 жыл бұрын

Don't know if I'd say amazing. She talks about Christianity that came there. That's misleading. Christianity wasn't, hasn't ever been one religion, one belief. In the 3rd and 4th century the Christian church was divided. Hence the reason why Constantine called the council of nicea in 325ce. Constantine was baptized by eusebius of nicomedia a western church Christian who didn't believe in the nicene creed. So was Constantine the 2nd. So was the first king of Rome. Infact non nicene creed, non trinitarians ruled Rome until around 590 ce. So who were those Christians? It matters. She wrong for not saying which she knows. That makes her a liar. Screw her narrative. Peace and agap'e

@eric2685 Жыл бұрын

I suspect that many Romano British soldiers did not leave Britain when the orders came to do this . They had families here , and these went back generations . Roots , in other words . Whatever legends built up around resistance to Saxons probably have their sources here . In A.D.410 , the depleted garrisons of Britain were removed to defend Rome ... I bet some stayed here ...

@gurunathanm2677 Жыл бұрын

FANTASTIC MADAM, YOU HAVE JUST TOOK US BACK TO SEVERAL HUNDRED YEARS. WORTHY OF WATCHING FROM CHENNAI, INDIA. THANKU MAM.

@ryangerrard4048 2 жыл бұрын

Great video

@smooth_sundaes5172 Жыл бұрын

Germans were here long before the Saxons. Many were settled here following their military service. At Romes height, Britain was seen as a fairly sedate posting. The reason for pulling back from the Antonine wall was because Galloway was difficult to hold down. The rugged and mostly forested region consumed a lot of Auxiliaries and proved an expensive and pointless undertaking.

@damionkeeling3103 6 күн бұрын

Britain had the largest concentration of military in the Empire, how sedate could it have been? Or do you think the postings there were some kind of RnR, in the land of wind and rain.

@sebjornsprauten1406 Жыл бұрын

Fantastic content 👏

@TheGreatCourses Жыл бұрын

We appreciate your feedback!

@HutchKansas 2 жыл бұрын

Nice to have something real unlike the History Channel with the big foot, aliens landing programs.

@altacalifornio5375 2 жыл бұрын

Well... the winners write the history “real” or not...

@martingrey2231 2 жыл бұрын

What's wrong with Bigfoot???

@MPM6785ChitChat Жыл бұрын

@@martingrey2231 Short of one foot I'd say 😆

@damionkeeling3103 6 күн бұрын

@@altacalifornio5375 Didn't even know there was a war with the sasquatch and now you say they won it?

@arkaig1 13 күн бұрын

1. Wonderfully excellent. 2. Highly informative. 3. Set playback speed to 1.25 or more, and it's enjoyable too!

@jodintlz5491 2 жыл бұрын

Love her explanation

@bumblebeeeoptimus Жыл бұрын

This videos have some Great Courses Plus vibes, and are as much good. I miss TGC+ on KZfaq. 😔

@drewastolfi6840 Күн бұрын

This woman is awesome. I am fascinated by this topic!

@valmarsiglia Жыл бұрын

Funny, here I was thinking that England didn't exist till four centuries or so after the legions left.

@johnmaclagan2263 Жыл бұрын

940 ad or sometime about then

@neilog747 Ай бұрын

It existed in Jutland as a tribal territory for at least 300 years before the Anglish came over to Britain.

@valmarsiglia Ай бұрын

@@neilog747 Yes, because that's exactly the same thing, lol. [Slow clap]

@icarusairways6139 Жыл бұрын

History presentation the way I like it.

@aurelienyonrac 2 жыл бұрын

Ecelent. May the history channel match your exelence.

@honvun8002 Жыл бұрын

The best ever !!

@nunyanunya4147 20 сағат бұрын

honest question everyone else ignores: "do you thing Boudicca was real or did Kaiser invent her so he could pent him self red and wear purple all week?"

@peterpayne2219 4 күн бұрын

Cool video. I just realized I’m learning British history from an American.

@beachboy0505 Жыл бұрын

excellent video 📹 the people of Britain then knew that must unite through force and politics.

@ngwailung3751 Жыл бұрын

Thanks for the video.

@londonbudgetgardner5205 Ай бұрын

Excellent video An American came up with the truth.

@juniorjames7076 Жыл бұрын

"Futuristic" stories about a devasted dystopian landscape are really just our vestigial memories of past civilization collapse.

@basilmcdonnell9807 29 күн бұрын

The evidence of decline I find most striking is the various caches of silver plate that have been dug up from the late Roman period. These would have been buried by the locals, who evidently never had an opportunity to come back and retrieve them.

@eddielindaa Күн бұрын

Brilliant

@dragoncrackers7660 27 күн бұрын

I think its amazing that we know as much as we do. We are talking about centuries and centuries of war, neglect of records and all of the other bad things that came about with the collapse of a major civilization. The fact that we have records at all is astonishing... mind you, Im aware that not all of these records are the originals and that we have had to fill in the blanks because there are gaps and contradictions... but we still have enough to piece together timelines and pretty good details in some cases. We even have names and details of their lives. Lots more entertaining to me than fiction.

@RPe-jk6dv Жыл бұрын

roomans were never in "england", so they could not leave it.

@jjsmallpiece9234 Жыл бұрын

The Cornish tin mines shown early in the video are not from Roman times. A bit misleading to show them. They are more like 17-1800 time period.

@TheGreenmangrove Ай бұрын

good docment

@janebaker966 Күн бұрын

Previously Brits had access to goods from Europe - it was Brexit Mk 1! Am really enjoying this,a spellbinding narrative.

@garryowen8875 Жыл бұрын

I always find statements like ‘When Rome left England’ as England didn’t exist until hundreds of years later. I’ll watch it later.

@nicholasjones7312 Жыл бұрын

Yeah, I agree; so the Romans didn’t leave Wales then?

@garryowen8875 Жыл бұрын

@@nicholasjones7312 yma o hyd.

@garryowen8875 Жыл бұрын

@@nicholasjones7312 anyway. You know what it’s about. Neither existed then.

@caliburncymro7988 7 ай бұрын

The word "Wales" is a foreign expression. The Romans left Cymru, our name for Wales then, our name for Wales now. Greek mariner Pithaeus in the 4th century BC said that the natives called their island Pritaen, We still do,, we call it Prydain, or Brtain to you. Not bad after 2500 years. The Britons are still here.@@nicholasjones7312

@s.r.howell1297 Ай бұрын

@@nicholasjones7312 Funny you should say that. Look up Magnus Maximus.

@skatedd2451 Күн бұрын

I could see where this is going in our world

@Queenfan1961 6 күн бұрын

Great video, the decline of the Roman Empire had such a profound impact in Europe. England is not of course part of Europe, but lies in the region. That’s a fascinating time., It would be great to see a new movie made about life in this dark scary uncertain time.

@peterallman8474 19 күн бұрын

I'm not very far into this, but already a little sceptical. In terms of the Boudicca uprising I have never heard the attack on Londinium referred to without mention of the attack and burning of the Roman Castrum of Camulodunum (Colchester) that preceeded it and kicked things off. It's like looking for causes of WWII and not mentioning Poland.

@cymro6537 Жыл бұрын

The title is something of a misnomer - The Romans didn't leave 'England' - but Britain.

@cacambo589 Ай бұрын

Anyone know what "sedullars" are?

@melekcancesmebas3755 2 жыл бұрын

It s wonderful

@kevwhufc8640 Ай бұрын

<a href="#" class="seekto" data-time="180">3:00</a> it wasn't as simple as saying 'the tribes didn't unite' many did unite , but some made deals with Rome such as the Regni which made it easier for the Romans, to land and unload their ships on friendly territory without any hassle , north of the Thames could have been defended but the Iceni had already promised the Romans they wouldn't join forces with the catuvellauni and trinovantes, The Iceni remained on their own land after bending the knee to Rome, something that would they would regret over the following 18 years..

@michaelharrison3602 2 күн бұрын

I believe the Saxons defending the south-east of Britain acted as a bridge head for invading Saxons

@prechagirl 2 жыл бұрын

This was good however I was left with the question what caused the economy to change and manufacturing to decline. I know she mentioned demand but it must be more than that for the impact it had

@michaeljohn2826 Жыл бұрын

Contstant and persistent harassment of western European supply lines over the course of many decades made getting goods in and out of Britain not worth it.

@raultalmon1467 17 күн бұрын

German tribes conquering all western europe

@Valhalla88888 5 ай бұрын

England was founded 450 years later ie 970 AD😂

@cambs0181 Ай бұрын

It's refreshing to see an American explain our history in such a well researched and respectable manner. Rather than getting their knowledge from hollywood movies or some book they read as a child. I mean she hasn't even brought up the argument for aliens helping the Romans.

@dnstone1127 2 жыл бұрын

Where is that <a href="#" class="seekto" data-time="94">1:34</a> please ?

@maryearll3359 2 жыл бұрын

@ DN Stone.... sorry, I haven't a clue. I hope someone will help us ☺️

@fayeelizabeth3351 2 жыл бұрын

Hi, this looks to be the Dinas Dinlle Hillfort in Gwynedd, North Wales

@edwardhogan1877 Жыл бұрын

What language is that text which appears. on screen? Guessing from Armenian to Indian!

@py8554 Жыл бұрын

How many Romans left Britain, and how many actually stayed?

@neilog747 Ай бұрын

Not many British stayed behind in post-imperial India. Why the comparison? Empires are there to prioritise wealth extraction rather then settle the land (where there is already a large population). When the legions left, they took many young British men with theme to fight in pointless wars on the continent. It is unlikely that the British would have missed their oppressors.

@randomcamus9445 Ай бұрын

It was not, when the Romans left, the Romans did not stay because they knew that they would attack other tribes and they were in the lands as foreigners.

@thehum1000 4 ай бұрын

The welsh are not germanic or irish

@kopynd1 2 жыл бұрын

shes gud and a gud luka, luv from Bernicia

@zacsayer1818 16 күн бұрын

If you class a “surviving language” as one with less than 500 fluent speakers, then yes Cornish survives!

@joandark2 Ай бұрын

She shows just how important it is to establish and keep at least a basic level of craftsmen and manufacturing knowledge so a country can maintain a comfortable civilised lifestyle, when foreign trade dries up. At a time when the whole of Europe is in flux, keeping our manufacturing processes must be fought for

@genekelly8467 29 күн бұрын

Brittania (Cornwall) was an important source of tin (for making bronze); this trade continued long after the Romans left.

@brianferris8668 16 күн бұрын

Belerion or Bolerium during the Roman occupation.

@jeremyjones5436 Күн бұрын

The Phoenicians first came into contact with the Cornish with the expedition led by Himlico 450bce the Cornish traded the tin and were considered adept at its production into ingots. It is should be remembered the Phoenicians were also Carthaginians . Successfully hiding the source for a long time.Strabo considered the Cornish to be civilized due to long contact with the Mediterranean. Rome would have traded for tin, no Roman tin works are known in cornwall. Cornwall was known to still be trading tin after the fall of Roman Britain.

@kevin-parratt-artist Жыл бұрын

So where Ma"am, do the Vikings fit into this? The English language with all its ingredients could be described as a dog's dinner. Or Lapskaus, the Norwegian word for a stew with a bit of everything in it. Could we simplify it as saying that English is a Germanic Language with a Romanic overlay? There is Old Romanic, from the Romans, but from centuries later then Modern Romanic, modern Romanic brought over by the Norman's. There was the time when the elite of England spoke French. There are many words in English which are directly from the Norsemen. .. and a few more in Northern England and Scotland. eg. the Scottish word for child: bairn Norwegian: barn. port & starboard - starboard comes from styrebord, 'steering board' = rudder, which was always installed at the stern on the right hand side of the keel on Viking ships. (port is romanic)

@johnkochen7264 Жыл бұрын

Vikings came some 300 years later as I am sure you are well aware of. On a side not, starboard in Dutch is stuurbord and in German it’s steurbord. Both words mean steering side as you mentioned. There are many such words. Hosen = trousers or pants in German Hose = silk stockings and flexible piping for water in English Hoos = a twister or small tornado in Dutch. In all 3 cases it describes a flexible cilinder-like object. Then there is shirt/skirt, water/wotter/water/wasser.

@dontgivamonkeyz Жыл бұрын

Bairn is not Scottish in origin but of old English and was brought to Scotland by the Angles who settled the lowlands of Scotland. Bairn is still used by many in the very north of England particularly Northumbria, Northumbria once stretch as far as Edinburgh and itself of Angle origin. The Scots language is derived from old English, ironically the Scots language and the Scottish accent today would be more similar to how the English spoke back in those days than they do now.

@johnmaclagan2263 Жыл бұрын

@@dontgivamonkeyz Scots is our version of English- it has germanic and Dutch roots

@Knappa22 Жыл бұрын

There is no old Latin in English because the English were not in Britain at the time of the Romans. Welsh is the only UK living language today where you can see a significant amount of very early Latin loanwords. This is because Welsh is basically modern Brittonic - the language that was spoken in Britain before, during and after the Roman occupation.

@kcbowman4042 13 күн бұрын

hate the grammarly ads.

@redemrys5342 Жыл бұрын

So, Professor Paxton, did all this happen before or after the reign of the Emporer Donald?

@roolenoir3183 2 жыл бұрын

Just started. She’s got a smirk on her face . Like she’s enjoying telling us about Rome leaving…

@altacalifornio5375 2 жыл бұрын

If it weren’t for the Romans the English wouldn’t have London, just sayin

@roolenoir3183 2 жыл бұрын

Go read some history.😉

@hands-ongaming7180 Жыл бұрын

@@altacalifornio5375 that makes zero sense

@michaeldeierhoi4096 5 күн бұрын

I always laugh and do a 🙄 when someone interprets an expression as a smirk and further what that smirk was about. Hopefully that original commenter had second thoughts about that highly presumptuous statement. That's my rant for this moment. Good day!

@eriktopolsky8531 Жыл бұрын

The fall of Rome or even fall of its provice such as BRITANNIA is great tragedy and CATACLYSMIC event for Europe as it has brought fallen Roman provinces centuries back in development. No surprise that when Rome collapsed, western partof known world immediatelly entered PERIOD OF DARK AGES, we can see here why, it was greatest empire that ever existet. Why have you left ROME again Brittania ? Is it not cold and lonelly out there on the edge ?

@justmenotyou3151 28 күн бұрын

In some ways, it's like you are describing brexit. 😂😢

@ndoungonecelestin6071 2 жыл бұрын

❤️❤️💥🙏

@user-rg2hj7ex6p Ай бұрын

I remember as a kid: finding my parents old music collection and hearing an Iron Maiden song called "Hadrians Wall", among others. Two or so weeks later in history class the teacher said: "today we will learn about Hadrians Wall and Roman Britain. 😮 I was shocked and amused at the cross-pollenation of subjects.

@michaelpyatt831 Күн бұрын

At 16.35 imagine losing good quality goods for mediocre services and goods, kind of happening in Britian right now for most people !!!

@richardabraham3667 5 ай бұрын

Very informative and fun to watch. And really smart women of a certain age are hot.

@johnstuart7244 28 күн бұрын

England didn't exist at the point in the time frame referenced. I believe the author of this piece is referring to the British Isles.

@TheLeonhamm 8 күн бұрын

And the most telling of the multiple (misleading) simplifications is this (perfectly understandable and reasonable) assumption: 'retained the city of London but was said to be so destitute that residents scavenged among ruins' (the 'was said to be' is the key to understanding the whole). The whole point of 'the city of London' had gone .. with the expulsion of the Roman excise and revenue men, in the train of the British Roman emperor Constantine III (who had largely stripped Britain of its already reduced military retinue .. many of whom were already neither British nor Roman but Germanic, as elsewhere). That the 'city' remained more or less functional - and protected - until the utterly disastrous Post-Romano-British attempt at ousting their Germanic 'protectors' i.e. the new war lords in Kent (ruled from ex-Roman Durovernum Cantiacorum, btw), c. AD 450, is the actual wonder of history (at work) - not the city's decay, gradual dissolution, and final(-ish) destruction (for want of any lingering usefulness, other than as a resource for expensive building material, aka recycling). The 'City' and its near environs in AD 1945-75, as with Hamburg, Cologne, Dresden and Berlin, was also that of a ramshackle building site - replacing not only war damage but engineering slum-clearance and managed reallocation of use, and that was while these devastated cities still had actual economic and governmental functions; so that Post-Roman 'London', the remains, found a use for the new ruling elite, the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes - and not only as the disreputable neighbour to Old Port (Aldwich, in Lundenwic .. the village by London's walls) - is also history at work; the inhabitants remaining, for over a century, behind London's wall were not the rich merchants, civil servants, and town-house villa-owners - worthy of a historical record - but just the rag, tag, and bobtail hoi polloi .. beneath the historian's contempt cf. Charles Dickens and Jack London's descriptions of them even in the 19th and 20th centuries (note well, in many of the same areas that had long-ago comprised Londinium). History can be fun! Yey!

@Scotty-P 22 күн бұрын

When Rome left Britain, you mean.

@DocEmCee 24 күн бұрын

We are in a similar decline now

@martinjackman2943 7 күн бұрын

Claudius' AD43(not44) forces contained a large percentage of troops recruited in the Germanic Roman provinces such as Batavia. This "Germanic" decended population was present throughout the Roman period. The "Romans left and the Saxons arrived" is an over simplistic narrative.

@user-bj3jv1jn6s 3 ай бұрын

The Italians began brits Education and the Vikings finished it

@user-qk4qy3tu5l 2 ай бұрын

And

@andybarry3435 Жыл бұрын

Don't forget the Jutes

@WagesOfDestruction 2 ай бұрын

I doubt that Roman Britain was ever economically self-sustaining. While the province did make some revenue from industries like mining, agriculture, pottery, and trade, it was an expensive territory for Rome to occupy and defend. Maintaining military control required a significant commitment of legions and resources. Over time, the costs likely outweighed the benefits Rome derived from Britain. Holding distant provinces like Britain became an unsustainable burden that drained resources from the capital. Once the Roman army left, the local economy, which depended on military money, collapsed.

@michaeldeierhoi4096 5 күн бұрын

After the raid by Visigoths on Rome in 410 AD the continued uptick on raids by barbarian tribes only continued. So as Rome declined so too did the support of the outlying territories in Britain and Gaul. And 476 was the spike through the heart of Rome with the Vandal raids. Then the raids on Britain from the Jutes, Angles and Saxons increased. But it seemed as though one invasion and domination of Britain only lasted 2-3 centuries before it was followed by another invasion. And of course some people remained largely unconquered. This is at least my current understanding in brief.

@WagesOfDestruction 4 күн бұрын

@@michaeldeierhoi4096@michaeldeierhoi4096, but unlike, say, Carthage, Rome made no attempt to come back. I am sure if England was economically worth it, they would have.

@paulcossu8107 7 күн бұрын

She left out the Jutes.

@ortensiorusso4775 3 ай бұрын

Ave Aeterna! Aeterna! Victrix

@paulgibbons2320 Ай бұрын

They are still here.

@stephfoxwell4620 Күн бұрын

Rome left England in 410. The Middle Ages began in 1066.

@Simonsvids Жыл бұрын

She fails to mention that recent DNA evidence shows the extent of Germanic immigration was not as much as was traditionally thought. British DNA is still predominantly Celtic.

@albertdeleon6272 Жыл бұрын

Their DNA evolved from Africa

@schmozzer Жыл бұрын

Yes, the approach is conventional. She talks about waves of immigrants but it took the English over a hundred years to take Bath and Gloucester from the British.

@DylanTheMattressMan 2 күн бұрын

Rome never left England Rome left Britain but at the time they may have come back as they had before

@Dishfire101 6 күн бұрын

There was NO England it was in the 10th century when the Kingdom of England was formed ie 600 years later after the Romans left in the 4th century! The Picts were the fiercest tribe in the 1st to 5th century, they even raided down south into days England after the Romans left Hadrian's Wall, the Picts merged with the Scots to form Scotland in the 9th century.