2 videos a day has gotta be a grind. Not only you, the host, but the whole script/animation team. Thanks for all the daily info

Watching this video today, January 7th, scientists have announced they've figured out the secret of Roman Concrete was the type of lime they used that would "heal" the concrete when moisture would get in. Pretty cool stuff!

So we people of today have technology that would astound people of the past and those from the past have technology keeping us pondering today. Interesting!

Roman concrete, we HAVE the recipe for. For centuries, we tried to replicate it. Finally, a random college student managed to figure it out; use seawater. Literally, the recipe just says "water" so we were using, like, pure water, but that purity of water came from wells and the aquaduct system, and so was too expensive to use in construction. If you use seawater from the coast near Rome, it works perfectly.

11. The calendar of warren field. 10. Roman concrete 9. Ulfbhert swords 8. Phaistos disc 7. Codex Gigas 6. Sumerian king list 5. Pyramid of hellinikon 4. Tuwanaku and puma punku 3. Oracle room of Hal safleini 2. Lycurgus cup 1. Antikythera mechanism

The Antikythera mechanism is pretty well explained I think. There's even a youtuber trying to reconstruct it with methods that would have been available at the time, and he's even making his own files, chisels, drill bits and other tools from materials that they would have had at the time.

Could you imagine if the clay disk was not something more than a home made board game lol

The moment I saw the Antikythera mechanism, it immediately reminded me of the modern aviation flight computer, only a lot more advanced. I think it was likely a highly advanced 'nautical computer' used to measure speed/distance, tides, ocean currents, time, and a whole lot of other things I can't even begin to imagine. We know the ancient Greeks were highly accomplished at mathematics, so I don't think this idea is too far out of the realm of possibility

Another one that could go on this list is Damascus steel. It's a type of ancient steel used in the far east that scientists agree having a heck of a time trying to reverse engineer it. The weirdest part about it is that, upon analysis, it was found that the makeup of the steel included *carbon nanotubes*, which has baffled scientists as to how ancient civilizations made it. (Though, I personally think it was by mistake. I.e. they had a special process for forging it that they knew made it strong but didn't know why, or they had a cultural explanation. I mean, the vikings would forge extremely strong swords that they thought was because they were infused with an animal's spirit, but it turned out the carbon in the bones they forged into the swords was combining with the iron to make rudimentary steel, so it's clear ancient peoples knew how to make it but not how it 100% worked)

You forgot to mention that several of the kings on the Sumerian Kings List were listed as having reigns lasting hundreds or even thousands of of years

When talking about Gilgamesh, you mention that the great flood was very similar to the story of Noah’s Arc. While this is true, many ancient cultures including that of ancient Mesopotamia have their own accounts of some kind of great flood. If this is something which you find interesting or strange take a look at the number of examples of a great flood story in different cultures :)

What's fascinating is that some of them still function today

The disk could be a piece of ancient scratch papper to practice symbols for students

How funny would it be if the phaistos disk was just a normal collectors dinner plate

In regard to a devastating flood in ancient times, Meltwater Pulse 1B is well known as a disaster of the Younger Dryas, occuring about 13,000 years ago. This was, needless to say, a flood.

The pyramids you skipped past to talk about the ones in Greece are equally if not more baffling

I think ancient civilizations wwre much more advanced than what we might think - most of their advancements have been lost to time - but I suspect they used similar basic scientific bases for their technology. We might just have a different understanding of these things.

Great Flood myths are found in lots of cultures, but the timeframe given for the flood varies from "Thousands of years ago" to "Dude, it was just last week I swear", which makes it unlikely that all the myths are talking about the same flood.

this stuff is so entertaining for 2AM moments

In the past or present. It just takes 1 person with a revolutionary idea to change the world.

Love your videos please don’t stop posting love these 💙💙💙

Damascus Steel is another alloy used for swords in the ancient and medieval world, which were not only of high quality but also sported beautiful patterns. Knowledge of how they were made has been lost despite modern efforts to recreate this them.

"How did prehistoric people make a lunar calendar?" Oh idk, maybe they looked up at night? And then kept track of what they saw every night?

I feel like yall look at my random late night search history over time with these topics

Phaistos disc might be a journal. Just a rock where he keeps his daily routine or what happened or something similar to it

Love this channel, have so much good content. also now it's debatable that they were simply just hunter and gatherers with site's and agriculture presence dating well over 10 thousand years... including structures.... even the black boxes or coffins(even though no human remains in any) have been explained with tools used in that time period... they are precisely cut as if engineered by machine and you can see the differences between people using the tools they had for making boxes and those black boxes.... some technology was lost for sure, well anyways can't wait to see what we uncover the more we dig and the more we toss out these dumb digging rules that have been in place with "seasoned" archeologist.

Another great video as always!

Speaking of small adorable wild mammals living in school walls, I was in Spanish class one day my sophomore year when a ceiling tile seemingly exploded out of nowhere and pieces of the broken tile rained down on a couple of my classmates seated directly below, creating a thick cloud of dust and debris in the air that made it difficult to identify the source of the frantic scuffling and chattering noises we now heard coming from the back corner of the classroom. Then people began screaming and fleeing to the opposite corner of the room… turns out an absolutely SPASTIC squirrel had literally smashed through the ceiling tile and fell into my Spanish class and then freaked tf out when it realized it had trapped itself in a room full of people and proceeded to run around in a panic and leap onto and throw itself off of various shelves and windowsills and cabinets and such in a desperate attempt to find its way out. They built a new high school a couple of years later (“they” meaning my hometown, not the squirrels).

Just had a major breakthrough on roman concrete yesterday! Pretty sure we understand it now, science always marches forward. Gotta love it.

The first computer in the ocean means the first rage quiter .

I had read and watched a team of scientist say they combined the ashe with the nearest area's sea water in the concrete mix and they se to have thought they had recreated Roman concrete

i absolutely love your guys videos keep up the great work guys! 🖤❤

I’m surprised you didn’t make the point that A mummy or pharaoh had NEVER been found in any pyramid in Egypt. Ever. In any of them.

Where the pits are pointing to actually is not where they were 10000 years ago. The earth orbit has been changing always during 10000 years.

I'm sort of disappointed you didn't talk about Göbekli Tepes. A temple 2000 year older than our oldest civilisation.

The Viking swords is probably the makers mark it make sense the guy may have been world renowned for his quality

The cup is already been explained. It is the effect when nano (very small) sized grain of metal can be observed in different color related to the size and the angle of light reflection (this only applies when a material is in really small size). In this case, the cup contain small sized gold particle in the material and can be observe as red or green from gold nano particles. The point is whether is effect is intended to be made by the cup maker is unknown. Some believe that the metal (not sure about material) used isn’t at the most purity from the undeveloped mining and refining process which it contained the gold particle in it and with the right heat and pressure applied when crafting the cup (either intended or just by luck), it create this effect.

Re: the Phaistos Disk. You ever watch a toddler with a piece of paper and a few crayons, stamps and stickers? Now, think about how ubiquitous clay was in ancient times, and how often writing implements or decorative glyphs might find their way into the hands of children - or be designed specifically for them. This might be history's only surviving example of early "fridgeworthy" art.

11:39 if bodies found inside is your metric to knowing whether the pyramid was a tomb or not then you're up for a surprise if you ever research the Giza ones.

Thank you for the information

Or Ulfbert could have been a brand of sword that was made by particularly trained sword makers. Possibly, the swords that bore the brand were of special quality that were sought out.

One major difference with Roman concrete with it's not reinforced concrete. The metal bars that we put today make it stronger, but less durable, as the metal rusts it expands, causing cracks. Romans don't have metal in the concrete, they wouldn't be able to make a 100 story building, but it will last forever.

You guys should make a video about "burning man" and its history.

Hello Sir! Love Your Videos!!

Yes, for one, the internet. As the ancients died, they left us this series of tubes we use everyday; and yet no one knows how it works.

I do recall for the Roman concrete that aside from volcanic ash limestone and it’s chemical responses with volcanic ash had contributed to some of the unique features we see from their architectural durabilities

The fact that a lot of ancient civilizations had similar tales and stories about apocalyptic floods and events and even share similarities between their deities and constructions and much more leds me to believe that it cannot be a coincidence right? Maybe there were advanced civilizations that lived way more back in time that we think of and that knowledge was passed on to the ancient civilizations we know. I saw this documentary on Netflix called ancient apocalyps and it makes a lot of sense actually.

Is that was cool, hard to think. Nice vid keep up the good work

The Phaistos Disk could be an ancient example of Conlanging (Making one's own language for whatever reason). Could just be personally created sigils for magickal use age or something too. Also, book-writers in history before the printing press was introduced are heavily overlooked IMO. Just sit down and imagine you have a blank stack of papers and a feather pen or some older writing form. If I had to write a whole bible or something like that I'd simply die on the spot.

A guy doodles some neat shapes he likes on some clay and now the Robert Langdons of the world tryna decipher it

A similar glass formula is made nowadays called CFL Glass or “Shifty Glass” that changes color depending on the type of lighting illuminating the Glass. Reminds me very much of the Lycurgus Cup 🧐

Fun fact you haven’t seen the whole video yet

Cool stuff! Thanks.

Cool video thxs 😊✌️🧘‍♂️❤️👣

Always good videos

I actually did a project on the last artifact when I was in 3rd grade and my teacher said it was the best one she'd ever seen lol

The Uthbert Swords would have made an interesting episode of highlander the series.

Sometimes real life is crazier than the movies. Some of these inventions are perfect examples of this.

10:28 the Greeks had a story similar to noah's as well. Stories like these seem to be quite common

Thx for the video, thoroughly enjoyed too! Btw, I've seen the phaisto disk being said b4. The impression it got to me immediately is just a location plate from the central of the plaza, to the palace and the gates with the surroundings of the city. So basically it just look like an ancient street directory LOL

A very interesting and well researched video. My only suggestion is that I would have preferred to see more photos of the original objects/buildings, rather than 98% animations.

Here’s my explanation for the warren field calendar is that they realized that the moon and the sun always comes back to similar points in the sky and then they mapped it. Anyone could do that.

The lycurgus cup doesn't change colour based on angle. It changes depending on whether it lit from behind or in front.

Ide love to learn more about the Smithsonian Infographics

6:23 I see even the 05 Council is involved in that one!

I hope you guys create a video about the Library of Alexandria.

I like to hear our ancestors were cleverer than we thought they were. It gives me hope for the future because it shows people had and will have brilliant ideas.

I love KZfaq for vids like this

Is this channel subscribed to Qxir? I swear I haven't heard of the Codex Gigas until he talked about and they (infographics) go over the same points as he does or maybe they used the same source

We do have roman concrete. Indonesians have been mixing volcanic ash in their concrete for decades. It's actually cheaper than using wood there.

All I know is that a lot of civilizations throughout history have had some form of great flood, it's also possible that a flood bigger than any other flood ever may have happened

Mr.Ballen touched me in my " no no " spot.

I believe I saw a program that indicated they do know the formula for roman concrete. The ash was from a specific location in Italy from Mt Vesuvius. I will try and find the program and post it.

Love the vids

"Ulfbert tm" Sword Trading Company later known as Thyssen Krupp 🙂

Imagine having a gun when your opponent throws rocks

i enjoy this channels videos i have to admit i am missing abit more real life pictures here thou animation is nice but u can show it in real life too whichs even more impressive :)

amazing!!!!!!

I'm actually learning about Mesopotamians, Sumerians, Assayrians and the Egyptions

Gold and silver "fuming" like what was used for the cup is very common in borosilicate /Pyrex glass pipe making. The color changing green is a layer of silver (blue and yellow tones) and gold over top, making green. The red or orange sometimrs purple tones are gold with out silver.

Imo the Ulfberht swords were likely made by a shop rather than a single person. If they were esteemed enough and maybe owned by an extremely wealthy family line. they may have had extremely strict skill requirements and may have adopted techniques brought in through travelling sword makers, or they may have hired the travelling sword makers for several weeks to learn their techniques. The name Ulfberht may refer to the possible last name of the family line which owned the shop. It could NOT be one person, as the swords have been dated to 8th-11th century, so unless it was some immortal sword smith its impossible to be one person. Its also possible that they didnt travel, or employ travellers, the steel they used may simply be imported. Either way they were very skilled. Its a possibility that they made burial swords only though, since i dont think we ever found any on battlefields. Strange we cant find writings of them.

Very vary good work as always, Uare TOP!!. I want to ask u, if u can sometime make a video about ancient and mythology from Sweden, u Know the vikings time mythology. Just a request whenever u can and IF u can i know u have a lo of work so no PROBLEMOS!!

Even more interesting is the reason why those massive stones in Bolivia were so widelydispersed?

Here's my two cents about the Phaistos disk: it could just be a piece of art someone made and it got preserved til today. We can't find anything else like it, can't decypher it, can't find any meaning or accompanying text with it, and that's probably because it never had and never needed any of this. No forgery or religious text or anything, it's just like the lid of a box i decorated a couple years back. It's got a big All Seeing Eye in the center, very ornate, and all around it i've engraved runes and symbols and glyphs. I did this with a blank mind, drawing and scratching at the rudimentary wood with basic tools. The ONLY goal was to decorate my box with visuals i liked for my own enjoyment during my lifetime. Oh what i would give to see the scientists trying to decypher it in two millenia, this is so funny.

This is making me want to go back to school just to take history class again...

I like how linguistic, cultural, or intention translation difficulty counts as technology we can't explain. The others are just technology ahead of its time BUT not ahead of us.

What about Greek fire?

A battle can’t be “particularly pitched.” It’s a binary state; a battle either is pitched, or is not.

Its actually known how roman concrete works and how its made. Its secret ingredient is limestone or something like it that is exlusive to italy thats why it cant be mass produced in current time.

You should make video on Indian ancient technology they are also very interesting

That disc could be anything, an individual that decided to just make a flat disc and pattern it, doesn't necessarily have a specific meaning.

Let’s be grateful for what people we have in the world today

I wonder if anybody has ever realized that the phaistos disc has spirals on it. The words all spiral down towards the center... or outward away from it. There is a clear mark that shows a starting point or ending point on the outer edge of the disc. I bet it is a story or commandment from someone back then. Some kind of royal decree maybe?

I think the disc is probably a rudimentary board game, probably missing game pieces or “dice” of some sort to direct the actions of movement.

Please do the Chinese purple clay soldiers. Kings Alchemist painted boron oxide or something and will be a key leap possibly for quantum and microprocessors!

The phiestos disc looks like a game of some sort... Could've been used as a form of entertainment.

I feel like a lot of these are due to some unique Sabon been born at the right time at the right place play slippery portion. People has a big impact on how people work when things such as sleep and food are only given when you what you’re told.

The secret sauce in the Roman concrete has been figured out. It's volcanic ash and lime. When it cracks, the lime hardens and heals itself.

For the precise formula to make it or how to make it cost-effective !!! Clearly being transfer smarter than what we think they were !!!

The phesteos disk looks like a story, each section says what he is doing or using to make something.