Time to Strike Antifreeze Off Your List of Usable Poisons

Рет қаралды 96,103

Жыл бұрын

Take the 2023 PBS Survey: to.pbs.org/pbssurvey2023o
Correction: 1:43 The left side of the graph should be labeled as Celsius, and the right side should be labeled as Fahrenheit.
Ethylene glycol is the most common ingredient in automotive antifreeze. But for years it was used in homicidal poisonings. What made this household chemical so dangerous? And why is it no longer a viable poison?
#chemistry #poison #antifreeze
You might also like other Reactions videos:
You Don't Understand Water (and Neither Does Anyone Else)
• You Don't Understand W...
How is Whiskey Made? A Deeper Dive Into Distilling.
• How is Whiskey Made? A...
Why Does Salt Change the Taste of Everything?
• Why Does Salt Change t...
Chemistry Life Hacks for Winter Survival (CLH Vol. 5)
• Chemistry Life Hacks f...
How Do Snowflakes Form?
• How Do Snowflakes Form?
Catalytic Converter Stolen? Here's Why.
• Catalytic Converter St...
Credits:
Executive Producer:
Matthew Radcliff
Producers:
Elaine Seward
Andrew Sobey
Darren Weaver
Host:
Alex Dainis
Scientific Consultants:
William Porter, Ph.D.
Michelle Boucher, Ph.D.
Leila Duman, Ph.D.
Executive in Charge for PBS: Maribel Lopez
Director of Programming for PBS: Gabrielle Ewing
Assistant Director of Programming for PBS: John Campbell
Reactions is a production of the American Chemical Society.
© 2022 American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
Sources:
Intentional Ethylene Glycol Poisoning Increase after Media Coverage of Antifreeze Murders
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
Woman pleads guilty to killing husband with antifreeze
www.delawareonline.com/story/...
Homicidal Ethylene Glycol Intoxication
journals.lww.com/amjforensicm...
Ethylene glycol poisoning: Quintessential clinical toxicology; analytical conundrum
www.sciencedirect.com/science...
Ethylene Glycol Toxicity
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NB...
Alcohol Dehydrogenases
www.sciencedirect.com/topics/...
Why Is Antifreeze So Delicious?
slate.com/news-and-politics/2...
Bitter and sweet components of ethanol taste in humans
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10940...
Alcohol Metabolism: An Update
pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publicatio...
Biochemistry, Lactate Dehydrogenase
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NB...
Signal transduction and information processing in mammalian taste buds
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
What Are the Toxicological Effects of Ethylene Glycol Poisoning?
www.atsdr.cdc.gov/csem/ethyle...
Antifreeze and Engine Coolant Being Bittered Nationwide
web.archive.org/web/201212282...
The impact of bittering agents on pediatric ingestions of antifreeze
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19571...
The impact of bittering agents on suicidal ingestions of antifreeze
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18584...
Toxicology of E-Cigarette Constituents
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NB...
Food additive could serve as a safer, more environmentally friendly antifreeze
www.eurekalert.org/news-relea...

Пікірлер: 496

@ACSReactions Жыл бұрын

Propylene glycol is listed as “generally regarded as safe” by the FDA, which makes it a much safer alternative to ethylene glycol for antifreeze. But that rating only covers its use as a food additive. While the chemical is pretty much ubiquitous in vape juice, the health impacts of propylene glycol inhalation are still not fully understood. One study found that it caused alterations to the genetic biological clock in lungs, liver, kidneys, skeletal muscle, and brain. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5641932/

@highlander723 Жыл бұрын

You need to change the title of your video It doesn't make any sense. And besides can't you bypass the bittering agent by distilling antifreeze to produce pure ethylene glycol. Academically speaking of course.... BEAHAHAHAHA

@isaacm1929 Жыл бұрын

As a chemist, the synthesis is pretty easy, the distillation is also easy. There is no thing as a "safe" product, if someone wants to do evil.

@highlander723 Жыл бұрын

@@isaacm1929 The distillation is not entry level It boils at around 200° c But it could be done. The synthesis is also not that difficult but you need to get your hands on a palladium catalyst. or you can just order it online

@isaacm1929 Жыл бұрын

@@highlander723 The catalyst can be bought online, and you can use some sketchy modifications in a forge to distill it. If someone wants to do it, well, they can.

@highlander723 Жыл бұрын

@@isaacm1929 Why use a forage just get a decent heating mantle. or if you really want to flex your chemistry muscles you can do the distillation under vacuum to lower the boiling point..... either way the only way you're going to make it perfectly safe and remove it from antifreeze as a potential stock material is for the industry to just use propylene glycol. It's the equivalent of adding denaturing agents to alcohol A quick distillation and some activated charcoal and you could quickly remove it..... hypothetically academically speaking.

@muxpux Жыл бұрын

My ex drank antifreeze to try and unalive herself. I figured out what was going on and called 911 and she got taken care of, but what saved her was she was drinking vodka as a chaser, to “work up the courage”. She didn’t realize she was drinking the cure with the poison. She later told me she had done some research and figured she’d get drunk, drink a glass, go to sleep and not wake up. But… she also said she didn’t read far enough to know that the regular alcohol would actually save her.

@Zorro9129 Жыл бұрын

She was saved by her own idiocy.

@darkshadowsx5949 Жыл бұрын

i tried to unalive myself a few times. alcohol didn't work as a "liquid courage". just made me drunk. eventually i lost motivation to do it after a year and a half. and unfortunately i still hate everything 4 years later.

@robocu4 Жыл бұрын

@@darkshadowsx5949 hope you find something happy to focus on. Try getting jacked, that usually helps

@zhonglishusband6988 Жыл бұрын

2 SHOTS… OF VODKA!

@xwtek3505 9 ай бұрын

Alcohol works as an antidote by essentially competing with etylene glycol on the same enzyme. Though normally doctor will prescribe fomepizole instead

@foogod4237 Жыл бұрын

To be honest, I always kinda wondered what took people so long to add a bittering agent to antifreeze in the first place. I mean it's been standard practice for things like denatured alcohol for literally over a century...

@TheDenialist Жыл бұрын

because someone would willingly drink denatured alcohol while antifreeze is not something someone would willingly drink. and humans lump things into categories as if they are entirely distinct and separate from each other.

@WhatIsSanity Жыл бұрын

Money. The manufacturer was not required to take safety into mind for their product by the government, and so they didn't. Only when pressure mounted to a point it was more fiscally harmful to not add a bittering agent did they start doing so. That's free market capitalism for you- literally dead children. There are thousands of examples of this in the US alone. The rate of poisoning and injury to children in the US has been and is phenomenally high.

@TheDenialist Жыл бұрын

@@WhatIsSanity even from the beginning. Everyone knew it was poisonous. Bit everyone was thinking. Why add something ment to stop people from intentionally drinking it when no one would.

@kingexplosionmurderfuckoff9376 Жыл бұрын

@@TheDenialist Because of children and animals.

@petrmaly9087 Жыл бұрын

Depends on where. There isn't a warning sign on a lightbulb saying "Don't put it in your mouth", it isn't coated with bitter substance so people don't put them in their mouths...

@davham27 Жыл бұрын

Even with the bitter flavor it is still sweet. I've been a mechanic for many years and when you take it directly it has a bitter flavor but if it's on your lips it sweet but with a slight drying feeling on your tongue.

@ACSReactions Жыл бұрын

So one of our producers, Elaine, had a housewarming party and Andrew brought over two solutions. One with denatonium benzoate, the most bitter substance on earth, with water, and the other with thaumatin, the sweetest substance on earth, with water. Both are odorless and colorless. We played a game where you have a partner and the first person tries one of the solutions while trying to keep a poker face. Their partner guesses which one they had. Long story longer, yeah that sweetness stays on your lips, but the denatonium benzoate has a miracle berry type of effect that changes the flavor of foods and just makes you hungry. It's interesting and 10/10 would recommend this game.

@ironfront9573 Жыл бұрын

@@ACSReactions I'm appreciating these numerous long replies / discussion from the the video creator. Rare to see a creator engage with audience this much, also so much interesting information from audience side too.

@Altrag_ Жыл бұрын

As a millwright I can say that the stress of micromanaging suits makes me want to drink. I didn't realize that they were saving my life by forcing me on a slow march to alcoholism. To think, I could have saved so much cash on simple syrup in my old fashioned by just using the green stuff

@mr.bennett108 Жыл бұрын

I always pronounced it uh-see-tul-dee-hide forEVER because I was thinking "Acetyl group" and "Dehydrogenase" as the root words to combine. But I soon learned that it's based of "Aldehyde" and "Acetate" so its Acet+aldehyde not acetyl+dehyde

@ACSReactions Жыл бұрын

Alex feels incredibly validated--but seriously. We took a screenshot of this comment and discussed in Slack (she does read the comments but this one needed to be addressed).

@Olivia-W Жыл бұрын

When you approach it from an OChem perspective, it makes sense. Speaking of, I am dreading my upcoming next-semester OChem labs ;_;.

@bobbun9630 Жыл бұрын

Eh. Just call it by the systematic name ethanal.

@stefangadshijew1682 Жыл бұрын

@@bobbun9630 I have never heard anyone refer to it like that after school. Butanal, on the other hand, is hilarious and should always be referred to by its systematic name.

@skybluskyblueify Жыл бұрын

If an animal accidentally drinks some antifreeze if veterinarians cannot get them to throw it up but it has not started damaging the body one antidote was titrated IV vodka [or any strong alcohol]. Now there is a pharmaceutical product they can use, but boy it was interesting to keep an animal drunk for days. I'm sure the Reactions staff can explain how it works.

@ireallyreallyhategoogle Жыл бұрын

Yes please.

@adamrak7560 Жыл бұрын

I know somebody who had methanol accidentally poured on him, many many liters (40 liters maybe?). It was enough to be absorbed through his skin, so as the first aid he had to drink lots of ethanol and water.

@felix30471 Жыл бұрын

It's called competitive inhibition! TLDR: The alcohol keeps the enzymes that produce the toxic oxalic acid etc busy so those are produced slow enough for the body to be able to deal with them. As described in the video, the problem is not the ethylene glycol itself, but the products that are produced by those very enzymes that are normally for metabolising ethanol (=the alcohol in alcoholic drinks). The idea is that by giving lots of ethanol over a long time, there's always a pretty high concentration of it in the body. There are only so many of those enzymes, and whether one binds to an ethanol molecule or a ethylene glycol molecule is random, but the higher the concentration of one of those chemicals, the higher the chance for the enzyme to randomly come into contact with it and then bind to it and convert it. This whole conversion process takes some time, during which the enzyme is occupied and can't convert anything else. It's like 3AM right now for me, and English isn't my native language, so I hope this is at least somewhat understandable, sorry if not! Ping me if you have any questions. Also, of course this is quite simplified, but I hope that together with the information in the video, you'll get a decent picture.

@ginnyjollykidd Жыл бұрын

@@adamrak7560 That is not just a one-off thing. During the pandemic, people were using hand sanitizer with methanol in it to such an extent that they were getting the consequences of drinking methanol such as blindness. So manufacturers took it out of sanitizer. Now I've seen ethanol as a common ingredient.

@sophiewhitehouse6718 Жыл бұрын

a lot of vet clinics (at least where I used to live, in the middle of nowhere) still use alcohol!

@Amanda--- Жыл бұрын

So that's why you add water to the antifreeze tank. To drop the freezing point.

@SeanCMonahan Жыл бұрын

That's why you add _ethylene glycol_ to water. Water has a higher heat capacity, so it is a better coolant than ethylene glycol or a mixture of the two. However, pure water shouldn't be used by itself because A) it freezes too easily, B) it requires a higher pressure in the system to prevent it from boiling, and C) pure water can potentially cause corrosion inside the car's radiator.

@ShinimagisFTW Жыл бұрын

@@SeanCMonahan it's the same thing, different order. It's like saying you add juice powder to water or add water to juice powder.

@SeanCMonahan Жыл бұрын

@@ShinimagisFTW The coolant system's purpose is to keep the engine from overheating. Water is much better than ethylene glycol for cooling (it has a higher heat capacity, meaning the same volume of liquid can move more heat), but water has the drawback of freezing too easily. Ethylene glycol is added not because it's a good coolant, but as an antifreeze that is cheap, not volatile, and chemically compatible with the components of the coolant system, the engine block, pump, radiator, and hoses. A mixture of water and ethylene glycol is a "good enough" compromise.

@noahluppe Жыл бұрын

(window) anti freeze here in continental europe, where it doesn't get as cold, is already a water based solution (usable up to -40°C pure). so adding water only raises the freezing point. Motor anti freeze has to be mixed with water to get the lowest temperature, as it is ethylene glycol plus maybe some additives.

@Epic-so3ek Ай бұрын

W O A H

@polloman15 Жыл бұрын

Another application for ethylene glycol is as a hydraulic fluid for fire hazard locations, as it serves as a fire retardant, I used to work in a waste-to-energy recycling facility and the refractory doors that closed the combustion chamber were opened and closed with a hydraulic system using this as fluid. It was pretty nasty

@napalmholocaust9093 Жыл бұрын

Interesting... Was it 100% or mixed?

@Bigfoot_With_Internet_Access Жыл бұрын

y-you guys have a list of usable poisons?

@pedroarjona6996 Жыл бұрын

The, very perturbed, brother of a dear friend of mine killed himself with antifreeze. He had an habit of faking attempting suicide for time to time, and informing his family for attention. The family after several attempts in as many years, didn't recognize the dangers, and didn't called an ambulance until it was to late. Very sad, the family took years to overcome it.

@Bludgeoned2DEATH2 Жыл бұрын

I used to have problems with Acetaldehyde too. I learned to emphasize the Tal because not doing so would make my mouth do all weird things to connect Ace to Dehyde but emphasizing the Tal helps to bridge the two awkward parts of Acetaldehyde and leads to smoother and easier pronunciation!

@platosbeard3476 Жыл бұрын

I wonder if 'acetalaldehyde' would be easier to say?

@AlexDainisPhD Жыл бұрын

This makes me feel so much better that it's not just me! I will try this!

@morgan0 Жыл бұрын

ass eh (schwa) tol/tail deh hide

@ESSBrew Жыл бұрын

I think the problem is everyone lumps "ace" together to sound like the card in a playing deck. Thats not how it starts and it messes up the entire pronunciation. Least thats what I think.

@ESSBrew Жыл бұрын

@@platosbeard3476 Thats practically how I say it and everyone knows what Im talking about hahaha, just add that extra "al"

@FeedMeSalt Жыл бұрын

Ontario Canada, tiny town called Cobalt. A man killed the town dog, he was everyone's friend for 10+ years, he had multiple homes. Dog catcher ingored him, he spent half his time sleeping in the post office so he could say hi too all the old people. Well, a man killed him by filling the bowl infront of the post office with antifreeze. He was caught on camera. He's been missing since 2008 I believe. He won't ever be found, many of the lakes in that area were caused by mine shafts hitting springs. I won't say anything for sure, but he's definitely down there. Sometimes evil gets what's coming.

@Epic-so3ek Ай бұрын

I’m reading this in a stereotypical “aboot” Canadian accent. And I’m Canadian lol 😂

@jonathanedelson6733 Жыл бұрын

Propylene glycol is already sold as antifreeze for potable water systems. Ethylene glycol has a similar LD50 to table salt; tiny quantities will not kill someone. But someone could easily drink a lethal quantity of it. I think it would be virtually impossible to eat a lethal quantity of salt. Thanks for the presentation!

@tonymouannes Жыл бұрын

A lethal amount of salt isn't that much, but the difference is that salt have an instantaneous effect and it would become harder to absorb it inside the body. While ethylene glycol is slowly metabolized into the poison after getting into the blood stream.

@casanovafunkenstein5090 Жыл бұрын

@@tonymouannes true but unless you're drowning at sea the probability that someone could push past the discomfort of consuming that much salt orally is probably zero provided they have a functional sense of taste. The person would wretch well in advance of that level of saltiness.

@napalmholocaust9093 Жыл бұрын

Making someone eat a pound of salt was used as a death sentence somewhere around the Mediterranean or middle east. Ancient practice, a few thousand years old at least.

@napalmholocaust9093 Жыл бұрын

Equivalent to a pound. I'm sure it was called something else. Think like as much as cupped hands hold. Not to far off really.

@frosthoe Жыл бұрын

Conversely salt is terrible when used for antifreeze , it tends to form deposits and block the internal passageways of heat exchangers(radiators) used for cooling or thermal transfer. A small amount is REALLY bad.

@Embassy_of_Jupiter Жыл бұрын

Oxalic acid definiantly gets a precipitation award

@casanovafunkenstein5090 Жыл бұрын

The whole thing about this stuff lowering the freezing point of water beyond its own freezing point outside of a solution is pretty intuitive once you compare it to salt, which is solid at ambient temperature ranges but also lowers the freezing point of water enough to grit roads and clear pavements

@nickvorobey2985 Жыл бұрын

Very interesting, thank you! 1:43 looks like confused C and F

@ACSReactions Жыл бұрын

Ack! Yes, you're correct, thank you for noticing. We added a note to the video description. Apparently 2 producers, 1 executive producer, and 3 PhD scientific consultants are no match for the KZfaq comments section.

@Skaldewolf Жыл бұрын

well, not as bad as when you want to light your barbecue.

@Ballacha Жыл бұрын

1:41 this is a very common phenomenon. old school metalic fuse for example, is designed to melt at 183C to stop short circuit. but the fuse is an alloy of 2 metals (62% lead and 38% tin) that both have melting points much higher than 183C.

@HMan2828 Жыл бұрын

The melting point in those alloys is called the "eutectic point", and alloys that have a eutectic point are called, you guessed it "eutectic alloys", like Sn63Pb37 and Sn62Pb36Ag2. They are highly desirable as a solder material, not necessarily because of the lower melting point, but because of the phase transition from liquid to solid, which happens instantaneously, as opposed as having the different metals solidify at different temperatures as the solder join sets. That translates to nice, shiny, strong solder joints. This is also the reason people who do hand soldering hate the lead-free solders, they are not eutectic and the solder joints are of much lesser quality. This is less of a problem with industrial PCB production, but with hand soldering I still order "illegal" lead based solder to this day...

@noahluppe Жыл бұрын

@@HMan2828 I only ever used lead free solder, with tiny amounts of copper and silver + rosin core, and I have no problems for electronics soldering. Adding additional flux helps with uniform spread, especially for thicker joins, that wick away the heat and the solder likes to glob up.

@itsdokko2990 Жыл бұрын

@@HMan2828 wait, is the leaded solder considered "illegal"? jesus, i still see it being sold in the open market in my country. and now i fully realize why that solder left a grey residue in my fingers. my mind has not degraded yet due to lead poisoning, that's good

@HMan2828 Жыл бұрын

@@itsdokko2990 It's not really illegal, but you cannot sell anything as a commercial entity that isn't RoHS compliant, legally... The gray residue isn't as bad as the sweet sweet lead fumes when soldering... lol

@itsdokko2990 Жыл бұрын

@@HMan2828 oh sweet flux fumes, best part imo of soldering xD

@LanceMcCarthy Жыл бұрын

Good stuff. I'm liking the style, pace and energy of these videos.

@ACSReactions Жыл бұрын

Thanks--we appreciate it and are glad you like it!

@Sembazuru Жыл бұрын

I remember one time I was helping a friend work on a classic car. We were both leaning over the engine when he was cracking open the radiator. Unfortunately it was still hot enough to be slightly pressurized, but not hot enough to burn. We both got anti-freeze sprayed onto our faces an into our mouths. After both of us spitting onto the ground to flush the antifreeze out, we both looked up and remarked about how sweet the taste was.

@AnotherGradus Жыл бұрын

Hopefully manufacturers continue to increase the amounts of denatonium benzoate in household products.

@fbi4256 Жыл бұрын

Welcome to the list everyone, we're glad you could all make it!

@NoSaysJo Жыл бұрын

get a hobby lmao

@f.b.i8809 Ай бұрын

Hello, brother.

@vivianm1851 Жыл бұрын

fun fact they put antifreeze in wine in Austria for one year in 1985. (diethylene glycol though)

@rpeetz Жыл бұрын

Fun fact: the polymer of ethylene glycol, called polyethylene glycol, is a perfectly safe, and mild laxative used medically due to it’s capabilities of pulling water.

@dexterman6361 Жыл бұрын

Hey that means I can now drink it! No more heating bills, take that big energy!

@bcubed72 Жыл бұрын

Pretty much any mechanic that's ever had to crawl under a car to mess with the radiator hose has gotten a drop or two in the pie hole. It is sweet, but with a nasty, rubbery, chemical undertone. (Of course, that's coming out of an engine, plus it was after 2012.) I certainly wouldn't call it pleasant, and knowing the toxicity, made every effort to minimize exposure. (We're talking 0.1ml or so...certainly nowhere near an LD50.)

@InfiniteLoop Жыл бұрын

Ethylene Glycol and broken glass is how my neighbor killed my Lab back in 89, the investigator who came found the bowl they fed him from and had them arrested,

@CrumpetsNBiscuits Жыл бұрын

Good explanation. Thanks. Hope this channel gets more views.

@michaelhenderson6786 Жыл бұрын

As a Montanan, I can confidently vouch that Andrew was, in fact, not joking whatsoever. It’s fuckin cold here man lol

@user-bp8yg3ko1r Жыл бұрын

Awesome video, thank you!

@sandman0123 Жыл бұрын

Great video, thank you! It would've been interesting to talk about how boiling point is affected because that is also of interest with coolants.

@asteria4279 Жыл бұрын

Apparently it’s also used in things like snow globe liquid - don’t let pets drink it! (Aside from broken glass issue)

@dwaynezilla Жыл бұрын

Now what am I gonna wash my 25 breakfast silica gel packets down with!? 1 litre of soy sauce colon cleanse!?

@ACSReactions Жыл бұрын

@@dwaynezilla We personally like to wash our 25 breakfast silica gel packets down with 1 liter of mannitol

@skaldlouiscyphre2453 Жыл бұрын

@@dwaynezilla 96 marijuana gummies and gas station sushi.

@TheMaskedRacoon1 Жыл бұрын

Propylene glycol can be effective for lowering the freezing point of our blood. The antifreeze tick gene can also help lower the freezing point of our blood. This way, we won't have frostbite until much colder temperatures.

@missquprison Жыл бұрын

I tried to oof myself with ethylene glicol years ago. It was hell to go through, but I'm glad I didn't poison myself with something else instead.

@petrmaly9087 Жыл бұрын

Well, methanol would be much more dangerous. Good luck you didn't buy that. Stay alive.

@willemvandebeek Жыл бұрын

Uhm, that was a dark episode, but I anyway wanted to wish the entire Reactions crew a merry Christmas and the best wishes for the new year.

@ACSReactions Жыл бұрын

I mean we did state we *weren't* murdering anyone. But thank you--Happy Holidays to you and yours!

@radiobaked Жыл бұрын

@@ACSReactions It's not murder if you're not caught.

@accelmemory Жыл бұрын

@@radiobaked Yes officer, this person right here /\

@WhatIsSanity Жыл бұрын

Child lock caps would help prevent small children and pets from getting into hazardous containers. Education on basic safety guides and handling of household chemicals is also incredibly helpful. I remember getting a bit of that from school, and my father also taught me about basic safety. Can't understate how effective education can be in prevent accidental self harm. Schooling is meant to prepare kids for the world as adults, stands to reason that part of that schooling would be basic harm reduction methods and conscientious thinking tools.

@ripno2672 Жыл бұрын

Child lock caps really arent effective if they are the ones you press down before you turn them. Ive seen children open them, when I was a child I could open them. It doesn't take being smart either, if you cant get a container open trying to force it open is usually what a child tries to do which would amount to pushing the lid down and opening whatever it is you dont want them to have.

@WhatIsSanity Жыл бұрын

@@ripno2672 I agree some locks are too easy to open and some are too hard. A child left alone will figure it out eventually. Still there are a few methods used to make containers more difficult to open and sometimes a few precious seconds are all that's needed to save a life. It's about reducing risk. This is where the education component comes in. Educate kids when they get into school so they don't accidentally kill themselves when old enough to be left alone. Lessons in basic safety will be applied to child care, and lessons in sex ed will mean parents are having children when they're prepared not the first time they have sex. These aren't just ideas I pulled out of thin air, I've seen them work effectively. It works. Literally almost the entire developed world does this and we have far lower cases of child mortality by percentage compared to the US.

@ripno2672 Жыл бұрын

@@WhatIsSanity We do that in America, and it either gets implemented like crap or just is not effective.

@Sebastian_Hahn Жыл бұрын

"child lock caps" or tall cabinets and actually being enough of a parent that your kid doesn't win any Darwin awards...

@WhatIsSanity Жыл бұрын

@@Sebastian_Hahn When you don't read past the first sentence.

@kathryncarter6143 Жыл бұрын

Very interesting. Thankyou.

@JBKaton Жыл бұрын

I gave my cousin anti freeze telling him it was a chug jug. I'm now on the run

@BackYardScience2000 Жыл бұрын

I have a bottle of denatonium benzoate and I tell you, that stuff is crazy bitter! The "most bitter compound known to man" allegedly and I believe every word of it. I *opened the bottle*, that was it, and I could taste it. Instant disgust! Then, I took a small sample and scooped it into a a vial and immediately sealed it shut. But with the action of dumping it into the vial, a tiny, and I mean tiny amount got lifted into the air. Within 30 seconds people in other rooms were gagging and yelling "what the hell is that!?!?!". They could taste it in the air in other rooms due to the air ventilation systems of the building! Just from that tiny bit getting into the air!!! I would venture to bet that it would work way better for deterring children from drinking ethylene glycol if they'd add more denatonium benzoate to it. If you look up the SDS, you're likely only going to see something like 0.00001% of it being the denaturing agent. That's only like 1/10 of a gram, or 0.1g. knock that up to a full gram per gallon and you'll have something that'll make you puke at the first sip. Guaranteed. Don't believe me? Try it with propylene glycol so it's safe to try and then come back and report what you think. I'll even bet that you'd agree after that. Lol

@vukkulvar9769 Жыл бұрын

Fortunately, my FBI agent knows I play D&D so whenever I lookup about things like poison it's either for my TTRPG character, or bugs.

@bialek.online Жыл бұрын

just a small tip: you can ffw to further show how the solid precipitate falls to the bottom of the beaker

@WSWC_ Жыл бұрын

In the winter, I work with antifreeze regularly. We call it blue water and only break it out once Windows get too cold to clean in freezing temperatures. I can't help but notice that it evaporates much faster than water does, and it was always told not to use it inside for that exact reason. I was wondering if you (or anyone seeing this) could possibly expand on the vapors created, and how that might relate to the precipitation affect you've Illustrated. Also, a little side note. I happen to get a drop or two in my eye yesterday and didn't even feel anything no, we don't dilute it with water very much but found it incredibly interesting that my I didn't feel irritated in the slightest. I was manually blinking the entire day just to wash it out as much as I could

@gsp0113 Жыл бұрын

This was a great video. I enjoyed it immensely. More similar content, please! (And good job, BTW! 😀)

@junkbucket50 Жыл бұрын

This was great! Subscribed

@henrypell1883 Жыл бұрын

I’m fairly sure the Fahrenheit and Celsius axis are the wrong way round on the graph at 1:43, incase anyone else was confused by it

@trespire Жыл бұрын

We use DOWCAL-100 and DOWCAL-200 as antifreeze for industrial cooling circuits. One is Ethyline glycol, the other Polypropenol. Dowcal-200 does cost more. Completely water soluble, a bit oily to the touch. We always use a full face sheild as protection against possible backsplashing, and cleanup with lots of soap and water. No drinking, eating smoking allowed while handling.

@cheezhat 8 ай бұрын

Is there more you can talk about on this subject as far as detection, it has floracene in some to detect engine leaks. Is there anything that reacts with it so you can test for it, I think you left out the glowing in a blacklight part. If someone was alcohol intolerant would it still affect them the same?

@maestrovso Жыл бұрын

I was unaware of the v-shape curve of the glycol to water ratio until this video. Most of the graphs out there cut off after 60%.

@jessstuart7495 Жыл бұрын

What is the proper way to dispose of used engine coolant containing ethylene glycol? Local auto parts stores in my area will not take it. Convenient disposal methods could help reduce pet poisoning.

@unvergebeneid Жыл бұрын

I didn't quite pay attention to the video... you said something about using ethylene glycol as vape juice? 😅

@eternal8song Жыл бұрын

So, if ethylene glycol ultimately metabolizes into oxalic acid, does that mean that the end result of ethylene glycol poisoning is similar to rhubarb poisoning?

@Sebastianraikkonen_actualname 11 ай бұрын

Serious question, is Mono ethylene glycol the same ethylene glycol they use in anti-freeze? Or are the different chemical make ups? 🤔

@napalmholocaust9093 Жыл бұрын

Thanks for explaining the oxalic acid. I wondered how plants used it to remove calcium. What about in normal soil though? Rhubarb makes a ton if I'm not mistaken. As far as the green go juice goes, the whole time growing-up my parents kept a dog dish topped-up with it in the barn loft by the coop. We'd see it working now and again. The tremors are pretty sad. I built a live box so they just get a ride from me. Three tarps isn't enough to save your trunk from a mad skunk btw.

@peter5.056 Жыл бұрын

I wonder if there's an emetic that could be added to ethylene glycol. There must be something, right?

@Dawy1235 Жыл бұрын

Thanx this video helpt me to chose

@ZGoddessLola Жыл бұрын

Ethylene glycol mix with water makes better antifreezes, learned that in my chemistry curriculum in high school😊 back in day when students leaned something useful in schools

@Zippy_Zolton Жыл бұрын

Thanks! I know what I should drink next week!

@ghostbirdlary Жыл бұрын

"let me start by saying im not planning on poisoning anyone" thats EXACTLY what someone who was planning on poisoning someone would say!

@ColonelSandersLite Жыл бұрын

Well, the true crime doc buffs out there all know that there are way better substances you could use anyways. Antifreeze poisonings are *almost* always accidental.

@ghostbirdlary Жыл бұрын

@@ColonelSandersLite sucsynalcoline (spelled wrong)

@pangaeamenslijk9183 Жыл бұрын

Would the bittering agent impact cost or performance for people who don't have pets or children in the house?

@graywolf2694 Жыл бұрын

As a person who works on diesel engines, I hate antifreeze, smells bad, gets all over everything, does not evaporate , so hard to clean up, and yes tastes bad, sometimes it gets in your mouth while working. I agree they need a replacement.

@alienbotfarm187 Жыл бұрын

I wasnt thinking you were going to poison anyone. Now after watching this I do believe though....

@ankhels 16 күн бұрын

Funny... The first thing that immediately came to mind is the episode in House where he uses tequila as an antidote for a prisoner who drank copier fluid to self-exit, causing methanol poisoning.

@itz_premium Жыл бұрын

Very interesting point about propylene glycol mixture being used as an engine coolant.. my worry was the second part.. the metal nano particles... I'm not a mechanic (IT guy) but my little auto knowledge gut tells me any kind of metal in a system that makes contact with major engine components makes me a little squeamish... Nano sized or otherwise. I'm curious how long those chemists who made the solution tested their invention.. long term results as use in an engines coolant system would be very intriguing..

@smoothbraindetainer Жыл бұрын

Coolant shouldn't be your lubricant, so I'd think it's ok. It's not touching and of your wear parts in an engine like oil is.

@chrissmalley83 Жыл бұрын

Nano particles are orders of magnitude smaller than what you are envisioning, and they are smaller in section than the film thickness between moving components. It would be equivalent to >250,000 grit sandpaper, or 100+ times smoother than the finish of any dynamic interface in an engine. Nano particles in suspension are not a wear concern. I'm more concerned with what metals they are using, because PG is also very sweet tasting. Lead has a sweet taste. I assume that they would use the same bittering agent as they use with ethylene glycol, but she also said that the addition of the bittering agent didn't significantly reduce pediatric visits due to ingestion.

@dogphlap6749 Жыл бұрын

Your graph confused the hell out of me until I saw the correction under it. 40C (which is a hot summer day in Australia) is depicted as the freezing point of pure water but our rivers don't freeze/thaw then. I should have spotted exactly what was wrong but somehow I did not until I read the correction.

@chargermopar Жыл бұрын

Propylene glycol has been used as a coolant in Bobcat equipment for decades now. Thankfully here in south Florida antifreeze is not necessary.

@hydroponikstuttgart4515 Жыл бұрын

Would we achieve a lower freezing point mixing Ethylene Glycol and Water 50/50 regarding the molar mass, for every molecule of water one of Ethelny Glycol. Or is there some other optimized mixture?!

@LoveClassicMusic0205 Жыл бұрын

It seems like the lowest freezing point is somewhere around a 70% mix of ethylene glycol with 30% water. At higher concentrations the freezing point starts to rise again.

@hydroponikstuttgart4515 Жыл бұрын

@@LoveClassicMusic0205 thanks alot :-)

@SnoFitzroy Жыл бұрын

top ten videos that will put me on a List for watching

@Altrag_ Жыл бұрын

I routinely enjoy beer and whiskey and I am a mechanic. I use antifreeze as a sweetener in my cocktails. I should be legit right?

@GetaVe Жыл бұрын

So the title is actually completely wrong …. Got it.

@bcubed72 Жыл бұрын

No, it's right. Did you not watch the video? You cannot surreptitiously poison someone with antifreeze because it now tastes odious.

@carloshenriquezimmer7543 Жыл бұрын

A couple of years ago a Brazilian brewer had an accident with its cooling tanks, caused by ethylene glycol. For medication, food or drink industries that need antifreeze for it's equipments the LAW DEMANDS denatured ethanol to be used, but for all other industries ethylene glycol is allowed. But the ethanol is much more expensive, so they used the cheap alternative. The problem was that the cooling water leaked into the beer, contaminating it with ethylene glycol, and the results were the expected. Some deaths, some blinded people and a lot of kidneys damaged.

@tabby7189 Жыл бұрын

I was thinking of using methanol or some kind of automobile antifreeze to defrost some lock I have outdoors, and when I read the title I thought you meant it's no longer an effective option so I watched to see if the laws of chemistry/physics had changed or something. Instead I learned that the antifreeze at the store might not be methanol and why these short chain alcohols lower freezing point a lot only in loosely equal mixtures. I would appreciate if the video title had been more precise.

@kmoecub Жыл бұрын

You seem to be confusing two different things. Methanol has never been used in commercial antifreeze for automobiles (though it is used in some racing cars during the summer). It's generally sold for use in fuel lines to remove water from the system. The video title was quite precise, as the topic was the use of antifreeze as a poison.

@tabby7189 Жыл бұрын

@@kmoecub when the title said "usable poison" I thought they meant to put it in the same category as any number of chemicals that bear WHMIS symbols and that it had somehow lost its function. As for methanol, I was going off what I learned in high school chemistry. I guess I'll have to look into whether my teacher had fed us some factual error.

@ataphelicopter5734 Жыл бұрын

Methanol is used as an antifreeze - but only in products such as windscreen de-icer

@wsketchy Жыл бұрын

Why do we say acetaldehyde when we could just say ethanal, is it because it looks like a misspelling of ethanol?

@TheTransporter007 Жыл бұрын

You should see how many food products propylene glycol is in. They are related, both depress the freezing point, but the subject of your video is WAY more poisonous.

@cassieoz1702 Жыл бұрын

I keep 2L of propylene glycol for treating ketosis in dairy cattle

@ErikratKhandnalie Жыл бұрын

"Let me just start out by saying that I;m NOT planning on poisoning anyone" Hmmm.... she doth protest too much, methinks

@trstmeimadctr Жыл бұрын

"I don't care for perchloroethylene, and I don't like glycol ether"

@ShinimagisFTW Жыл бұрын

Good, I can keep drinking my favorite beverage: ethylene glycol with a twist of lemon and several methanol/ethanol cocktails.

@bigjake360t Жыл бұрын

You said the freezing point bottomed out 60%. So why is 50/50 mixture standard rather than 60/40?

@webx135 Жыл бұрын

The nice thing about the metal nanoparticle one is that if it is MORE effective than Ethylene Glycol, it is immediately marketable as a performance product that car enthusiasts would gladly pay the premium for. From there, economies of scale could come into effect and bring the prices down to the point where it would make sense for something like the EPA to mandate as a replacement.

@Kandralla Жыл бұрын

What does the metal nanoparticle do when it gets into the environment in large quantities? There are no solutions, only tradeoffs.

@glenecollins Жыл бұрын

@@Kandralla one I saw was just silver and in pretty low concentrations, I think the best were alloys, nano silver is not good for bacteria and fungi but normal spills shouldn’t be a problem, a lot of current antifreezes have some metals in solution (I don’t think they are nanoparticles but I could be wrong) to prevent electrochemical messiness happening to the engine.

@Kandralla Жыл бұрын

@@glenecollins It was a rhetorical question. The point I'm trying to make is often we jump to a new thing because the old thing, with years of data, looks bad compared to the new thing, with little data. Plastic was the new thing 30 years ago, it made it cheaper to transport stuff, you didn't have to worry about containers shattering in transit or in your home, now we're rethinking that. Asbestos was the same way. The problem is that we seem to jump on the new hotness without really assessing the possible side effects.

@glenecollins Жыл бұрын

@@Kandralla I was just trying to point out that you may be being needlessly pessimistic, That problem is one of the reasons we have environmental protection agencies. They fail sometimes but since CFCs most have done a reasonable job at catching at least short term problems before they happen. They are already reacting to longer term pollutants like Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in firefighting foams etc. In the US the EPA seems to err on the side of banning things after they have been shown not to be safe rather than banning stuff till it is shown to be safer than current alternatives. In the case of colloids we generally have reasonable information on how they will react in the environment (go into solution, precipitate, bio precipitate etc etc). The EU which is a huge market now has been preemptively banning new solutions until the manufacturers can show they are less damaging for a fair while now so most manufacturers have to run through expensive product testing to get into that market and the EPA takes note of those results so the product often gets pulled (embarrassingly) if it fails testing for the EU.

@Kandralla Жыл бұрын

@@glenecollins Or you/they are making the same mistakes that lead to the problems we have today. There is very little data on how nanoparticles of an element will effect the environment. Nanoparticles are not just "smaller versions of big particles". Things act very differently when surface area to mass is high. You probably have flour in your house, you probably don't think about how dangerous flour can be if a bunch of it ends up in the air. Caution is warranted, but often not practiced when someone has a neat new toy that will solve a problem.

@johnh6524 Жыл бұрын

You could use systamatic names ethane-1,2-diol, ethanal, 2-hydroxyethanoic acid maybe?

@ienjoylife Жыл бұрын

Now we only have to worry about India and Chinese pharmaceutical companies adding ethylene glycol into their products as a cheap substitute for nontoxic propylene glycol. One only needs to do an internet search to see how many people have died from this. In fact in the past week lots of children in India died after a cough syrup was contaminated in this way.

@danielpalmer643 Жыл бұрын

Our cat died from antifreeze poisoning when I was a little kid. It's amazing that it took until 2012 for them to add a something bitter. This seems like a pretty obvious solution. It has no effect on accidental pediatric poisoning, but does it have an effect on accidental animal poisoning? Is there a stronger bitter flavor that could be added?

@ShainAndrews Жыл бұрын

Nope. You're not even looking at the problem correctly.

@danielpalmer643 Жыл бұрын

@@ShainAndrews A bit insulting of you. I think you're probably just trolling, but I'll answer anyway. I do understand the problem. There is not a better engine coolant than antifreeze because chemists haven't discovered a cheaper alternative. In a ratio of 3:2 ethylene glycol to water, it depresses the freezing point of water much more than non-toxic alternatives like propylene glycol. The problem you seem to misunderstand is that this junk poisons infants and pets. Making it taste bad didn't completely solve that problem. Nobody bothered altering the flavor until 2012. Making it taste even worse might solve the only actual problem with antifreeze.

@danielpalmer643 Жыл бұрын

@@ShainAndrews I realized that infants, like plants, receive sustenance passively whereas old enough humans and animals, who have enough volition to reject food, will reject it. Other than that, I think I was looking at the problem correctly. We can't run a controlled experiment on flavor, so it is harder to determine what will taste bad. That point made sense already for me. It makes government approval much more difficult without controlled experiments. Can we further reduce deaths if it smells terrible? That way, fewer parents will accidentally give it to a baby. Loving parents tend to reject baby foods that smell bad.

@KaitouKaiju Жыл бұрын

But I spent the last decade building up a tolerance to ethylene glycol

@SteelJM1 Жыл бұрын

Mix tin and lead in a 60-40 ratio and combined they too have a lower freezing point than the individual elements themselves. Neat.

@smoothbraindetainer Жыл бұрын

Happens with a lot of alloys, usually for the same reason

@ginnyjollykidd Жыл бұрын

This change in the properties of miscible materials when added together without causing chemical reactions is from the realm of a fascinating crossover in science called _Physical Chemistry_ 😊 This is also the branch of physics that explains why a mixture of 50 ml of water added to 50 ml of ethanol will not give you 100 ml of mixture.

@magickitten123 Жыл бұрын

Damn, there goes my plan for tomorrow.

@aSpyIntheHaus Жыл бұрын

I had used and petitioned for the continued use of (Propylene Gylcol) coolant in my mining trucks for over 10 years. Although we have recently moved to a more modern coolant. Using PG was an easy decision due to the safety and environmental considerations when compared to EG coolant. The risk profile is simplified and from an economic perspective it was easily comparable EG.

@cas2059 Жыл бұрын

Thank you for giving me the opportunity to comment, in my opinion and I believe that this opinion is shared by thousands if not tens of thousands that ethylene glycol antifreeze should be banned. This highly poisonous substance is killing thousands of innocent animals and could be replaced by propylene glycol antifreeze which is far less toxic at the very least a bittering agent such as denatonium benzoate could be added to ethylene glycol antifreeze to make it less appealing. From what I can see petitions do absolutely no good whatsoever. The only course of action. I could see, is for a peaceful protest.

@unvergebeneid Жыл бұрын

The link to the survey is no link, which on mobile is a problem.

@freekbertens4729 Жыл бұрын

Huh, so the safer varient is probably of better use in places where the temperature is milder, like places close to the coast

@lake5044 Жыл бұрын

3:30 "In order to freeze, two of THE SAME kind of molecule [...]" Why does it have to be the same molecule though?

@lake5044 Жыл бұрын

@@gregoryford2532 That doesn't make sense because, if you mix a low concentration of one molecule with another liquid, at some point everything will "freeze" (become non malleable) and you won't say that a molecule A trapped in a sphere of frozen molecules B are just trapped and are "liquid" because at the end, you can't really say that a single molecule is liquid or solid. A better way to look at it is that a locked molecule whether with same type of molecule or not is "frozen". Now, the question is, can molecule "get locked" with a different molecule without actually "fusing" and making a different molecule?

@danielmcdonald9737 Жыл бұрын

I live in Montana. 9 degrees Fahrenheit has absolutely happened here during late spring. Not much of an exaggeration at all.

@jordankoch6742 Жыл бұрын

Same here lol

@stucknousernames Жыл бұрын

So don't drink the glowing green liquid in the engine. Also what about the vapor that it gives off how much do you have to inhale before it becomes an issue.

@ShainAndrews Жыл бұрын

Color means nothing. Vapor... you have to quantify what the vapor is.

@charleshines7282 Жыл бұрын

I would not switch to the propylene glycol. I just make sure not to make a mess. If I do I just absorb as much as I can with paper towels. I also make sure my 2 cats are inside the house and unable to get out so if any does spill they will not be able to get to it. Sometimes they are just inside and sleeping anyhow but I make sure that if there is a chance of a spill they will not be able to visit me in the garage and possibly get into that stuff. I am glad to say I never once had to take them to the vet for any poisoning or suspected poisoning. There is an antidote for ethylene glycol poisoning but it needs to be done as soon as you realize that is what happened. Not sure how that would happen to someone but sometimes bizarre accidents happen.

@zyxwvutsrqponmlkh Жыл бұрын

Why don't we just raise the temperature globally instead of dealing with this? I know industrially we use methanol based antifreezes, I'm sure ethanol could work too. Used some beat syrup based antifreeze in a system that had the potential to leak into water once.

@HMAOO86 Жыл бұрын

What type of antifreeze use in extreme weather?

@jakobrosenqvist4691 Жыл бұрын

We use 60% glycole and 40% water in the arctic, and that hasn't failed us yet, and we do get down to below -40C. You are more likely to have problems with the lead acid batteries.

@circeowaggles Жыл бұрын

I got some of this stuff in my mouth once and it took days for the taste to go away

@mytech6779 Жыл бұрын

There is a lot more to finding a replacment coolant than just freeze point and heat transfer. You have useful life, corrosion inhibition(huge issue), compatibility with seals and hoses, high temperature performance.(ethyleneG also raises the boiling point substantially) There are waterless coolants on the market that last longer than the engine (drain and add to another engine) and have no issues with corrosion, eliminating the need for jugs of spare coolant and storage/disposal of buckets of old coolant. But these fluids have a very high upfront cost including a changeover cost of flushing out the old coolant with an intermediate fluid. Auto manufacturers won't front that cost because they know most buyers don't even know to check the coolant let alone what type and warranties run out before corrosion issues ever cost the company a dime in repairs.

@unclejeezy674 Жыл бұрын

Even with the correction the graph at 1:43 is still wonky. Why is 0C = 40F??

@untitledpublisher4092 Жыл бұрын

The only issue with the title, is the fact that there isn't really any mixture of chemicals that could provide the same effect as antifreeze, I could be wrong but in case I'm right this issue will have to be brushed aside intill something is done

@Sebastian_Hahn Жыл бұрын

Why is it an "issue" to begin with? It's not meant to be edible. It's antifreeze ffs.

@ejonesss Жыл бұрын

what is the song you used when you did the experiment with the 2 beakers?

@ACSReactions Жыл бұрын

www.premiumbeat.com/royalty-free-tracks/may-the-fun-be-with-you

@Embassy_of_Jupiter Жыл бұрын

Can animacules also hydrogen-bond?

@anaoricofag1950 Жыл бұрын

At 0:28 Ricin is written off of the sheet, how come has Ricin become less deadly?

@burtreynolds3143 Жыл бұрын

let's put it back on. Ricin is still a good poison. but I'm not tasting it to see if it's sweet.

@red.aries1444 Жыл бұрын

Ricin is very deadly, but only if you use the pure substance. And in this form it isn't easy available. Just to grind up some seeds of 'Ricinus communis' and put this into someone's meal or drink isn't really an option, because this will taste very bitter and the person would most problably vomit most of the substance and wouldn't die. 😞

@anaoricofag1950 Жыл бұрын

@@gregoryford2532 I didn't know that