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The battleship Tirpitz, named after World War I admiral Alfred von Tirpitz, was the largest ship in the history of the German Navy. The twin brother of the legendary battleship Bismarck is a hulk with a displacement of over 50,000 tons, armed with torpedoes and 380 mm guns. At the time of construction, Tirpitz stood at almost 50 submarines, or about 200 million German marks, which now equals about 10 billion dollars (Approximate estimates adjusted for inflation)
Tirpitz - It was laid down on November 2, 1936 and launched on April 1, 1939 from the stocks of Wilhelmshaven. In the same year, his twin brother Bismarck was also launched from the stocks of Hamburg.
These were ships of truly gigantic proportions. Germany did not build anything comparable in size either before or after that. These battleships have become a visible symbol of regenerating power.
At the beginning of 1941, the formation of the crew began. And on February 25, Tirpitz entered service with the German Navy.
According to the original plans, the Bismarck-class battleships were planned to be used as the main striking force of the German Navy in battles with the French and British fleets in the waters of the North and Norwegian Seas. However, the course of the World War II campaigns forced the German command to use its battleships as raiders to disrupt British sea lanes in the North Atlantic.
The legendary battleship was a real floating fortress with a crew of 2.5 thousand people, full air defense armament was 84 barrels, and side armor reached 15 inches, having no analogues in the world. She was able to withstand the impact of a bomb of any power and protect the ship from air strikes. The achievement of the German optical industry was a high-end rangefinder capable of measuring distances up to 100 km.
The loss of Bismarck forced the German leadership to reconsider their views on the use of their last super battleship, Hitler and Grand Admiral Rieder were very wary of the capabilities of large surface artillery ships that did not have the support of aircraft carriers (their construction was carried out in Germany, but none of them were commissioned in the end never entered), because the Tirpitz was used extremely carefully and, as a result, rarely.
Tirpitz practically did not participate in military operations, but its presence in Germany was very important, the presence alone posed a great danger to the forces of the Royal Navy delivering goods to the USSR.
On September 20, 1941, Hitler ordered the formation of a group of ships in the Baltic Sea to prevent a possible breakthrough of the remnants of the USSR Baltic Fleet into neutral Sweden. "Tirpitz" was appointed the flagship of this connection. However, this group was soon disbanded, and the military leadership decided to send a battleship to Norway to ensure its greater security.
In March 1942, the German command received information about two allied convoys: PQ-12 and PQ-8. PQ-12 came from Iceland and consisted of 16 transport ships. QP-8 left the first of March from Murmansk. On March 5, Tirpitz left Fattenfjord and, accompanied by three destroyers, went to intercept convoys. Through the Arctic Ocean, the battleship headed for Bear Island.
At the same time, significant forces of the British Navy were at sea, including the main forces of the mother fleet, under the command of Admiral Tovey, who sank the Bismarck. They were looking for the Tirpitz.
Bad weather conditions precluded the use of aerial reconnaissance by both sides. Because of this, the British were unable to find the German battleship, and the Germans missed both convoys. One of the German destroyers discovered the Soviet timber carrier Izhora and sank it in 1.5 hours. On March 9, a British reconnaissance aircraft was still able to detect Tirpitz, after which the Germans decided to return the ship to base.
For its purpose and the nature of the "exploitation", the Norwegians nicknamed the battleship "The Lonely Queen of the North" (Norwegian Den ensomme Nordens Dronning).
In total, during the war years, Soviet and British pilots made 700 sorties to the Tirpitz parking lots. The German battleship fettered the home fleet in the North Atlantic for three years, forcing the British to drive squadrons of battleships, aircraft carriers and cruisers along the Norwegian fjords. Submarine formations were looking for him, aviation was hunting for him. The German monster survived the mini-submarine attack, and was finally finished off with 5-ton bombs in a parking lot in Tromsø.
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