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Aristotle's description is crazily accurate for the time in which he lived.

I would love to see a video about STDs in Ancient Rome. Seems like brothels were a huge part of ancient culture.

1:24 - What kind of distinction did ancient people make between "tempests" (made by Poseidon) and "hurricanes" (made by Typhon)?

It is amazing how people like Aristotle and Herodotus were able to come up with the ideas they did with the technology available to them. They were sometimes real close in understanding certain phenomenon like the idea about warm air and cold air causing tornados.

In The Netherlands, we call tornadoes 'windhozen' (sing. 'windhoos' pronounced in English like wind hose). The most infamous one hit or struck near the Utrecht Domtower in 1674, causing its connection to the main cathedral to crumble. Ever since that event, Domtower and cathedral remain seperated, the space in between became the 'Domplein' or Dom square. According to the internet, we've had 95 tornadoes in The Netherlands from 1950 to 2015, with only one or two being quite serious. In 1981, a tornado ripped off the wing of a small jetliner, killing 17 passengers while having almost no impact on the ground.

Not something I would have considered in a historical perspective, but extremely interesting regardless! Quality content, as always.

I haven't watched this video yet but it's definitely a topic I didn't know I wanted to hear about.

Thank you for the "AI generated artwork" label, please keep it as your standard.

Thanks for talking about tornadoes in Europe and in Rome. I don't hear much about tornadoes outside of the North American continent.

It is worth mentioning that the northern Italy is an european hotspot for extreme convective phenomena, including tornadoes. So they were occuring fairly frequently on the Italian Peninsula during the roman era as well, so the Romans must have been very much aware of them

Garret ,genuine question here but I understand if you don’t want to answer it… my question is if you’re considering/or in the works of another book as fat gladiators is one of my favourites and found it to be such a great read and I’m hopeful for a for more of your work!

I don't know why I thought tornadoes were purely an American phenomenon. Fascinating! Also Aristotle was pretty close to how weather systems work.

A million more of this please!

I love how often there are uploads, so many history channels take a long time to release, and understandably so, but its such a relief to have steady roman tidbits to tide me over between big longform releases from the other channels

Thank you for fueling my love for ancient Rome!

This is easily my favorite channel on KZfaq I learn so much and you’re just relaxing to listen to. Thanks so much!

Fascinating. I've never read or heard of anyone discussing this topic. I wish there were more first hand descriptions.

I've been on a huge tornado binge watching history on dangerous tornados, perfect timing!

amazing as always!

the fact ive been watching so many of your videos and so many tornado videos makes this so perfect what the hell

As someone who is going to be studying Ancient Greek and Roman in university this fall, I think it would be really cool if you made a video about your bookshelf, and some of your favourite books, as sort of a reading list. It might be a strange request but it would be fun to watch Edit: Of course with Naked Statues Fat Gladiators and War Elephants included!

*Fun fact:* Speaking of tornadoes, ancient sources claim that King Romulus disappeared forever when he was carried away by a whirlwind during a celebration on the Campus Martius. It is said that the tornado was sent by Jupiter to transport Romulus directly to Heaven, so the King will become a God without first dying. I just hope that the man who founded the eternal city who conquered the world is still living happily with the gods, playing war with Mars and sleeping on the huge breasts of Venus for all eternity 🥲

Great job on this video.

Thanks. Tornado subject is appropriate for this spring season.

Wonderful stuff!

Very interesting! Thanks for the video!

I'm a new subscriber and I must say I am LOVING this content man! Keep it up ❤

It's very strange how you've used AI generated artwork here. Especially as they look "genuine". It's pretty cool, you're the first one I've seen do this but maybe I'm just behind the times

I like the trend of comparing current events in America (like tornado season) to equivalent events and subjects in classical history.

You're the best. I love your content. It puts me right there - kind of living color.

amazing stuff toldinstone

Great vid as usual! But is that the lick in your intro?

This topic hit me the other day. I was considering what native American folk did. 🤔

Loved this one- thanks so much, Garrett! 👏

🌪️⚡️love this video

another excellent watch

I look forward to the culinary sequel of this video Tomatoes of Ancient Rome.

Thank you!

Very interesting!

Wow, i never would have thought they had such an accurate hypothisis

I was 9 years old when the May 3rd, 1999 tornado hit the OKC metro area; some of the, if not the absolute, highest wind speeds ever recorded on the face of the earth, in excess of 318mph; the tornado itself was a mile wide; some meteorologists wanted to change the scale and make it the first F6 tornado in history. More than half the neighborhood I grew up in was left as nothing more than foundation slabs... it sucked the grass out of the ground and drained the pond my friend and I fished in. I've seen half a dozen big ass tornadoes growing up in Moore/South OKC, even saw the whole sky twisted up into an impressive F4 that tore straight thru the major commercial district in Moore... but in my whole life since nothing has been as big and intense as 5/3/99, not by a long shot

Fantastic subject. Surprised how some of the ancient philosophers had the correct approach for how they form.

Slave: "They say that the recent tornado is a bad omen about your reunion today with the Senators to commemorate the Ides, master. What will you do if it comes true?" Julius Caesar: "What I have done all my life... Fight"

This is the best history channel ever. Thank you sir. Could you do a video about Illyrian uprising in the Balkans?

When in Türkiye, talk as Turks do: the Turkish word for tornado is "hortum (meaning "hose").

This is such a cool channel-

The thumbnail looks like a giant worm tunelling into the earth

I saw multiple water spouts off the coast when i was in Croatia a while ago. That was probably the craziest thing i have ever seen with my own two eyes. Can't even imagine being close to something like that. Zero chance

You don't hear much about Apolietes these days, but, honestly, he needs to be stopped. Thanks Garret! ETA: that last photo blows my mind.

crazy to think how close Aristotle was to being right with only ground observations and math as guidelines

Video interaction

I wonder if there was a Roman Pecos Hank, chasing in a chariot making parchment drawings or mosaics in the back.

Would love to see an episode on ancient Medicanes, if there are any records of them.

Love the content!

0:34 Don't forget "pushing pieces of straw through wooden telephone poles"!

Just this week I mentioned to my roommate why we never hear of tornadoes in Europe? Very well done vid!

*steps outside in TX* Where is the warm air???

The say Aristotle was a bugger for the bottle.

Just to be clear, the tornado pictured at 7:28 is a real tornado, and therefore when it formed over water, its full classification would have been a tornadic waterspout. Worth differentiating, as the vast, vast majority of waterspouts are "fair weather waterspouts" and these invariably dissipate soon after hitting land. The two phenomena differ significantly.

Greetings Italy! - from Oklahoma

it's a good thing that deaths from tornadoes and other natural disasters are at an all-time low historically speaking.

awesome

I honestly thought that tornadoes were purely a thing only in north america, being that growing up I only ever read or heard about the great dust bowl or other events here in america, and never hearing of other tornado events abroad or in history. love it keep it up man!

tired me read the title as "Tomatoes in Ancient Rome" which would've been even more impressive.

A tornado can tear a man's heart out and show it to him before he dies.

Interesting.

4:38 His explanation is actually somewhat true, the cloud of the tornado is in some sense hollow as it is a very low pressure that draws everything towards it to fill the more hollow air

After watching just one video called tornado iceberg KZfaq now recommends every tornado video under the sun

Pretty soon there will be only ads.

Aristotle was a true genius. Putting all that together without any help or prior studies and hitting the mark.

thats really cool ai artwork, what program was used to make it?

the regular occurrence of tornadoes and hurricanes every year in the US is very fascinating because apparently the driving factor of these storms is the vast deserts of North Africa. the superheated air from summertime in the Sahara desert is carried across the Atlantic, where it picks up moisture and becomes a a nascent storm that requires very little inducement from the local US weather current to explode into a violent storm. it's the only occ urence I can think of one unique geologic feature of a distant continent resulting in terrible weather for another.

Wow, I'd always thought tornadoes only occurred in the U.S. and southern Canada. Live and learn!

"the simplification of the meaning of lighting"

Better than I. I am using it for Greek. Being dyslexic and unable to memorize, I have low expectations of results. I studied German for 14 years and still am unable to open my mouth to say anything but “Wo ist die toiletten”. Useful yes. But frustrating when I know others can retain vocabulary.

I can't imagine how scared these people must have felt seeing these things.

Babbel babbles on……. And a good Aussie HTFAY to you !

Wish the rain gods would give us a break here in California.

There’s no place like Rome, There’s no place like Rome. Wearing the Ruby Sandals?🤣

i've always wondered if Rome or Greece had tornadoes or not.

I've learned, watching this, that we know nothing about ancient Rome tornadoes.

I'm really curious about that "Area with constant lighting ⚡⛈️" it's a lake in south America I think?

They even happen in the praries in Canada

Tomatoes are from South America!

I lived in Wylie Texas during the mother's Day tornado of I think 96 or '98 something like that ... Anyway there was a big pharmacy in town there and the whole building and I mean the entirety of the building was moved on its foundations a few degrees to the point the whole building had to be condemned ... Damn wind ain't no joke

If I had to live in Tornado Alley and invest in a property the only way would be down. I would become some sort of Hobbit. Some would say I am half way there as I am only 5'6" but lack of height does have its benefits. I am not "a sniper's dream" and when flying cattle-class the leg-room is close to adequate.

Actually the wind speeds in the jet stream and over mount Washington New Hampshire regularly exceed f5 tornado speeds.

Imagine being in Europe and seeing a tornado form and touch down. For anyone it would be surreal, but if you were from one of the States where they are regular, you would think someone was getting at you !.

That intro tune sounds suspiciously familiar...

Was Rome especially vulnerable to be a victim of many (or fewer than average, I suppose) natural disasters contrasted to other city states or did it compare more in the norm for contemporary city states?

There should be a Twister remake set in Ancient Romelan era

Does the geological record not show intensity of natural disasters?

When I studied classical studies, this is the direction I hoped classicists would take.

I've lived through the most powerful tornado ever recorded. The largest tornado ever recorded. And the most destructive tornado ever recorded. That's only F5 tornados. That doesn't even include the F4 and below.

Another event western society had no knowledge of is tsunamis. We don't even have an English word for the concept. People used to say "tidal wave" but tidal waves are literally the waves that form during changing tides. Right there in the name. English speakers had no other word and the history of English speakers encountering tsunamis is fairly recent.

Love this. I think I might actually enjoy reading Julius Obsequens, possibly for the humor, since one couldn't often get away with reading garbage, ahem, material like that when one was in grad school save in very special circumstances. Assuming my Latin hasn't atrophied too much, and assuming the Latin Latin wouldn't defeat me, as I sometimes struggled with dear old Amianus Marcellinus (great author, even if I struggled with him). I may have to feel more kindly with Aristotle- his reasoning here, as others have noted, is quite superb, even if he has a few particulars off. Honestly my animosity with him stems partly from a loathing of having to read Nicomachean Ethics, which had a magical ability to put me to sleep, and partly because late medieval scholars and Christian elders insisted on treating Aristotle as infallible. And yeah, he's a bit of a misogymist bastard, which is to say: ancient Greek. Annnyway. The other thing I wanted to say is that I love your use of AI generated art as illustration, clearly marked so viewers don't mistake it for primary sources. That's one of the things I immediately started using it for in my own semi-educational posts on social media. But that use has rather been swamped by the dreadful NFT coterie scraping online artists and then selling imitations of their art, often so close to the original that it's raising fair use questions or, if not, it's certainly raising ethical questions as the bots drive real artists out of business. But illustrations used to make lectures more comprehensible, not competing with artists? Based on etchings and other older art styles that are clearly out of copyright? Great!

2:33 And let's not forget the place many outsiders have seen from the inside, the hapis.

Garrett can you advance me a copy of your book? I'll pay. Let me know plz. I don't wanna wait until October man, that's sooooo far away.

What did you use to generate the Ai art?