This video provides a tutorial on Elongation and Termination of Translation. There are three distinct phases of mRNA translation, 1) initiation, 2) elongation and 3) termination. Key components required for translation initiation are, 1) mRNA, 2) ribosomal subunits, 3) initiator tRNA, 4) initiation protein factors and 4) GTP to generate energy. Key components of translation of elongation and termination are 1) initiation complex, 2) aminoacyl-tRNA, 3) elongation and release factors and 4) GTP. The first step of elongation of translation is the loading of aminoacyl-tRNA on A site of ribosome. The second step of elongation is the formation of peptide bond and the reaction is catalysed by peptidyl transferase enzyme. Following the peptide bond formation, the ribosome advances three nucleotides towards 3`-end of mRNA. Following the translocation, the A site of ribosome is empty to receive new aminoacyl-tRNA. The peptide chain continues to grow until the termination codons are encountered on A site of ribosome. Translation is terminated and the nascent protein is released and translation complex is dissociated and recycled to synthesize new peptide chain.
The following topics are covered in this lesson,
1. Phases of translation
2. Key components required for translation elongation and termination
3. Aminoacyl tRNA
4. Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase
5. Codon and anticodon pairing
6. Wobble position
7. Formation of initiation complex
8. Loading of aminoacyl tRNA on A site
9. Peptide bond formation
10. Peptidyl transferase enzyme
11. Translocation of ribosome
12. Role of elongation factors in peptide chain elongation
13. Termination codons
14. Translation termination
15. Role of release factors in translation termination
16. Complex dissociation
17. Antibiotics targeting different steps of protein synthesis