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In this video, we’re going to introduce you to a very important device used in process control today - the Transmitter.
In the Telecommunications world, a Transmitter is a device that produces radio waves radiating from an antenna.
In the world of process control, a Transmitter is a device that converts the signal produced by a sensor into a standard instrumentation signal representing a process variable being measured and controlled.
In the early days of process control, the standard instrumentation signal was pneumatic while today it is more likely to be an electrical signal.
The standard pneumatic signal is 3 to 15 psi. The standard electrical signals are 1 to 5 volts or 4 to 20 mA.
As mentioned earlier, the electrical transmitter output signal is usually a range of voltage (1 to 5V) or current (4 to 20 mA).
In process control, it is understood and goes without saying that the transmitter output range represents the 0 to 100% of the sensed physical variable.
For example, the transmitter would produce an output current range of 4 to 20 mA for a measured temperature range of 0 to 150 degrees Fahrenheit (0 to 100%).
The four major process variables measured and represented by a transmitter are Pressure, Level, Temperature, and Flow.
Transmitters are also used in industry to measure other variables such as Position and Speed and chemical properties such as pH and Conductivity.
A Transmitter requires a power supply to operate.
A 4-wire transmitter has 2 wires connected to a power supply and 2 signal wires connected to the PLC. The power supply can be AC or DC depending on the vendor and model.
A 2-wire transmitter has only 2 wires. These 2 wires provide power for the transmitter and are also the signal lines!
New technologies have spawned the development of Smart Transmitters.
Smart Transmitters not only produce the 4 to 20 mA process variable signal, but also transmit and receive digital information such as Instrument Tag Names, Calibration Data, and Sensor Diagnostics. Protocols such as HART are commonly used on Smart Transmitters.
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You might want to review 2 of our other articles:
1) DP Level Measurement Explained
realpars.com/dp-level-measure...
2) What are 2-Wire and 4-Wire Transmitter Output Loops?
realpars.com/transmitter-wiring
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realpars.com/allen-bradley-plc/
realpars.com/pressure-transmi...
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